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Ce que la terre respire, mesuré.

Forêts, cultures et zones humides absorbent et libèrent du carbone et de l’eau à chaque heure. Les tours de covariance turbulente mesurent cet échange directement, dix ou vingt fois par seconde, et le transforment en flux dont ont besoin les bilans carbone, les modèles climatiques et les gestionnaires de terres.

Industrie

Climat

Mesures

4

Sources citées

3

1. Climat · Flux de carbone et d’eau des écosystèmes

   The land breathes

   Forests, croplands and wetlands take up and release carbon and water every hour, and the balance decides whether a landscape is a sink or a source. Eddy covariance towers measure that exchange directly and continuously, and fluxes are essential climate variables in the global observing plan.

2. Ce qui est mesuré

   Wind and gas, twenty times a second

   A sonic anemometer and a fast gas analyser above the canopy measure wind and gas ten to twenty times a second. Radiation and weather sensors measure the energy arriving, and soil profiles across the footprint measure temperature, moisture and heat flux below ground.

   Instruments

   Sonic anemometer · Fast gas analyser · Radiation · Soil profiles

3. Le nœud de base

   Fluxes computed at the tower

   The node records the high-rate data, computes half-hourly fluxes with the standard corrections, flags rain, low turbulence and sensor faults, and sends fluxes and diagnostics, while keeping the raw data so everything can be reprocessed when methods improve or other sites are compared.

4. Radio et liaisons

   Fluxes from the forest

   Where coverage reaches the site, cellular carries half-hourly fluxes and diagnostics; remote forest and wetland sites send by satellite. Soil plots across the footprint reach the tower over a low-power radio, so no cables cross or disturb the land being measured.

   Liaisons

   Réseau mobile public · Satellite · LoRaWAN

5. Comment ça marche

   From a gust to a carbon budget

   A summer afternoon: the forest takes up carbon while the sun is high. Each half hour the node computes the flux; in a drought week uptake falls and respiration rises. Gap-filled fluxes add up to the year’s budget, and the forest manager sees what the drought cost.

6. De la commande à l’exploitation · Commande

   Scope the land and the question

   The scope reads the land types, the carbon or water question, existing towers and the partners who will use the data. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the site plan, instrument set, processing to community methods and a price per site and per year.

   Planifier un déploiement

7. De la commande à l’exploitation · Relevé

   Survey for uniform land

   Crews and scientists walk candidate sites for uniform vegetation in the prevailing wind, canopy height, access for the tower, power and backhaul. Footprints are modelled from local wind. Findings are recorded with drawings and photographs. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built.

8. De la commande à l’exploitation · Autorisations

   Land, permits and wildlife

   Land owners and forest or conservation authorities approve the tower and plots, tower building follows local rules, and work avoids nesting seasons. Every approval is kept with the site record. No crew goes to site before its approvals are in place.

9. De la commande à l’exploitation · Fabrication

   Build and intercompare

   Sonic anemometers and gas analysers are calibrated and intercompared, radiation sensors checked, soil probes prepared, nodes configured with the processing method and enrolled with their identities. The system runs together before shipping. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.

   Ouvrir le configurateur de stations

10. De la commande à l’exploitation · Installation

    Raise the tower

    Crews raise the tower above the canopy, mount the fast sensors, radiation and weather sensors at their heights, install soil profiles across the footprint, and fit power and backhaul. Every height and orientation is recorded. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work.

11. De la commande à l’exploitation · Mise en service

    Commission the fluxes

    Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Energy balance closure, sensor diagnostics and fluxes are checked over the first weeks, the gas analyser is calibrated in the field and data are compared with network standards. The site enters the network when checks pass.

12. De la commande à l’exploitation · Exploitation

    Measure every half hour

    Scientists see fluxes, diagnostics and gaps live. Carbon and water budgets are built from gap-filled half-hourly fluxes, land managers see how drought or harvest changed uptake, and every value keeps its processing record. Every alert and action is kept on the record.

