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Energy: the grid edge observed: what is moving at the frontier.

Frontier

Energy, at the frontier.

What is moving now in the technologies this industry runs on, each item traced to the specification or standard behind it.

Plan with us Use cases

Reference design, drawn to scale · drag to turn

01Frontier

The technologies moving now.

Ranked by how closely each serves what this industry needs to observe. Each item names the specification or standard it is drawn against.

Frontier · Compute and edge · Edge tiers and multi-access edge computing

Edge-cloud continuum

Placing each workload at the device, edge or cloud tier by latency, cost, energy and data rules, and moving it when conditions change.

3GPP TS 23.548 (5GC enhancements for edge computing) · ETSI GS MEC 003

Frontier · Spectrum, timing and PNT · Spectrum monitoring and interference management

Distributed low-cost SDR sensor networks

Many inexpensive receivers at sites forming a continuous spectrum picture.

Rec. ITU-R SM.1880 · ITU Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring

Frontier · Spectrum, timing and PNT · Spectrum monitoring and interference management

Machine-learning signal classification

Models that recognise signal types and anomalies in monitoring data.

ITU Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring

Frontier · AI systems · Edge inference, model serving and optimisation

Split and collaborative inference

Dividing a model between device, edge and cloud to balance latency, bandwidth and privacy.

3GPP TR 22.874 (AI/ML model transfer in 5GS) · 3GPP TR 23.700-80

Frontier · Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP

Sub-nanosecond timing (high-accuracy profile)

Enhanced PTP techniques for sub-nanosecond alignment in science and metrology networks.

IEEE 1588-2019 (high accuracy default PTP profile)

Frontier · Compute and edge · Cooling and ruggedisation

Two-phase immersion cooling

Boiling-fluid immersion for very high heat flux, with fluid handling and environmental questions still open.

Open Compute Project Advanced Cooling Solutions

Frontier · AI systems · Time-series and sensor AI

Virtual and soft sensors

Estimating quantities that are not measured directly from other sensors and models, labelled as estimates.

W3C SOSA/SSN ontology

Frontier · Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference

Satellite and terrestrial spectrum sharing

Studies and tools for satellite services sharing mobile bands, including direct-to-device.

ITU WRC-27 agenda item 1.13 (Resolution 253 (WRC-23))

Frontier · Remote sensing and Earth observation · Radar, lidar and microwave sensors

GNSS reflectometry

Reflected navigation signals for ocean wind, soil moisture and flood extent from low-cost receivers.

WMO OSCAR/Space

Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Tracking, telemetry and command and space safety

Rendezvous, proximity operations and on-orbit servicing

Inspection, refuelling, life extension and removal missions that change how space assets are maintained.

ISO 24330:2022 (RPO and on-orbit servicing)

Frontier · In situ sensors and instruments · RF, acoustics, cameras and radar

Event-based and neuromorphic cameras

Sensors that report changes per pixel at microsecond rates with very low power.

EMVA 1288 (reference for characterisation)

Frontier · Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records

Signed photographic evidence

Field photos with signed capture time, location and device for audit.

C2PA Technical Specification 2.x

Frontier · Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access

Optical ground stations

Laser downlink terminals that relieve radio spectrum limits, with weather-diverse site networks.

CCSDS 141.0-B (optical communications physical layer)

Frontier · GIS, maps and GeoAI · GeoAI

Geospatial foundation models

Large pretrained models for imagery and maps fine-tuned with few labels.

OGC TrainingDML-AI Part 1

Frontier · GIS, maps and GeoAI · GeoAI

Super-resolution and multi-sensor fusion

Learning to combine sensors and resolutions into sharper or gap-free products, with uncertainty flagged.

ISO 19157-1:2023

Frontier · GIS, maps and GeoAI · GeoAI

Geospatial agents and natural-language queries

Assistants that compose spatial queries and processes from plain-language questions, with every step logged.

OGC API – Processes · OGC API – Features

Frontier · Power, energy and ruggedisation · Storage

Sodium-ion batteries

Lithium-free chemistry with good cold performance, under evaluation for stationary use.

IEC 62619 (safety framework)

Frontier · Power, energy and ruggedisation · Storage

Solid-state and next-generation cells

Cells with solid electrolytes aiming at higher safety and energy density.

IEC 62660 series (reference test methods)

Frontier · Power, energy and ruggedisation · Energy management and monitoring