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Machine condition monitoring

Machines that tell you before they fail.

Unplanned stops of pumps, motors, fans and conveyors cost far more than planned repairs. Vibration, thermal and power sensing on every critical machine, analysed at the edge to the international condition monitoring standards, tells maintenance teams which machine is wearing and what to fix.

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Industry
Industry
Measurements
4
Sources cited
5
  1. Industry · Machine condition monitoring

    Stops that cost the most

    An unplanned stop of a pump, motor, fan or conveyor costs far more than a planned repair: lost output, rushed parts and damage to the machines around it. Most failures give warning weeks ahead in vibration, heat and power, if someone is listening.

  2. What is measured

    Vibration, heat and power

    Vibration sensors on the bearings of motors, pumps, fans, gearboxes and conveyors measure how each machine runs. Thermal cameras watch motors, drives and switchgear for heat, and power meters on motor circuits show load and current, so every machine has its own condition record.

    Instruments
    Vibration sensors · Thermal cameras · Power meters
  3. The base node

    A diagnosis, not an alarm

    The node computes vibration spectra and the standard severity evaluation, recognises bearing wear, misalignment and imbalance, links them with temperatures and power, and sends a diagnosis with its evidence, so maintenance knows what to fix and not just that something changed.

  4. Radio and links

    Private 5G across the floor

    A private 5G network connects machines across the plant without new cabling and with the reliability industrial control needs. Wi-Fi serves tablets on the floor, and the edge node reaches the plant network and enterprise systems over fibre. Each link is chosen for the place, not from a catalogue.

    Links
    Private 5G · Wi-Fi · Fibre
  5. How it works

    From a bearing tone to a planned repair

    A conveyor drive bearing shows a rising tone in its spectrum. The node diagnoses early outer-race wear and opens a work order with the evidence. The bearing is replaced in the next planned stop, three weeks before it would have seized and stopped the line.

  6. From order to operation · Order

    Scope the critical machines

    The scope reads the plant’s machines, their criticality, failure history and maintenance strategy. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the machine list to monitor, sensor plan, private network design, diagnosis rules and a price per machine and per year. Every assumption in the scope is written down and priced.

    Plan a deployment
  7. From order to operation · Survey

    Survey machines and coverage

    Crews survey each machine with maintenance engineers: sensor positions on bearings, camera views, drive interfaces, and coverage of the private network. Baseline vibration is taken with a portable instrument. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow.

  8. From order to operation · Permits

    Plant rules and spectrum

    Work follows the plant’s safety and lockout rules, private network spectrum is licensed under local rules, and connecting to plant systems goes through change control. Every approval is kept with the plant record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.

  9. From order to operation · Build

    Build and configure

    Sensors, gateways, cameras, small cells, the core and node are configured, nodes enrolled with their identities and the machine model and severity limits loaded. Everything runs together before shipping. Test results travel with the kit to the site. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.

    Open the Station Builder
  10. From order to operation · Install

    Install during stops

    Crews fix sensors on bearings and motor circuits during planned stops, mount cameras and small cells, install the node and connect to the plant network. Every sensor is labelled with its machine and position. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

  11. From order to operation · Commission

    Commission against the baseline

    Each node proves its identity. Readings are compared with the portable baseline, alarm levels are set from the standard and the machine’s own history, and diagnoses are reviewed with the maintenance team. Results are signed and kept with the site record.

  12. From order to operation · Operate

    Fix before failure

    Maintenance teams see every machine’s condition and diagnosis. Work orders are opened with the evidence attached, repairs are planned into stops, and every failure avoided or found is kept for the reliability review. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record.

  13. From order to operation · Maintain

    Learn from every repair

    Findings from each repair confirm or correct diagnoses, sensors are checked on routine rounds, software updates roll out in rings, and diagnosis rules improve with the plant’s history. Spares and procedures travel with the crews. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.

    Book field services
  14. Data products

    For maintenance, planners and managers

    Maintenance and reliability teams receive machine condition and diagnoses; planners receive work orders with evidence; plant managers receive availability and avoided failures; equipment suppliers receive condition data under service contracts, each tied to machine and time. Each product carries its site, time and quality flags.

    See the data products
  15. Evidence

    Condition monitoring to standard

    The programme follows the international condition monitoring guidelines, vibration is evaluated to the standard severity method, data are processed and presented to the data processing standard, thermography follows its standard and the private network meets the service requirements for industrial control.

