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Un réseau national, exploité selon les règles de l’OMM.

Un service météorologique et hydrologique national a besoin de stations là où sont les lacunes, d’observations toutes les heures, de métadonnées qui disent comment chacune a été faite et d’échanges que voisins et ministères peuvent lire. Le réseau est planifié, construit, étalonné et exploité comme un seul programme.

Industrie

Gouvernement

Mesures

5

Sources citées

5

1. Administration publique · Réseaux nationaux météorologiques et hydrologiques

   A country’s eyes on the weather

   Forecasts, flood warnings, water allocation and the climate record all start from surface stations. Where stations are missing, warnings are late and records are short. Countries have committed to share a basic set of surface observations, and a national network built as one programme meets that duty and serves every ministry.

2. Ce qui est mesuré

   Weather, rain and rivers

   Reference sensors measure air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind and solar radiation at standard exposures. Gauges measure rainfall away from obstructions, and river stations measure level at rated sections so discharge can be computed. Every instrument has its calibration and siting recorded with the station.

   Instruments

   Reference weather sensors · Rain gauges · River level · Station metadata

3. Le nœud de base

   Checked at the station

   The station node checks every value against physical limits and its neighbours, flags gaps and suspect readings, stores a month of data and attaches the metadata each report needs. Forecasters receive data they can trust, and the station tells the service when it needs a visit.

4. Radio et liaisons

   Reports from anywhere

   Most stations report hourly over public cellular networks. Mountain, border and island stations without coverage report by satellite, and clusters of rain gauges reach a hub station over a local low-power network. Each report reaches the national system and the WMO exchange in the same way.

   Liaisons

   Réseau mobile public · Satellite · LoRaWAN

5. Comment ça marche

   From a rain gauge to a warning

   A storm stalls over a mountain basin. Rain gauges report rising totals, the river station shows the level climbing, and both reach the national system within minutes. Hydrologists run the flood model on checked data, the warning goes out, and neighbours downstream see the same observations through the exchange.

6. De la commande à l’exploitation · Commande

   Scope the gaps against national duties

   The scope reads the existing network, its gaps against the national and regional commitments, the hazards each basin faces and the service budget. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns a station plan by type and place, the exchange design, a calibration plan and a price per station and per year, with the staff the service will need.

   Planifier un déploiement

7. De la commande à l’exploitation · Relevé

   Survey every candidate site

   Crews and service staff visit each candidate site: exposure and obstructions, ground and access, flood marks, land ownership, coverage of the backhaul options and the safety of the place. Each candidate is scored against the siting classes and the best is recorded with photographs and coordinates.

8. De la commande à l’exploitation · Autorisations

   Land, licences and agreements

   Land agreements with owners and communities, radio licences where needed, environmental approvals for river works and permissions for border or protected areas are gathered. Every approval is kept with the station record so the service can show its legal basis.

9. De la commande à l’exploitation · Fabrication

   Build and calibrate in the shop

   Station kits are built, every sensor is calibrated against references traceable to national standards, nodes are enrolled with their identities and the complete station runs together for days before it ships. Each kit is labelled with its station identifier. Test results travel with the kit to the site.

   Ouvrir le configurateur de stations

10. De la commande à l’exploitation · Installation

    Install to the siting classes

    Crews set masts and gauges at the surveyed positions, mount sensors at standard heights and exposures, fit solar power and backhaul, and photograph each part. River stations get their staff gauges and benchmarks surveyed to the national datum. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

11. De la commande à l’exploitation · Mise en service

    Mettre en service par rapport aux références

    Each station proves its identity, readings are compared with a travelling reference, reports reach the national system and the WMO exchange, and the metadata record is completed. The station enters service only when its first week of data passes the checks.

12. De la commande à l’exploitation · Exploitation

    Run the national network

    The service sees every station live: data completeness, flags, power and the next calibration due. Forecasters, hydrologists and climate staff receive the same checked data, neighbours receive it through the WMO exchange, and gaps are visible before they matter. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record.

13. De la commande à l’exploitation · Maintenance

    Calibrate, repair and train

    Sensors rotate through the calibration laboratory on the agreed plan, crews repair stations after storms and floods, software updates roll out in rings, and service staff are trained to run every task themselves. The register records each change. Spares and procedures travel with the crews.

