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Les émissions, vérifiées par l’atmosphère.

Les pays et les villes déclarent leurs émissions à partir d’inventaires. L’atmosphère tient ses propres comptes : le dioxyde de carbone et le méthane, mesurés avec précision sur de hautes tours et à travers les villes et rattachés aux échelles d’étalonnage mondiales, montrent si les émissions déclarées et les réductions sont réelles.

Industrie

Climat

Mesures

4

Sources citées

6

1. Climat · Surveillance des gaz à effet de serre

   The atmosphere keeps its own account

   Countries and cities report emissions from inventories built on activity data and factors. The atmosphere keeps a second, independent account. Inventory guidelines now recognise atmospheric measurements as a check, and the global greenhouse gas watch is building the operational system to make that check routine.

2. Ce qui est mesuré

   Gases at several heights

   Precision analysers measure carbon dioxide and methane drawn from inlets at several heights on tall towers and rooftops. Reference gases tied to the global scales calibrate them on a fixed sequence, and weather sensors record wind, temperature and the conditions that shape the boundary layer.

   Instruments

   Precision gas analysers · Calibration gases · Weather sensors

3. Le nœud de base

   Calibrated at the station

   The node runs the calibration sequence, applies each calibration to the readings, flags local contamination from wind direction and spikes, and computes hourly values with their uncertainty, so every number sent is already tied to the global scales and carries its own quality flags.

4. Radio et liaisons

   Fibre in town, cellular in the country

   Tall towers and rooftops in cities usually have fibre, which carries data and remote diagnostics. Cellular is the second path and the only one at many rural towers. Data reach the network’s data centre and the global centres in their formats.

   Liaisons

   Fibre · Réseau mobile public

5. Comment ça marche

   From a tower to an inventory check

   Methane rises at two towers downwind of a landfill region every night. The inversion attributes more emission to the region than the inventory reports. The agency investigates, finds an unreported source, and the next inventory is corrected, with the atmospheric evidence on record.

6. De la commande à l’exploitation · Commande

   Scope the question

   The scope starts from the question: a national inventory check, a city’s emissions or a facility region. It reads existing stations, towers and partners. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns a station plan, calibration design, data processing and a price per station and per year.

   Planifier un déploiement

7. De la commande à l’exploitation · Relevé

   Survey towers and rooftops

   Crews survey candidate towers and rooftops: height, footprint over the area of interest, nearby local sources, room for a shelter, power and backhaul. Footprints are modelled from local weather to choose the best inlets. Findings are recorded with drawings. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow.

8. De la commande à l’exploitation · Autorisations

   Tower owners and gases

   Tower owners agree to inlets and shelters under their climbing and safety rules, building owners approve rooftop work, and storage of high-pressure calibration cylinders follows gas safety rules. Every agreement is kept with the station record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.

9. De la commande à l’exploitation · Fabrication

   Build and calibrate

   Analysers are tested in the laboratory against reference gases traceable to the global scales, inlet systems are leak-tested, nodes are configured with the calibration sequence, enrolled with their identities and run together for weeks before shipping. Test results travel with the kit to the site.

   Ouvrir le configurateur de stations

10. De la commande à l’exploitation · Installation

    Install inlets and shelter

    Crews run inlet lines up the tower to several heights, install the shelter with the analyser, calibration gases, weather sensors and node, and connect power and backhaul. Every line, height and part is recorded with photographs. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

11. De la commande à l’exploitation · Mise en service

    Commission against the scale

    Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Target gases of known value are measured blind, inlets are leak-checked again, and results are compared with a travelling standard. The station enters the network when its compatibility meets the agreed goals. Results are signed and kept with the site record.

12. De la commande à l’exploitation · Exploitation

    Check emissions continuously

    Scientists and agencies see every station’s readings, calibrations and flags. Atmospheric inversions turn the network’s data into emissions estimates each month, and they are compared with the inventory, with every difference explained or investigated. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record.

13. De la commande à l’exploitation · Maintenance

    Keep the scale

    Calibration gases are replaced before they run low and re-tied to the global scales, analysers are serviced on the agreed plan, software updates roll out in rings, and comparisons with neighbouring stations catch drift. Every change is kept with the station record.