13. De la commande à l’exploitation · Maintenance

    Clean, calibrate, reprocess

    Sensors are cleaned and calibrated on site visits, gas analysers recalibrated on the agreed plan, raw data reprocessed when methods improve, and software updates roll out in rings. Every change is kept with the site record. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.

    Réserver des services sur le terrain

14. Produits de données

    For scientists and land managers

    Scientists and flux networks receive half-hourly carbon, water and energy fluxes; land managers and carbon programmes receive annual budgets; forest and farm managers receive drought and disturbance impacts; climate and land surface modellers receive evaluation data, each with its full processing record.

    Voir les produits de données

15. Preuves

    Community methods, on record

    Stations follow research infrastructure ecosystem specifications, fluxes and soil variables are reported as essential climate variables, and meteorology follows the instrument guide. Every flux keeps its raw data, corrections and flags, so results can be reproduced and compared across sites.

    Référentiels

    ICOS Ecosystem Station Specifications · GCOS-244 · WMO-No. 8

16. Ce que vous obtenez

    Services de sites de recherche et d’instruments

    Alimentation, connectivité, synchronisation et exploitation de sites pour des télescopes, des tours de flux et des stations de recherche. Fourni sous forme de service géré et services professionnels, pour universities, research infrastructures, space agencies. Scale: Global research sites. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Parler aux ventes

17. Étape suivante

    Planifier avec nous : flux de carbone et d’eau des écosystèmes

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Planifier un déploiementOuvrir le configurateur de stationsOuvrir le Studio

01Le lieu et ses dangers

Où il fonctionne, et ce qui peut mal tourner.

Operating contextEcosystem fluxes are measured by eddy covariance to the station specifications of research infrastructures, and fluxes, soil carbon and moisture are essential climate variables in the global observing plan. Measurements need fast sensors, careful siting over uniform land, continuous power and processing that follows community methods.

Dangers

• Sensors fouled by rain, dust, insects and ice
• Power failures that break the high-rate record
• Towers sited where the land is not uniform
• Processing choices that make sites incomparable
• Gaps that bias annual carbon totals

02Ce qu’il faut mesurer

Quoi, où, à quelle fréquence, et selon quelles règles.

Chaque mesure indique où elle est prise, à quelle fréquence, et la norme ou la réglementation publique qui la fonde. Les numéros de la colonne des sources ouvrent la source citée plus bas.

03La pile d’observation

D’un module de base à un réseau.

Les mêmes briques à chaque échelle : des instruments et un nœud de base, un site avec sa radio, une flotte exploitée comme un tout, et un réseau fédéré sur le protocole ouvert.

1. 01

   Unité de base

   A flux system: a sonic anemometer and fast gas analyser, radiation and weather sensors and soil probes on an edge node.

   Build a station →
2. 02

   Site

   A site: the tower above the canopy, soil plots, solar power with batteries and a backhaul.

   Plan a site →
3. 03

   Parc

   A network of flux sites across land types, processed with one method and one database.

   Managed offers →
4. 04

   Réseau

   Sites share fluxes with research infrastructures and global flux networks in standard formats.

   The open protocol →

• 01Station météo compacte
• 02Sonde de sol
• 03Passerelle de capteurs et d’instruments
• 04Nœud de périphérie (Wedge)
• 05Modem/routeur cellulaire
• 06Terminal plat LEO
• 07Champ solaire
• 08Pylône à treillis

Radio et liaisons

Réseau mobile public

Where coverage reaches the site, cellular carries half-hourly fluxes and diagnostics.

Radio et liaisons

Satellite

Remote forest and wetland sites send their data by satellite.

Radio et liaisons

LoRaWAN

Soil plots across the footprint reach the tower over a low-power link.

Edge computeThe node records the high-rate data, computes half-hourly fluxes with standard corrections, flags rain, low turbulence and sensor faults, and sends fluxes and diagnostics while keeping the raw data for reprocessing.

PowerSolar panels and batteries sized for the cloudiest weeks, or mains where it reaches; the gas analyser has the largest load and its heaters run only when needed.

04Comment ça marche

De l’instrument au produit.

