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Le niveau de la mer, mesuré au millimètre et rattaché à la terre.

Les submersions côtières viennent d’une surcote qui s’ajoute à la marée, elle-même sur une mer qui monte. Les marégraphes radar mesurent l’eau chaque minute, un GNSS sur le marégraphe mesure si le sol lui-même s’affaisse, et des capteurs météo expliquent la surcote. La même station sert aujourd’hui aux alertes de tempête et pour des décennies à la série du niveau de la mer.

Industrie

Océans

Mesures

4

Sources citées

4

1. Océans · Niveau de la mer et ondes de tempête

   Surge on tide on a rising sea

   Coastal flooding happens when a storm surge rides on a high tide, on top of a sea that is slowly rising, along coasts where the land may be sinking. Warning centres need the water level every minute; planners need decades of record they can trust.

2. Ce qui est mesuré

   Water, land and weather

   A radar gauge over open water measures sea level every minute, with a pressure gauge below the lowest tide as backup. A GNSS receiver on the structure measures whether the land is moving, and weather sensors measure the pressure and wind that drive the surge.

   Instruments

   Radar tide gauge · Pressure gauge · GNSS · Weather sensors

3. Le nœud de base

   Surge, computed at the gauge

   The node predicts the tide, computes the surge as observed minus predicted and raises alerts at thresholds. When a sudden change suggests a tsunami, it switches to rapid sampling, and it keeps the datum record so every value stays tied to the benchmarks.

4. Radio et liaisons

   Through the storm

   Harbour gauges send one-minute data over cellular to warning centres. A satellite path keeps data flowing when storms take down terrestrial networks, and batteries carry the station through the power cuts that come with the surge it measures. When one path fails, the other carries the data.

   Liaisons

   Réseau mobile public · Satellite

5. Comment ça marche

   From a deepening low to a flood warning

   A deep low tracks toward the coast at spring tide. Gauges show the surge building hours ahead of high water. The warning centre issues a coastal flood warning, harbour gates close, and the peak water level is recorded against the benchmarks for the next design review.

6. De la commande à l’exploitation · Commande

   Scope the coast and its duties

   The scope reads the coast’s flood history, warning duties, existing gauges and their datums, and global network commitments. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the gauge plan, datum design, warning integration and a price per station and per year. The scope is agreed before any site work begins.

   Planifier un déploiement

7. De la commande à l’exploitation · Relevé

   Survey piers and benchmarks

   Crews survey candidate piers and walls for open water at all tides, structural stability, benchmarks nearby, sky view for GNSS, power and backhaul. Findings are recorded with drawings and photographs. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built.

8. De la commande à l’exploitation · Autorisations

   Harbour and coastal consent

   Harbour authorities approve installation on their structures, coastal consents are obtained, and radio and radar use are registered. Benchmarks are agreed with the national mapping agency. Every approval is kept with the station record. No crew goes to site before its approvals are in place.

9. De la commande à l’exploitation · Fabrication

   Build and calibrate

   Radar and pressure gauges are calibrated, GNSS receivers tested, nodes configured with tide constituents where known and enrolled with their identities. The station runs together for days before shipping. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.

   Ouvrir le configurateur de stations

10. De la commande à l’exploitation · Installation

    Install and level

    Crews mount the radar over open water, fix the pressure gauge below the lowest tide, install GNSS and weather sensors, power and backhaul, and level the gauge zero to the benchmarks. Every height is recorded. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work.

11. De la commande à l’exploitation · Mise en service

    Commission against tide staff

    Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Radar readings are compared with tide staff readings over full tidal cycles, pressure and radar are compared, GNSS fixes its position and alerts are tested with the warning centre. Acceptance is recorded with the owner before handover.

12. De la commande à l’exploitation · Exploitation

    Warn and record

    Warning centres see sea level and surge every minute and receive alerts when thresholds are crossed. Scientists receive the long record with land motion removed, and every datum change is kept. Every alert and action is kept on the record.

