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Un temps qui tient quand les satellites se taisent.

Réseaux électriques, réseaux de télécommunications, marchés financiers et diffuseurs dépendent d’un temps précis, venu surtout de la navigation par satellite. Brouillage, leurre ou panne de satellite peuvent le faire disparaître. Des horloges de référence à maintien, la surveillance de chaque source de temps et un temps distribué par les réseaux terrestres gardent les systèmes critiques à l’heure.

Industrie

Résilience civile

Mesures

4

Sources citées

4

1. Résilience civile · Intégrité du temps

   Hidden dependence on satellites

   Grids, telecom networks, markets and broadcasters all need precise time, and most take it from satellite navigation. Jamming near a port, spoofing that moves time silently or a satellite system fault can take it from every receiver at once. Governments ask operators to understand the dependence and plan for its loss.

2. Ce qui est mesuré

   Every source compared

   Timing receivers watch satellite signal quality and interference at each reference site. Reference clocks with holdover oscillators keep time independently, and precision time protocol clocks at substations and cell sites measure the time error that actually reaches the systems that use it.

   Instruments

   Timing receivers · Reference clocks · Network time error probes

3. Le nœud de base

   Trust decided at the site

   The node compares satellite time with the reference clock and terrestrial time each second. Sudden offsets and degraded signals mark jamming or spoofing; the clock is switched to holdover, the decision is logged, and the remaining time within limits is reported to the operator.

4. Radio et liaisons

   Time over the network

   Time travels over the operator’s fibre with the precision time protocol, so delivery points do not depend on their own satellite receivers. Microwave carries time to sites without fibre, with its delay measured and corrected. Monitoring travels through a security gateway.

   Liaisons

   Fibre · Microwave

5. Comment ça marche

   From jamming to holdover

   A vehicle with a jammer parks near a substation. The timing receiver’s signal quality collapses and its time jumps; the node rejects it, the reference clock holds, and substations keep receiving time over fibre. The operator sees the event, the remaining holdover and the location of the interference.

6. De la commande à l’exploitation · Commande

   Map the timing dependence

   The scope maps every system that needs time, where its time comes from, how accurate it must be and what happens when it is lost. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the reference sites, holdover design, monitoring and delivery over the network, and a price per site and per year.

   Planifier un déploiement

7. De la commande à l’exploitation · Relevé

   Survey for interference

   Crews survey candidate reference sites for sky view, nearby roads and ports where jamming is common, secure rooms and power, and the network paths that will carry time. A spectrum scan records interference at each candidate. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built.

8. De la commande à l’exploitation · Autorisations

   Security and change control

   Reference sites are placed in secure rooms under the operator’s access rules, and connecting timing to production networks goes through change control. Interference found during the survey is reported to the spectrum regulator, and every approval is kept with the site record.

9. De la commande à l’exploitation · Fabrication

   Build and characterise clocks

   Reference clocks are characterised in the shop for their holdover drift, receivers are tested against simulated jamming and spoofing, and nodes are enrolled with their identities. Every kit runs together for days so its behaviour is known before it ships.

   Ouvrir le configurateur de stations

10. De la commande à l’exploitation · Installation

    Install antennas and clocks

    Crews mount antennas where they see the sky but not the road, install clocks, receivers and nodes in secure rooms, and connect time to the network’s precision time protocol chain. Cable delays are measured and recorded for each antenna. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work.

11. De la commande à l’exploitation · Mise en service

    Commission against a time laboratory

    Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Time is compared with a traceable reference, holdover is tested by removing the antenna for a planned period, and time error is measured at delivery points along the network. Results are recorded for each site.

12. De la commande à l’exploitation · Exploitation

    Watch every source

    The operator sees every reference site, its sources, signal quality, interference events and time error at delivery points. When jamming appears, clocks hold and the view shows how long they will stay within limits. Every event is kept on record.