    Réserver des services sur le terrain

14. Produits de données

    For scientists and inventory agencies

    Scientists and global centres receive calibrated greenhouse gas records; inventory agencies and cities receive atmospheric emissions estimates; network managers receive station quality reports; governments and the public receive policy evaluation reports, each tied to its stations, its calibration history and the period it covers.

    Voir les produits de données

15. Preuves

    Traceable to the global scales

    Measurements meet the compatibility goals of the global atmosphere watch experts and the research infrastructure station specifications, estimates follow the inventory guidelines’ use of atmospheric data, and results support the transparency framework of the Paris Agreement. Every reading keeps its calibration history.

    Référentiels

    GAW Report No. 255 · ICOS Atmosphere Station Specifications · 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines · Paris Agreement, Article 13

16. Ce que vous obtenez

    Surveillance environnementale et des conditions de permis

    Surveillance des émissions, de la qualité de l’eau, du bruit et des poussières pour les conditions de permis, avec étalonnage traçable et dossiers de preuves. Fourni sous forme de service géré et licence de données, pour industrial operators, municipalities, regulators. Scale: Site to portfolio. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Parler aux ventes

17. Étape suivante

    Planifier avec nous : surveillance des gaz à effet de serre

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for greenhouse gas monitoring. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Planifier un déploiementOuvrir le configurateur de stationsOuvrir le Studio

01Le lieu et ses dangers

Où il fonctionne, et ce qui peut mal tourner.

Operating contextCountries report greenhouse gas inventories under the transparency framework of the Paris Agreement, compiled with international inventory guidelines that now recognise atmospheric measurements as a check. Measurements must meet the compatibility goals set by the global atmosphere watch experts, research infrastructures publish station specifications, and the global greenhouse gas watch is building an operational system on them.

Dangers

• Measurements not tied to the global calibration scales
• Local sources near the inlet distorting background readings
• Analysers drifting between calibrations
• Gaps when cylinders run out or pumps fail
• Emissions estimates that no one checks against the air

02Ce qu’il faut mesurer

Quoi, où, à quelle fréquence, et selon quelles règles.

Chaque mesure indique où elle est prise, à quelle fréquence, et la norme ou la réglementation publique qui la fonde. Les numéros de la colonne des sources ouvrent la source citée plus bas.

03La pile d’observation

D’un module de base à un réseau.

Les mêmes briques à chaque échelle : des instruments et un nœud de base, un site avec sa radio, une flotte exploitée comme un tout, et un réseau fédéré sur le protocole ouvert.

1. 01

   Unité de base

   A station: a precision gas analyser with its inlet system and calibration gases, weather sensors and an edge node.

   Build a station →
2. 02

   Site

   A site: the station on a tall tower or rooftop, with a shelter, conditioned power and a backhaul.

   Plan a site →
3. 03

   Parc

   A national or city network of stations run to one calibration plan, with one data centre.

   Managed offers →
4. 04

   Réseau

   Networks exchange data with global centres and research infrastructures, tied to the global calibration scales.

   The open protocol →

• 01Moniteur de qualité de l’air
• 02Station météo compacte
• 03Passerelle de capteurs et d’instruments
• 04Nœud de périphérie (Wedge)
• 05Terminal fibre
• 06Modem/routeur cellulaire
• 07Pylône à treillis
• 08Abri

Radio et liaisons

Fibre

Tall towers and rooftops in cities usually have fibre; data and remote diagnostics ride it.

Radio et liaisons

Réseau mobile public

Cellular is the second path and the only one at rural towers.

Edge computeThe node runs the calibration sequence, applies the calibrations to every reading, flags local contamination from wind and spikes, and computes hourly values with their uncertainty before sending them.

PowerMains with an uninterruptible supply; the analyser and inlet system need stable power and temperature, so the shelter is conditioned.

04Comment ça marche

De l’instrument au produit.

Le parcours d’une observation, niveau par niveau, avec l’interface de chaque liaison et une nomenclature en dessous ; puis comment ce nœud devient un site, une flotte et des réseaux fédérés.