13. De la commande à l’exploitation · Maintenance

    Level every year

    Gauges are relevelled to benchmarks each year and after any change, sensors are checked against tide staffs, GNSS series are reviewed for land motion, and software updates roll out in rings. Every change is kept with the station record. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.

    Réserver des services sur le terrain

14. Produits de données

    For warnings, planners and science

    Warning centres and harbour masters receive real-time sea level and surge; climate scientists and planners receive long records with land motion; tsunami warning centres receive rapid data; mapping agencies receive datum records, each tied to gauge, benchmark and time. Every product can be traced back to its readings.

    Voir les produits de données

15. Preuves

    Tied to the land

    Gauges follow the international manual on sea level measurement and the global sea level network’s standards, land motion is measured by GNSS at the gauge, and sea level is reported as an essential climate variable. Every value keeps its datum and levelling record.

    Référentiels

    IOC Manuals and Guides No. 14 · GLOSS Implementation Plan 2012 · GCOS-244 · WMO-No. 8

16. Ce que vous obtenez

    Observation de l’océan et des côtes

    Bouées mouillées, flotteurs profileurs, marégraphes et houlographes, radar côtier et réception AIS, avec des flux contrôlés pour la qualité. Fourni sous forme de service géré et licence de données, pour ports, coastal agencies, offshore energy, fisheries. Scale: Coastline to basin. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Parler aux ventes

17. Étape suivante

    Planifier avec nous : niveau de la mer et ondes de tempête

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for sea level and storm surge. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Planifier un déploiementOuvrir le configurateur de stationsOuvrir le Studio

01Le lieu et ses dangers

Où il fonctionne, et ce qui peut mal tourner.

Operating contextSea level is measured to the international manual on sea level measurement, the global sea level observing system sets standards for its core stations, and sea level is an essential climate variable. Gauges must be levelled to benchmarks and their land motion known, or the record mixes ocean change with subsidence.

Dangers

• Storm surges that flood harbours and low coasts
• Tsunamis that need second-by-second data
• Gauges whose land sinks, corrupting the record
• Gauges damaged in the storms they measure
• Datum errors after sensor changes

02Ce qu’il faut mesurer

Quoi, où, à quelle fréquence, et selon quelles règles.

Chaque mesure indique où elle est prise, à quelle fréquence, et la norme ou la réglementation publique qui la fonde. Les numéros de la colonne des sources ouvrent la source citée plus bas.

03La pile d’observation

D’un module de base à un réseau.

Les mêmes briques à chaque échelle : des instruments et un nœud de base, un site avec sa radio, une flotte exploitée comme un tout, et un réseau fédéré sur le protocole ouvert.

1. 01

   Unité de base

   A gauge: a radar sensor, a pressure gauge, weather sensors and GNSS on a sensor hub and edge node.

   Build a station →
2. 02

   Site

   A station: the gauge on a pier or harbour wall, benchmarks, power with backup and two backhaul paths.

   Plan a site →
3. 03

   Parc

   A national network of gauges run to one datum and quality plan.

   Managed offers →
4. 04

   Réseau

   Agencies share sea level with warning centres and global data centres through open standards.

   The open protocol →

• 01Radar de surveillance (FMCW)
• 02Limnimètre
• 03Station météo compacte
• 04Station géodésique GNSS
• 05Passerelle de capteurs et d’instruments
• 06Nœud de périphérie (Wedge)
• 07Modem/routeur cellulaire
• 08Terminal plat LEO
• 09Champ solaire
• 10Poteau

Radio et liaisons

Réseau mobile public

Harbour gauges send one-minute data over cellular to warning centres.

Radio et liaisons

Satellite

A satellite path keeps data flowing when storms take down terrestrial networks.

Edge computeThe node predicts the tide, computes surge as observed minus predicted, raises alerts at thresholds, switches to rapid sampling when a sudden change suggests a tsunami and keeps the datum record.

PowerMains with a long battery backup, or solar on remote coasts; the gauge must keep reporting through the storm that cuts power.

04Comment ça marche

De l’instrument au produit.

Le parcours d’une observation, niveau par niveau, avec l’interface de chaque liaison et une nomenclature en dessous ; puis comment ce nœud devient un site, une flotte et des réseaux fédérés.