13. De la commande à l’exploitation · Maintenance

    Retest holdover

    Holdover is retested on the agreed plan, oscillators are replaced as they age, software updates roll out in rings, and interference patterns are reviewed with the regulator. Every change, test and event is kept with the site record. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.

    Réserver des services sur le terrain

14. Produits de données

    For operations, security and planners

    Network and grid operations receive time error across the network; security teams and spectrum regulators receive jamming and spoofing events; operations receive holdover time remaining during interference; resilience planners receive the timing dependence map, each tied to the site and time.

    Voir les produits de données

15. Preuves

    Time you can prove

    Reference clocks meet the primary reference clock recommendation, time is carried over the telecom timing profile of the precision time protocol, and the programme answers the government call to use satellite timing responsibly. Every comparison, holdover and interference event is logged and kept.

    Référentiels

    ITU-T G.8272 · ITU-T G.8275.1 · IEEE 1588 · Executive Order 13905

16. Ce que vous obtenez

    Intégrité de la synchronisation et du positionnement

    Des horloges maîtresses PTP avec maintien de l’heure GNSS, détection de brouillage et surveillance de la synchronisation pour les réseaux et les instruments. Fourni sous forme de matériel + logiciel et service géré, pour carriers, utilities, financial infrastructure, observatories. Scale: National timing fabrics. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Parler aux ventes

17. Étape suivante

    Planifier avec nous : intégrité du temps

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for timing integrity. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Planifier un déploiementOuvrir le configurateur de stationsOuvrir le Studio

01Le lieu et ses dangers

Où il fonctionne, et ce qui peut mal tourner.

Operating contextCritical infrastructure has grown dependent on satellite time. Governments have asked operators to understand that dependence and to use timing responsibly; primary reference clocks and telecom timing profiles are defined in international recommendations; and precision time is carried over networks by the precision time protocol.

Dangers

• Jamming near roads, ports and borders
• Spoofing that moves time without raising an alarm
• Satellite system faults affecting every receiver at once
• Clocks that drift silently after losing their reference
• Timing chains no one has mapped end to end

02Ce qu’il faut mesurer

Quoi, où, à quelle fréquence, et selon quelles règles.

Chaque mesure indique où elle est prise, à quelle fréquence, et la norme ou la réglementation publique qui la fonde. Les numéros de la colonne des sources ouvrent la source citée plus bas.

03La pile d’observation

D’un module de base à un réseau.

Les mêmes briques à chaque échelle : des instruments et un nœud de base, un site avec sa radio, une flotte exploitée comme un tout, et un réseau fédéré sur le protocole ouvert.

1. 01

   Unité de base

   A timing point: a timing receiver, a reference clock with a holdover oscillator and a node that compares every source.

   Build a station →
2. 02

   Site

   A site: the timing point in a secure room, antennas placed against interference and time delivered over the operator’s network.

   Plan a site →
3. 03

   Parc

   Every timing site of an operator monitored as one fleet, with one view of time error across the network.

   Managed offers →
4. 04

   Réseau

   Operators, time laboratories and regulators compare time across organisations and share interference reports through open standards.

   The open protocol →

• 01Station de référence GNSS (RTK)
• 02Nœud de périphérie (Wedge)
• 03Passerelle zéro confiance
• 04Terminal fibre
• 05Faisceau hertzien point à point
• 06Abri

Radio et liaisons

Fibre

Time travels over the operator’s fibre with the precision time protocol, independent of satellites at the delivery point.

Radio et liaisons

Faisceau hertzien point à point

Microwave carries time to sites without fibre, with its delay measured and corrected.

Edge computeThe node compares satellite time with the reference clock and terrestrial time, detects jamming and spoofing from signal quality and sudden offsets, switches the clock to holdover when the satellite source is untrusted, and logs every decision.

PowerTiming sites run from protected DC with batteries that outlast the holdover period, because a clock that loses power loses its time.

04Comment ça marche

De l’instrument au produit.