    Drawn against
    ISO 17359 · ISO 20816-1 · ISO 13374 · ISO 18434-1 · 3GPP TS 22.104
  16. What you get

    Mine, plant and port site monitoring

    Slope radar, tailings monitoring, dust and water, and site connectivity for operations and closure. Delivered as managed service and hardware + software, for mining, heavy industry, ports. Scale: Site portfolios. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Talk to sales
  17. Next step

    Plan machine condition monitoring with us

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for machine condition monitoring. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Plan a deploymentOpen the Station BuilderOpen the Studio

01The place and its hazards

Where it runs, and what can go wrong.

Operating contextCondition monitoring of machines follows international guidelines for the overall programme, standard evaluation of machine vibration, data processing and presentation, and thermography. Wireless connectivity for industrial control has service requirements defined for private cellular networks.

Hazards

  • Bearing and gearbox failures that stop a line
  • Misalignment and imbalance that wear machines early
  • Overheating motors and electrical connections
  • Machines nobody can reach to inspect safely
  • Alarms without a diagnosis

02What must be measured

What, where, how often, and under which rules.

Each measurement names where it is taken, how often, and the public standard or regulation behind it. Numbers in the sources column open the cited source below.

MeasurementWhereCadenceSources
Machine vibrationBearings of motors, pumps, fans, gearboxes and conveyorsContinuous, spectra on change12
Surface and connection temperaturesThermal cameras on motors, drives and switchgearContinuous3
Motor power and currentDrives and motor circuitsContinuous2
Condition and diagnosis recordsEvery monitored machineOn every change4

03The observation stack

From one base unit to a network.

The same blocks at every scale: instruments and a base node, a site with its radio, a fleet run as one, and a network federated on the open protocol.

  1. 01

    Base unit

    A machine point: vibration and power sensors on an industrial gateway, with a thermal camera covering a group of machines.

    Build a station →
  2. 02

    Site

    A line or plant: every critical machine linked over a private cellular network to an edge node.

    Plan a site →
  3. 03

    Fleet

    Every plant of a manufacturer on one condition view, with shared diagnoses.

    Managed offers →
  4. 04

    Network

    Condition data reach maintenance systems and equipment suppliers through open standards.

    The open protocol →
  • 01Vibration and condition monitor
  • 02Energy and power-quality meter
  • 03Thermal camera
  • 04OT gateway (OPC UA, Modbus)
  • 05Small cell (4G/5G)
  • 065G core appliance (UPF/core)
  • 07Edge node (Wedge)
  • 08Fibre terminal

Radio and links

Private 5G

A private 5G network connects machines across the plant without new cabling, with the reliability industrial control needs.

Radio and links

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi serves tablets for maintenance teams on the floor.

Radio and links

Fibre

The edge node reaches the plant network and enterprise systems over fibre.

Edge computeThe node computes vibration spectra and the standard severity evaluation, recognises bearing, misalignment and imbalance patterns, links them with temperatures and power, and sends a diagnosis with its evidence to maintenance.

PowerSensors run from the machines’ control power or on long-life batteries; the node runs from the plant’s supply with backup.

04How it works

From the instrument to the product.

One observation’s path, tier by tier, with the interface on every link and a bill of materials below; then how the one node grows to a site, a fleet and federated networks.