Le parcours d’une observation, niveau par niveau, avec l’interface de chaque liaison et une nomenclature en dessous ; puis comment ce nœud devient un site, une flotte et des réseaux fédérés.

05De la commande à l’exploitation

Chaque étape, du premier appel à un site en service.

La même équipe et le même dossier portent le travail, du cadrage à la maintenance.

1. 01 Order

   Scope the land and the question

   The scope reads the land types, the carbon or water question, existing towers and the partners who will use the data. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the site plan, instrument set, processing to community methods and a price per site and per year. 1

2. 02 Survey

   Survey for uniform land

   Crews and scientists walk candidate sites for uniform vegetation in the prevailing wind, canopy height, access for the tower, power and backhaul. Footprints are modelled from local wind. Findings are recorded with drawings and photographs. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built. 1

3. 03 Permits

   Land, permits and wildlife

   Land owners and forest or conservation authorities approve the tower and plots, tower building follows local rules, and work avoids nesting seasons. Every approval is kept with the site record. No crew goes to site before its approvals are in place.

4. 04 Build

   Build and intercompare

   Sonic anemometers and gas analysers are calibrated and intercompared, radiation sensors checked, soil probes prepared, nodes configured with the processing method and enrolled with their identities. The system runs together before shipping. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together. 1

5. 05 Install

   Raise the tower

   Crews raise the tower above the canopy, mount the fast sensors, radiation and weather sensors at their heights, install soil profiles across the footprint, and fit power and backhaul. Every height and orientation is recorded. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work.

6. 06 Commission

   Commission the fluxes

   Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Energy balance closure, sensor diagnostics and fluxes are checked over the first weeks, the gas analyser is calibrated in the field and data are compared with network standards. The site enters the network when checks pass. 12

7. 07 Operate

   Measure every half hour

   Scientists see fluxes, diagnostics and gaps live. Carbon and water budgets are built from gap-filled half-hourly fluxes, land managers see how drought or harvest changed uptake, and every value keeps its processing record. Every alert and action is kept on the record. 2

8. 08 Maintain

   Clean, calibrate, reprocess

   Sensors are cleaned and calibrated on site visits, gas analysers recalibrated on the agreed plan, raw data reprocessed when methods improve, and software updates roll out in rings. Every change is kept with the site record. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.

06Produits de données et intégration

Ce qu’il fournit, à qui, et dans quels systèmes.

Produits de données

• Half-hourly carbon, water and energy fluxesScientists and flux networks
• Annual carbon budgetsLand managers and carbon programmes
• Drought and disturbance impactsForest and farm managers
• Model evaluation dataClimate and land surface modellers

Intégration

• Research infrastructuresFluxes are submitted in the infrastructure’s formats and processing.
• Carbon programmesBudgets support measurement, reporting and verification.
• Land managementUptake trends reach forest and farm planning tools.

Exchanged through netCDF-CF, OGC SensorThings API, MQTT.

07Questions des acheteurs

Avant de cadrer votre projet.

How big an area does a tower see?

Its footprint, modelled from wind, typically covers the uniform land around it.

Can it run off grid?

Yes, on solar and batteries sized for the site.

Are fluxes comparable with other networks?

Processing follows the community methods.

Can it support carbon credits?

It measures the ecosystem; crediting rules are set by each programme.

08Ressources

Les sources de cette page.

Normes, réglementations et lignes directrices publiques, citées là où elles s’appliquent. Chacune ne s’applique que dans sa juridiction ou son champ.

1. 1ICOS Ecosystem Station SpecificationsIntegrated Carbon Observation System
2. 2GCOS-244: The 2022 GCOS Implementation PlanGlobal Climate Observing System · 2022
3. 3WMO-No. 8: Guide to Instruments and Methods of ObservationWorld Meteorological Organization

09Voir aussi

Cas d’usage et solutions.

10Climat : domaines spécialisés

Les autres domaines de cette industrie.

Présentez-nous le site.

Planifiez un déploiement, configurez une station, modélisez-la dans le Studio ou parlez à l’équipe commerciale. Le formulaire indique qui reçoit vos coordonnées.