Le parcours d’une observation, niveau par niveau, avec l’interface de chaque liaison et une nomenclature en dessous ; puis comment ce nœud devient un site, une flotte et des réseaux fédérés.

05De la commande à l’exploitation

Chaque étape, du premier appel à un site en service.

La même équipe et le même dossier portent le travail, du cadrage à la maintenance.

1. 01 Order

   Map the timing dependence

   The scope maps every system that needs time, where its time comes from, how accurate it must be and what happens when it is lost. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the reference sites, holdover design, monitoring and delivery over the network, and a price per site and per year. 1

2. 02 Survey

   Survey for interference

   Crews survey candidate reference sites for sky view, nearby roads and ports where jamming is common, secure rooms and power, and the network paths that will carry time. A spectrum scan records interference at each candidate. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built.

3. 03 Permits

   Security and change control

   Reference sites are placed in secure rooms under the operator’s access rules, and connecting timing to production networks goes through change control. Interference found during the survey is reported to the spectrum regulator, and every approval is kept with the site record.

4. 04 Build

   Build and characterise clocks

   Reference clocks are characterised in the shop for their holdover drift, receivers are tested against simulated jamming and spoofing, and nodes are enrolled with their identities. Every kit runs together for days so its behaviour is known before it ships. 2

5. 05 Install

   Install antennas and clocks

   Crews mount antennas where they see the sky but not the road, install clocks, receivers and nodes in secure rooms, and connect time to the network’s precision time protocol chain. Cable delays are measured and recorded for each antenna. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work. 4

6. 06 Commission

   Commission against a time laboratory

   Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Time is compared with a traceable reference, holdover is tested by removing the antenna for a planned period, and time error is measured at delivery points along the network. Results are recorded for each site. 3

7. 07 Operate

   Watch every source

   The operator sees every reference site, its sources, signal quality, interference events and time error at delivery points. When jamming appears, clocks hold and the view shows how long they will stay within limits. Every event is kept on record. 1

8. 08 Maintain

   Retest holdover

   Holdover is retested on the agreed plan, oscillators are replaced as they age, software updates roll out in rings, and interference patterns are reviewed with the regulator. Every change, test and event is kept with the site record. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life. 2

06Produits de données et intégration

Ce qu’il fournit, à qui, et dans quels systèmes.

Produits de données

• Time error across the networkNetwork and grid operations
• Jamming and spoofing eventsSecurity teams and spectrum regulators
• Holdover time remainingOperations during interference
• Timing dependence mapResilience planners

Intégration

• Network managementTiming alarms reach the operator’s network management system through its own interfaces.
• Grid controlSubstation clocks receive time over the network for protection and measurement.
• RegulatorInterference events are exported for reporting.

Exchanged through IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP with NTS, ITU-T G.8275.1.

07Questions des acheteurs

Avant de cadrer votre projet.

What happens when satellites are jammed?

Clocks hold time and the view shows how long they stay within limits.

Can it detect spoofing?

Sudden offsets between independent sources raise an alarm.

Do we need new fibre?

No. Time travels over the existing network where it supports the protocol.

How long does holdover last?

It depends on the clock chosen, measured before installation.

08Ressources

Les sources de cette page.

Normes, réglementations et lignes directrices publiques, citées là où elles s’appliquent. Chacune ne s’applique que dans sa juridiction ou son champ.

1. 1Executive Order 13905: Strengthening National Resilience Through Responsible Use of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing ServicesUnited States Federal Register · 2020
2. 2ITU-T G.8272: Timing characteristics of primary reference time clocksInternational Telecommunication Union
3. 3ITU-T G.8275.1: Precision time protocol telecom profile for phase/time synchronization with full timing support from the networkInternational Telecommunication Union
4. 4IEEE 1588: Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control SystemsIEEE Standards Association

09Voir aussi

Cas d’usage et solutions.

10Résilience civile : domaines spécialisés

Les autres domaines de cette industrie.

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