    Réserver des services sur le terrain

14. Produits de données

    For forecasters, hydrologists and neighbours

    Forecasters and warning services receive hourly observations; hydrologists receive river levels and discharge; climate services receive long homogeneous records; managers and funders receive completeness reports; neighbouring services and global centres receive the national observations through the WMO exchange, each with its station metadata.

    Voir les produits de données

15. Preuves

    Built to the WMO rule book

    Stations are sited and calibrated to the WMO instrument guide, rivers are gauged to the hydrological practice guide, the network meets the global observing commitments and data move through the WMO Information System under the unified data policy. Every reading keeps its calibration and metadata.

    Référentiels

    WMO-No. 1160 · WMO-No. 8 · WMO-No. 168 · WMO-No. 1060 · WMO Unified Data Policy, Resolution 1 (Cg-Ext(2021))

16. Ce que vous obtenez

    Programmes de réseaux nationaux d’observation

    Construction, exploitation et transfert d’une infrastructure nationale d’observation comme infrastructure publique numérique, avec transfert des compétences et des registres. Fourni sous forme de construction-exploitation-transfert et services professionnels, pour governments, development lenders financing them. Scale: National. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Parler aux ventes

17. Étape suivante

    Planifier avec nous : réseaux nationaux météorologiques et hydrologiques

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for national weather and hydrology networks. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Planifier un déploiementOuvrir le configurateur de stationsOuvrir le Studio

01Le lieu et ses dangers

Où il fonctionne, et ce qui peut mal tourner.

Operating contextNational meteorological and hydrological services run surface stations that feed forecasts, warnings, water allocation and climate records. Countries commit to share a basic set of surface observations through the Global Basic Observing Network, station siting and instruments follow the WMO guide, and data move through the WMO Information System to every user.

Dangers

• Coverage gaps in mountains, borders and remote basins
• Stations that stop reporting for weeks before anyone visits
• Sensors drifting out of calibration between visits
• Missing metadata that makes long records unusable
• Floods and storms that destroy the stations needed most

02Ce qu’il faut mesurer

Quoi, où, à quelle fréquence, et selon quelles règles.

Chaque mesure indique où elle est prise, à quelle fréquence, et la norme ou la réglementation publique qui la fonde. Les numéros de la colonne des sources ouvrent la source citée plus bas.

03La pile d’observation

D’un module de base à un réseau.

Les mêmes briques à chaque échelle : des instruments et un nœud de base, un site avec sa radio, une flotte exploitée comme un tout, et un réseau fédéré sur le protocole ouvert.

1. 01

   Unité de base

   A station: reference weather sensors or a river gauge on a sensor hub with a small node, logging locally and reporting each hour.

   Build a station →
2. 02

   Site

   A site: the station, its mast or stilling well, solar power, a fence and the backhaul chosen for the place.

   Plan a site →
3. 03

   Parc

   The national fleet: hundreds of stations with one register, one calibration plan and one console at the service.

   Managed offers →
4. 04

   Réseau

   Neighbouring services, ministries and WMO centres exchange observations through the WMO Information System and open standards.

   The open protocol →

• 01Station météorologique automatique (classe OMM)
• 02Station météo compacte
• 03Limnimètre
• 04Passerelle de capteurs et d’instruments
• 05Micronœud (Nano)
• 06Modem/routeur cellulaire
• 07Terminal plat LEO
• 08Champ solaire
• 09Poteau

Radio et liaisons

Réseau mobile public

Most stations sit within coverage; cellular carries hourly reports at low cost.

Radio et liaisons

Satellite

Mountain, border and island stations without coverage report by satellite.

Radio et liaisons

LoRaWAN

Clusters of rain gauges around a hub station reach it over a local low-power network.

Edge computeEach station node checks values against physical limits and neighbours, flags gaps, stores a month of data locally and adds the metadata each report needs before it is sent.

PowerSolar panels and batteries sized for the darkest month keep stations running off grid; the node reports its own power so crews visit before a station fails.

04Comment ça marche

De l’instrument au produit.

Le parcours d’une observation, niveau par niveau, avec l’interface de chaque liaison et une nomenclature en dessous ; puis comment ce nœud devient un site, une flotte et des réseaux fédérés.

05De la commande à l’exploitation

Chaque étape, du premier appel à un site en service.