Machine condition monitoring: data path

– of 10

01 Instruments Measurement with sensor identity andcalibration 02 Gateway 03 Field radio 04 Radio access 05 Core network 06 Node – Wrap in an observation envelope with timequality– Measure quality and uncertainty, attachquality flags– Buffer locally (store-and-forward when thelink drops) 07 Backhaul Commit with transactional outbox andpublish, delivered at least once 08 Site Consumer inbox deduplicates and applieseach record once into governed data 09 Data store Governed product through API, map orexport, correction-aware 10 Products OPC UAMIMOSAMQTT 01 Vibration and condition monitor Analogue I/O · RS-485 · Ethernet 02 Energy and power-quality meter SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet 03 Thermal camera Ethernet 04 OT gateway (OPC UA, Modbus) Ethernet · RS-485 · CAN · AnalogueI/O 5G modems and routers Not in the reference kit 05 Small cell (4G/5G) Ethernet · Fibre · GNSS antenna ·1PPS/10 MHz 06 5G core appliance (UPF/core) Ethernet · Fibre · BMC 07 Edge node (Wedge) Ethernet · Fibre · USB · RS-485 ·BMC 08 Fibre terminal Fibre · Ethernet Site MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B Governed data store Versioned, correction-aware Machine condition and diagnoses Work orders with evidence Availability and avoided failures Condition data RS-485 · Modbus RS-485 · Modbus Ethernet Ethernet 5G NR Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Fibre
From the instrument to the published product: each band is a tier, each connector names its interface, and the numbers match the bill of materials. Hover or focus a block to trace its path; scroll or step to follow one observation.
Bill of materials
ItemEquipmentData portsProtocolsPower in
01Vibration and condition monitorAccelerometer-based vibration and temperature sensor for rotating machinery and structural condition monitoring.Analogue I/ORS-485EthernetModbus, OPC UA, MQTT 512 V DC
02Energy and power-quality meterMeter for voltage, current, power, energy and power quality at a site or on a feeder.SDI-12RS-485EthernetModbus, IEC 61850 (MMS, GOOSE), DNP3 (IEEE 1815), MQTT 512 V DC
03Thermal cameraLong-wave infrared camera for fire detection, equipment hot spots and night monitoring.EthernetRTSP with ONVIF profiles, MQTT 5PoE
04OT gateway (OPC UA, Modbus)Read-only bridge from industrial fieldbuses and controllers (Modbus, OPC UA, DNP3, IEC 61850, CAN) to the site network, behind a security boundary.EthernetRS-485CANAnalogue I/OOPC UA, Modbus, DNP3 (IEEE 1815), IEC 61850 (MMS, GOOSE), MQTT 524 V DC
05Small cell (4G/5G)Integrated base station (radio, baseband, antenna) for private LTE or NR on a local licence, shared-spectrum or leased route. A CBRS CBSD is a small cell that also registers with a spectrum access system.EthernetFibreGNSS antenna1PPS/10 MHz3GPP NR air interface, 3GPP E-UTRA air interface, IEEE 1588 PTP, O-RAN E2, A1, O1PoE, 48 V DC, AC mains
065G core appliance (UPF/core)Local 5G standalone core with user-plane function and local breakout, so site traffic stays on site.EthernetFibreBMC3GPP 5G core service-based interfaces, DMTF RedfishAC mains, 48 V DC
07Edge node (Wedge)Rugged edge node that boots from signed media, attests itself and establishes a site cell from little or no infrastructure.EthernetFibreUSBRS-485BMCMQTT 5, DMTF Redfish, IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP with NTS, OPC UA12 V DC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC, AC mains
08Fibre terminalOptical network terminal or media converter that lands fibre backhaul at a site.FibreEthernetIEEE 1588 PTP12 V DC, 48 V DC, AC mains

How it scales

01 Instruments Arbitrary qualified sensors and instruments whosemeasurements are ingested with calibration, units,geometry, time, custody and uncertainty. ×n 02 Node The minimum useful deployable unit: server, ruggedappliance, radio node, sensor gateway, satelliteterminal, AI, scientific, vehicle or virtual node. Node Node agent 03 Site The minimum independently operable localgovernance and failure domain: one or more nodesplus local network, identity, policy, evidence,storage, products and operator surfaces.

SITE

Node Node Node ×n 04 Cluster An optional scale or specialisation domain forscheduling, shared storage, accelerators or datalocality.

CLUSTER

×n 05 Fleet Coordinates plans, acknowledgements,convergence evidence, update campaigns andcorrection propagation across nodes and sites.

FLEET

Fleet controller ×n 06 Federation An exchange of products, capabilities, events orwork across approved, independently administeredtrust domains, using explicit trust, policy,data-locality, version and correction contracts.

TRUST DOMAIN

TRUST DOMAIN

TRUST DOMAIN

×n Verifier Applications Data in the field Telemetry Control Data upstream Control Data upstream Control Exchange Evidence Events Exchange
The smallest deployable unit is one node; the same unit is replicated to meet the demand. Nodes form a site, sites may form a cluster, sites and clusters are coordinated as a fleet, and fleets exchange across independently administered trust domains. Each plane is a separate channel with its own open binding.
Data in the field
MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B; connectors for LoRaWAN, OPC UA and instrument buses.
Telemetry
OpenTelemetry OTLP.
Control
TLS 1.3 with mutual authentication; protobuf messages over gRPC or HTTP/2.
Data upstream
At-least-once publication with repeat-safe keys over the control channel or NATS JetStream; QUIC MAY be used on lossy links.
Evidence
DSSE-signed in-toto statements; SLSA provenance; SCITT transparency receipts.
Events
Event envelopes mapped to CloudEvents 1.0; channels described in AsyncAPI 3.
Exchange
OpenAPI 3.1; the OGC API family; SensorThings; STAC; WIS 2.0.

05From order to operation

Every step, from the first call to a running site.

The same crew and the same record carry the work from scope to maintenance.