05De la commande à l’exploitation

Chaque étape, du premier appel à un site en service.

La même équipe et le même dossier portent le travail, du cadrage à la maintenance.

1. 01 Order

   Scope the question

   The scope starts from the question: a national inventory check, a city’s emissions or a facility region. It reads existing stations, towers and partners. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns a station plan, calibration design, data processing and a price per station and per year. 46

2. 02 Survey

   Survey towers and rooftops

   Crews survey candidate towers and rooftops: height, footprint over the area of interest, nearby local sources, room for a shelter, power and backhaul. Footprints are modelled from local weather to choose the best inlets. Findings are recorded with drawings. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow. 2

3. 03 Permits

   Tower owners and gases

   Tower owners agree to inlets and shelters under their climbing and safety rules, building owners approve rooftop work, and storage of high-pressure calibration cylinders follows gas safety rules. Every agreement is kept with the station record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.

4. 04 Build

   Build and calibrate

   Analysers are tested in the laboratory against reference gases traceable to the global scales, inlet systems are leak-tested, nodes are configured with the calibration sequence, enrolled with their identities and run together for weeks before shipping. Test results travel with the kit to the site. 1

5. 05 Install

   Install inlets and shelter

   Crews run inlet lines up the tower to several heights, install the shelter with the analyser, calibration gases, weather sensors and node, and connect power and backhaul. Every line, height and part is recorded with photographs. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

6. 06 Commission

   Commission against the scale

   Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Target gases of known value are measured blind, inlets are leak-checked again, and results are compared with a travelling standard. The station enters the network when its compatibility meets the agreed goals. Results are signed and kept with the site record. 12

7. 07 Operate

   Check emissions continuously

   Scientists and agencies see every station’s readings, calibrations and flags. Atmospheric inversions turn the network’s data into emissions estimates each month, and they are compared with the inventory, with every difference explained or investigated. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. 5

8. 08 Maintain

   Keep the scale

   Calibration gases are replaced before they run low and re-tied to the global scales, analysers are serviced on the agreed plan, software updates roll out in rings, and comparisons with neighbouring stations catch drift. Every change is kept with the station record. 1

06Produits de données et intégration

Ce qu’il fournit, à qui, et dans quels systèmes.

Produits de données

• Calibrated greenhouse gas recordsScientists and global centres
• Atmospheric emissions estimatesInventory agencies and cities
• Station quality reportsGestionnaires de réseau
• Policy evaluation reportsGovernments and the public

Intégration

• National inventoryAtmospheric estimates are compared with the inventory in the agency’s own tools.
• Global centresData are submitted to global data centres in their formats.
• City climate plansUrban estimates feed the city’s climate reporting.

Exchanged through WMO WIS 2.0, netCDF-CF, OGC SensorThings API.

07Questions des acheteurs

Avant de cadrer votre projet.

Can it check our inventory?

Yes, through atmospheric inversions compared with reported emissions.

Are measurements traceable?

Yes, to the global calibration scales through reference gases.

How many stations do we need?

It depends on the question; the scope models it.

Can it see a single facility?

With inlets downwind and enough data, regional sources can be resolved.

08Ressources

Les sources de cette page.

Normes, réglementations et lignes directrices publiques, citées là où elles s’appliquent. Chacune ne s’applique que dans sa juridiction ou son champ.

1. 1GAW Report No. 255: 20th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2019)World Meteorological Organization · 2020
2. 2ICOS Atmosphere Station SpecificationsIntegrated Carbon Observation System
3. 3WMO-No. 8: Guide to Instruments and Methods of ObservationWorld Meteorological Organization
4. 42019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change · 2019
5. 5Global Greenhouse Gas Watch (G3W)World Meteorological Organization
6. 6Paris Agreement, Article 13: Enhanced transparency frameworkUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change · 2015

09Voir aussi

Cas d’usage et solutions.

10Climat : domaines spécialisés

Les autres domaines de cette industrie.

Présentez-nous le site.

Planifiez un déploiement, configurez une station, modélisez-la dans le Studio ou parlez à l’équipe commerciale. Le formulaire indique qui reçoit vos coordonnées.