05De la commande à l’exploitation

Chaque étape, du premier appel à un site en service.

La même équipe et le même dossier portent le travail, du cadrage à la maintenance.

1. 01 Order

   Scope the coast and its duties

   The scope reads the coast’s flood history, warning duties, existing gauges and their datums, and global network commitments. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the gauge plan, datum design, warning integration and a price per station and per year. The scope is agreed before any site work begins. 2

2. 02 Survey

   Survey piers and benchmarks

   Crews survey candidate piers and walls for open water at all tides, structural stability, benchmarks nearby, sky view for GNSS, power and backhaul. Findings are recorded with drawings and photographs. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built. 1

3. 03 Permits

   Harbour and coastal consent

   Harbour authorities approve installation on their structures, coastal consents are obtained, and radio and radar use are registered. Benchmarks are agreed with the national mapping agency. Every approval is kept with the station record. No crew goes to site before its approvals are in place.

4. 04 Build

   Build and calibrate

   Radar and pressure gauges are calibrated, GNSS receivers tested, nodes configured with tide constituents where known and enrolled with their identities. The station runs together for days before shipping. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.

5. 05 Install

   Install and level

   Crews mount the radar over open water, fix the pressure gauge below the lowest tide, install GNSS and weather sensors, power and backhaul, and level the gauge zero to the benchmarks. Every height is recorded. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work. 1

6. 06 Commission

   Commission against tide staff

   Chaque nœud prouve son identité. Radar readings are compared with tide staff readings over full tidal cycles, pressure and radar are compared, GNSS fixes its position and alerts are tested with the warning centre. Acceptance is recorded with the owner before handover. 12

7. 07 Operate

   Warn and record

   Warning centres see sea level and surge every minute and receive alerts when thresholds are crossed. Scientists receive the long record with land motion removed, and every datum change is kept. Every alert and action is kept on the record. 4

8. 08 Maintain

   Level every year

   Gauges are relevelled to benchmarks each year and after any change, sensors are checked against tide staffs, GNSS series are reviewed for land motion, and software updates roll out in rings. Every change is kept with the station record. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life. 1

06Produits de données et intégration

Ce qu’il fournit, à qui, et dans quels systèmes.

Produits de données

• Real-time sea level and surgeWarning centres and harbour masters
• Long sea-level records with land motionClimate scientists and planners
• Tsunami rapid dataTsunami warning centres
• Datum recordsMapping agencies

Intégration

• Warning centresAlerts and one-minute data reach coastal flood and tsunami warning systems.
• Global data centresSea level is shared with global sea level centres.
• Harbour operationsWater levels support harbour navigation.

Exchanged through WMO WIS 2.0, OGC SensorThings API, RINEX.

07Questions des acheteurs

Avant de cadrer votre projet.

Why GNSS on a tide gauge?

To separate sea-level rise from the land sinking.

Can it warn of tsunamis?

It switches to rapid sampling on sudden changes.

What if the storm cuts power?

Batteries and a satellite path carry it through.

Can old records be joined?

Yes, through levelling to the same benchmarks.

08Ressources

Les sources de cette page.

Normes, réglementations et lignes directrices publiques, citées là où elles s’appliquent. Chacune ne s’applique que dans sa juridiction ou son champ.

1. 1IOC Manuals and Guides No. 14: Manual on Sea Level Measurement and Interpretation, Volume VIntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO · 2016
2. 2GLOSS Implementation Plan 2012 (IOC Technical Series No. 100)Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO · 2012
3. 3WMO-No. 8: Guide to Instruments and Methods of ObservationWorld Meteorological Organization
4. 4GCOS-244: The 2022 GCOS Implementation PlanGlobal Climate Observing System · 2022

09Voir aussi

Cas d’usage et solutions.

10Océans : domaines spécialisés

Les autres domaines de cette industrie.

Présentez-nous le site.

Planifiez un déploiement, configurez une station, modélisez-la dans le Studio ou parlez à l’équipe commerciale. Le formulaire indique qui reçoit vos coordonnées.