Scenario simulation: a flood run through the twin of a town, the rising edge in red. The loop, step by step: 1. A street, a river and a model of both. 2. The model sets a hundred-year storm. 3. Signatures are checked before any model runs. 4. It simulates water on the street, minute by minute. 5. The edge releases confirmed results only. 6. Virtual gauges record the rising depth. 7. Each reading is stamped with time and place. 8. A planner adds a retention basin. 9. Instruments confirm the response took effect. 10. The edge verifies every signature first. 11. The simulation runs again with the basin. 12. Only a confirmed result leaves the edge. 13. The report shows the depth fall by half. 14. The alert arrives with its evidence attached. 15. The whole chain is archived for audit. 16. Everything settles back to idle.

01 / 16

A street, a river and a model of both

/

/

Scenario simulation, inside Digital twins and simulation: flood inundation and hazard mapping, spatial statistics and interpolation, hazard and exposure mapping, multisensor fusion and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from WMO-No. 168 Guide to Hydrological Practices to ISO 19157-1:2023 (data quality), and runs on the open Observatory Protocol.

Technologies

5

At the frontier

0

Protocol functions

3 of 12

Industries served

9

At a glance

Multisensor fusion

Combining EO, in-situ, RF and network data into one picture with provenance for each input. In scenario simulation, part of Digital twins and simulation, the multimodal fusion and agentic operations layer holds multisensor fusion, drawn against W3C SOSA/SSN ontology and OGC SensorThings API.

The problem

Floods, heat, load and failure, run before they happen

A real flood or heatwave is an expensive way to test a design. Scenario simulation stresses the design in the model first, so weak points are fixed before the event, not during it. The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information.

Key facts

Specification

W3C SOSA/SSN ontology · OGC SensorThings API

Specification

ISO 19157-1:2023 (data quality) · JCGM 100:2008 (GUM)

Specification

CEOS Analysis Ready Data framework · ISO 19157-1

Components

• Pole-mounted edge gateway node
• Radar stream gauge on a road bridge
• Automatic weather station (AWS) to WMO siting practice
• Groundwater monitoring well
• Water-quality monitoring station
• Private LTE mast on a solar skid
• "AI tower in a box"
• Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment

Interfaces

Instruments

SDI-12 · RS-485 / Modbus RTU · 4–20 mA

Radio

Ethernet · LTE-M / NB-IoT · LoRaWAN

Time and position

GNSS 1PPS

Security

TPM 2.0

Publishing

MQTT

Where it works

• Spatial statistics and interpolation

In the story below

1. The system, part by part
2. Assembly
3. Installation
4. Deployment
5. Connections
6. Operation
7. Failure and recovery
8. Scale and federation
9. What you get

Scenes · 6

Next steps

1. Digital twins and simulation · Scenario simulation

   Floods, heat, load and failure, run before they happen

   A real flood or heatwave is an expensive way to test a design. Scenario simulation stresses the design in the model first, so weak points are fixed before the event, not during it. The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information.

2. Multimodal fusion and agentic operations

   Multisensor fusion

   Combining EO, in-situ, RF and network data into one picture with provenance for each input. In scenario simulation, part of Digital twins and simulation, the multimodal fusion and agentic operations layer holds multisensor fusion, drawn against W3C SOSA/SSN ontology and OGC SensorThings API.

   Specification

   W3C SOSA/SSN ontology · OGC SensorThings API

3. Spatial analysis and siting

   Spatial statistics and interpolation

   Autocorrelation, hot spots, kriging and uncertainty for observations that are sparse in space. In scenario simulation, part of Digital twins and simulation, the spatial analysis and siting layer holds spatial statistics and interpolation, drawn against ISO 19157-1:2023 and JCGM 100:2008.

   Specification

   ISO 19157-1:2023 (data quality) · JCGM 100:2008 (GUM)

4. Foundation models for Earth observation

   Hazard and exposure mapping

   Flood, fire, landslide and subsidence mapping that feeds risk and response decisions. In scenario simulation, part of Digital twins and simulation, the foundation models for Earth observation and geospatial layer holds hazard and exposure mapping, drawn against CEOS Analysis Ready Data framework and ISO 19157-1.

   Specification

   CEOS Analysis Ready Data framework · ISO 19157-1

5. What you get

   Studies and twins, under contract

   Simulation methods with worked examples and open terrain and grid layers are public. Drone survey and 3D site twins, network planning studies and scenario studies are contracted. Studies are priced per site and per scenario, and the models remain yours after delivery.

   Talk to sales

6. Next step

   Scenario simulation, planned with you

   Tell us the sites, the systems scenario simulation must work with and the outcome you need, with a map or a list of addresses if you have one. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for scenario simulation, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need.

   Plan a deploymentOpen the Field Deployment StudioSee Digital twins and simulation

01What it is

Spatial analysis and siting.

The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information. AI from model to accountable operation: edge inference and model optimisation, foundation models for Earth observation and geospatial work, time-series and sensor AI, multimodal fusion and supervised agentic operations, federated and privacy-preserving learning, physical AI and robotics within stated red lines, MLOps, evaluation and model risk, and the governance frameworks that apply to each. Each technology below carries what it is, what we do with it, and the standard it is drawn against.

02Architecture

Where it sits, and what it speaks.

Scenario simulation draws on the spectrum below; the highlighted layers carry this area, and the protocol functions it speaks are marked.

Reference systems and geodesy

7

Vector, raster and array formats

10

Tiling, maps and visual services

7

APIs, catalogues and discrete global grids

8

Spatial analysis and siting

10

GeoAI

10

3D, BIM and digital twins

8

Metadata, quality and publication

5

Platforms and orbits

8

Optical, spectral and thermal sensors

8

Radar, lidar and microwave sensors

10

Processing levels and analysis-ready data

9

Calibration and validation

8

Tasking, ground segment and access

9

Data cubes, analysis and archives

7

Frontier and research

8

01Join Identity, attestation quote, signed policy.

02Admit Admitted for a stated scope, nothing wider.

03Describe What, where, how and by whom, with calibration.

04Time One clock across the grid, with its error bound.

05Observe Every value with quality and provenance.

06Qualify Tested against the specification, state on record.

07Federate Signed exchange across grids and trust domains.

08Orchestrate Software and configuration by signed plan.

09Correct A correction marks what depends on it and publishes a new version.

10Exchange Products reach people and applications through versioned interfaces.

11Prove Signed proof receipts that an independent verifier can check.

12Exit and decommission An open exit path, and a record that closes.

03On the grid

The ground, measured before it is modelled.

Real elevation, line of sight, an orbit swath and a GeoAI pass, each an interactive explainer on open terrain data with its source shown.

04In the field

Where this runs, sector by sector.

Deployment scenarios from the sector research that rely on scenario simulation.

05Open and enterprise

Open by default. Enterprise by contract.

The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract.

Open, on the main site

• Simulation methods with worked examples
• Open terrain and grid layers

Enterprise, on this site

• Drone survey and 3D site twins
• Network planning studies
• Scenario studies

06The rest of the line

Digital twins and simulation, area by area.

Bring us the site.

Survey, design, deployment and operation for scenario simulation. The form names who receives your details.

More presentations

See it from every side.

Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before.

In depth

Explainers