  1. 01 Order

    Scope the critical machines

    The scope reads the plant’s machines, their criticality, failure history and maintenance strategy. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the machine list to monitor, sensor plan, private network design, diagnosis rules and a price per machine and per year. Every assumption in the scope is written down and priced. 2

  2. 02 Survey

    Survey machines and coverage

    Crews survey each machine with maintenance engineers: sensor positions on bearings, camera views, drive interfaces, and coverage of the private network. Baseline vibration is taken with a portable instrument. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow. 1

  3. 03 Permits

    Plant rules and spectrum

    Work follows the plant’s safety and lockout rules, private network spectrum is licensed under local rules, and connecting to plant systems goes through change control. Every approval is kept with the plant record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen. 5

  4. 04 Build

    Build and configure

    Sensors, gateways, cameras, small cells, the core and node are configured, nodes enrolled with their identities and the machine model and severity limits loaded. Everything runs together before shipping. Test results travel with the kit to the site. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.

  5. 05 Install

    Install during stops

    Crews fix sensors on bearings and motor circuits during planned stops, mount cameras and small cells, install the node and connect to the plant network. Every sensor is labelled with its machine and position. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

  6. 06 Commission

    Commission against the baseline

    Each node proves its identity. Readings are compared with the portable baseline, alarm levels are set from the standard and the machine’s own history, and diagnoses are reviewed with the maintenance team. Results are signed and kept with the site record. 14

  7. 07 Operate

    Fix before failure

    Maintenance teams see every machine’s condition and diagnosis. Work orders are opened with the evidence attached, repairs are planned into stops, and every failure avoided or found is kept for the reliability review. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. 2

  8. 08 Maintain

    Learn from every repair

    Findings from each repair confirm or correct diagnoses, sensors are checked on routine rounds, software updates roll out in rings, and diagnosis rules improve with the plant’s history. Spares and procedures travel with the crews. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.

06Data products and integration

What it delivers, to whom, and into which systems.

Data products

  • Machine condition and diagnosesMaintenance and reliability teams
  • Work orders with evidencePlanners
  • Availability and avoided failuresPlant managers
  • Condition dataEquipment suppliers under service contracts

Integration

  • Maintenance managementDiagnoses open work orders in the plant’s maintenance system.
  • Plant systemsCondition data reach the historian through OPC UA.
  • SuppliersCondition data are shared with suppliers where contracts say.

Exchanged through OPC UA, MIMOSA, MQTT.

07Questions buyers ask

Before you scope it.

Do we need new cabling?

No. The private network connects machines wirelessly.

How early does it warn?

Typically weeks before failure for bearing wear.

Will it diagnose or just alarm?

It diagnoses common faults and shows the evidence.

Can our analysts use their own tools?

Yes. Data are open through standard interfaces.

08Resources

The sources behind this page.

Public standards, regulations and guidance, cited where they apply. Each applies only where its jurisdiction or scope does.

  1. 1ISO 20816-1: Mechanical vibration, measurement and evaluation of machine vibrationInternational Organization for Standardization
  2. 2ISO 17359: Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, general guidelinesInternational Organization for Standardization
  3. 3ISO 18434-1: Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, thermographyInternational Organization for Standardization
  4. 4ISO 13374: Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, data processing, communication and presentationInternational Organization for Standardization
  5. 5IEC 62443: Security for industrial automation and control systemsInternational Electrotechnical Commission

09Related

Use cases and solutions.

Solution

Mine, plant and port site monitoring

Slope radar, tailings monitoring, dust and water, and site connectivity for operations and closure.Solutions for industry →
Solution

Private Wireless as a Service

Standalone private 5G or LTE for a site, campus, port or mine: radios, core, SIMs, spectrum route and operations.Solutions for industry →
Solution

Edge inference for infrastructure

Models running beside the instrument on video, radar and sensor streams for assets and hazards; only results move upstream.Solutions for industry →

10Industry: specialized fields

Other fields of this industry.

Specialized field

Chemical and process plants

Gas detection, stack emissions, thermal imaging and site weather at chemical and process plants, joined in one record for safety, environmental permits and the people living nearby.The full field →
Specialized field

Factory energy management

Metering of electricity, gas, steam, compressed air and water by line and machine, so factories cut energy use, prove savings and meet energy audit and management duties.The full field →
Specialized field

Workplace dust, noise and heat

Fixed and wearable sensing of dust, gases, noise and heat stress on factory floors, so health and safety teams keep exposure below limits and act where it rises.The full field →

Bring us the site.

Plan a deployment, configure a station, model it in the Studio or talk to sales. The form names who receives your details.

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