La même équipe et le même dossier portent le travail, du cadrage à la maintenance.

1. 01 Order

   Scope the gaps against national duties

   The scope reads the existing network, its gaps against the national and regional commitments, the hazards each basin faces and the service budget. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns a station plan by type and place, the exchange design, a calibration plan and a price per station and per year, with the staff the service will need. 2

2. 02 Survey

   Survey every candidate site

   Crews and service staff visit each candidate site: exposure and obstructions, ground and access, flood marks, land ownership, coverage of the backhaul options and the safety of the place. Each candidate is scored against the siting classes and the best is recorded with photographs and coordinates. 1

3. 03 Permits

   Land, licences and agreements

   Land agreements with owners and communities, radio licences where needed, environmental approvals for river works and permissions for border or protected areas are gathered. Every approval is kept with the station record so the service can show its legal basis.

4. 04 Build

   Build and calibrate in the shop

   Station kits are built, every sensor is calibrated against references traceable to national standards, nodes are enrolled with their identities and the complete station runs together for days before it ships. Each kit is labelled with its station identifier. Test results travel with the kit to the site.

5. 05 Install

   Install to the siting classes

   Crews set masts and gauges at the surveyed positions, mount sensors at standard heights and exposures, fit solar power and backhaul, and photograph each part. River stations get their staff gauges and benchmarks surveyed to the national datum. The site record is updated before the crew leaves. 13

6. 06 Commission

   Mettre en service par rapport aux références

   Each station proves its identity, readings are compared with a travelling reference, reports reach the national system and the WMO exchange, and the metadata record is completed. The station enters service only when its first week of data passes the checks. 4

7. 07 Operate

   Run the national network

   The service sees every station live: data completeness, flags, power and the next calibration due. Forecasters, hydrologists and climate staff receive the same checked data, neighbours receive it through the WMO exchange, and gaps are visible before they matter. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. 2

8. 08 Maintain

   Calibrate, repair and train

   Sensors rotate through the calibration laboratory on the agreed plan, crews repair stations after storms and floods, software updates roll out in rings, and service staff are trained to run every task themselves. The register records each change. Spares and procedures travel with the crews.

06Produits de données et intégration

Ce qu’il fournit, à qui, et dans quels systèmes.

Produits de données

• Hourly surface observationsForecasters and warning services
• River levels and dischargeHydrologists and water ministries
• Long homogeneous station recordsClimate services
• Network completeness and uptime reportsService management and funders
• Observations exchanged with WMO membersNeighbouring services and global centres

Intégration

• National data systemReports arrive in the service’s own database and forecasting systems in the formats it uses.
• WMO Information SystemObservations are published through the national node of WIS 2.0 for exchange.
• Station registerMetadata are kept in the national register and shared with the WMO station catalogue.

Exchanged through WMO WIS 2.0, OGC SensorThings API, SDI-12.

07Questions des acheteurs

Avant de cadrer votre projet.

Can our own staff run it?

Yes. Training and procedures are part of the programme and the service owns the network.

Do the stations meet WMO guidance?

They are sited, built and calibrated to the WMO instrument guide.

Will the data reach WMO?

Yes, through the national node of the WMO Information System.

What happens after a flood?

Damaged stations are found from their last reports and repaired in planned visits.

08Ressources

Les sources de cette page.

Normes, réglementations et lignes directrices publiques, citées là où elles s’appliquent. Chacune ne s’applique que dans sa juridiction ou son champ.

1. 1WMO-No. 8: Guide to Instruments and Methods of ObservationWorld Meteorological Organization
2. 2WMO-No. 1160: Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing SystemWorld Meteorological Organization
3. 3WMO-No. 168: Guide to Hydrological PracticesWorld Meteorological Organization
4. 4WMO-No. 1060: Manual on the WMO Information SystemWorld Meteorological Organization
5. 5WMO Unified Data Policy, Resolution 1 (Cg-Ext(2021))World Meteorological Organization · 2021

09Voir aussi

Cas d’usage et solutions.

10Administration publique : domaines spécialisés

Les autres domaines de cette industrie.

Présentez-nous le site.

Planifiez un déploiement, configurez une station, modélisez-la dans le Studio ou parlez à l’équipe commerciale. Le formulaire indique qui reçoit vos coordonnées.