GIS, maps and GeoAI
Viewshed and line of sight
What can be seen, or reached by radio, from a mast height over terrain and clutter.
We design and operate.
ITU-R P.526 (propagation by diffraction)
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Digital twins and simulation/
Network twinsCoverage, capacity, power and timing, simulated.
Network twins, inside Digital twins and simulation: viewshed and line of sight, RF propagation and coverage prediction, network analysis, network digital twins and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from ITU-R P.526 (propagation by diffraction) to ITU-R P.1812, and runs on the open Observatory Protocol.
Plan with usArchitectureThe protocol- Technologies
- 5
- At the frontier
- 2
- Protocol functions
- 3 of 12
- Industries served
- 9
At a glance
Network analysis
Routing, travel time, service areas and location-allocation for crews, spares and coverage. In network twins, part of Digital twins and simulation, the spatial analysis and siting layer holds network analysis, drawn against ISO 19133 and ISO 19134. We build it into every site for network twins against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record.
The problem
Coverage, capacity, power and timing, simulated
Network designs are often chosen on rules of thumb and corrected after installation. Network twins simulate coverage, capacity, power autonomy and timing for each candidate design, so the plan is chosen on predicted performance. The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information.
Key facts
- Specification
- ISO 19133 (tracking and navigation) · ISO 19134 (multimodal routing)
- Specification
- ITU-T Y.3090 (digital twin network)
- Specification
- ITU-R P.1812 · ITU-R P.452
Components
- Pole-mounted edge gateway node
- Radar stream gauge on a road bridge
- Automatic weather station (AWS) to WMO siting practice
- Groundwater monitoring well
- Water-quality monitoring station
- Private LTE mast on a solar skid
- "AI tower in a box"
- Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment
Interfaces
- Instruments
- SDI-12 · RS-485 / Modbus RTU · 4–20 mA
- Radio
- Ethernet · LTE-M / NB-IoT · LoRaWAN
- Time and position
- GNSS 1PPS
- Security
- TPM 2.0
- Publishing
- MQTT
Where it works
- RF propagation and coverage prediction
In the story below
- The system, part by part
- Assembly
- Installation
- Deployment
- Connections
- Operation
- Failure and recovery
- Scale and federation
- What you get
Scenes · 6
Next steps
Plan a deploymentOpen the Field Deployment StudioSee Digital twins and simulationTalk to salesDigital twins and simulation · Network twins
Coverage, capacity, power and timing, simulated
Network designs are often chosen on rules of thumb and corrected after installation. Network twins simulate coverage, capacity, power autonomy and timing for each candidate design, so the plan is chosen on predicted performance. The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information.
Spatial analysis and siting
Network analysis
Routing, travel time, service areas and location-allocation for crews, spares and coverage. In network twins, part of Digital twins and simulation, the spatial analysis and siting layer holds network analysis, drawn against ISO 19133 and ISO 19134. We build it into every site for network twins against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record.
- Specification
- ISO 19133 (tracking and navigation) · ISO 19134 (multimodal routing)
Testing, integration and security
RAN digital twins
Network and radio twins used to test changes and AI models before they touch the live network. In network twins, part of Digital twins and simulation, the testing, integration and security layer holds RAN digital twins, drawn against ITU-T Y.3090.
- Specification
- ITU-T Y.3090 (digital twin network)
Spatial analysis and siting
RF propagation and coverage prediction
Path loss over terrain and clutter for links, gateways and cells, used to place masts and size networks. In network twins, part of Digital twins and simulation, the spatial analysis and siting layer holds RF propagation and coverage prediction, drawn against ITU-R P.1812 and ITU-R P.452.
- Specification
- ITU-R P.1812 · ITU-R P.452
What you get
Studies and twins, under contract
Simulation methods with worked examples and open terrain and grid layers are public. Drone survey and 3D site twins, network planning studies and scenario studies are contracted. Studies are priced per site and per scenario, and the models remain yours after delivery.
Talk to salesNext step
Network twins, planned with you
Tell us the sites, the systems network twins must work with and the outcome you need, with a map or a list of addresses if you have one. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for network twins, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need.
Plan a deploymentOpen the Field Deployment StudioSee Digital twins and simulation
01What it is
Spatial analysis and siting.
The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information. The networks behind the radio: the 5G core and its functions, slicing and edge breakout, IMS voice and emergency calling, fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul over microwave, E-band, fibre, free-space optics and satellite, IP/MPLS and segment routing, IPv6, automation and intent, and the security that holds it together. Disaggregated, software-defined and AI-assisted radio access: the O-RAN architecture and its open interfaces, 7.2x fronthaul, RAN intelligent controllers with xApps and rApps, SMO and O-Cloud, accelerated L1, shared GPU infrastructure for RAN and AI, AI/ML in the 3GPP air interface, energy saving, and the test and integration work that makes multi-supplier RAN deployable. Each technology below carries what it is, what we do with it, and the standard it is drawn against.
GIS, maps and GeoAI
RF propagation and coverage prediction
Path loss over terrain and clutter for links, gateways and cells, used to place masts and size networks.
We design and operate.
ITU-R P.1812 · ITU-R P.452 · ITU-R P.530
GIS, maps and GeoAI
Network analysis
Routing, travel time, service areas and location-allocation for crews, spares and coverage.
We design and operate.
ISO 19133 (tracking and navigation) · ISO 19134 (multimodal routing)
Frontier · Core and transport networks
Network digital twins
A live model of the network for what-if analysis before changes go live.
We design, integrate and operate.
ITU-T Y.3090 (digital twin network)
Frontier · AI-RAN and Open RAN
RAN digital twins
Network and radio twins used to test changes and AI models before they touch the live network.
We design, integrate and operate.
ITU-T Y.3090 (digital twin network)
02Architecture
Where it sits, and what it speaks.
Network twins draws on the spectrum below; the highlighted layers carry this area, and the protocol functions it speaks are marked.
Reference systems and geodesy
7
Vector, raster and array formats
10
Tiling, maps and visual services
7
APIs, catalogues and discrete global grids
8
Spatial analysis and siting
10
GeoAI
10
3D, BIM and digital twins
8
Metadata, quality and publication
5
Platforms and orbits
8
Optical, spectral and thermal sensors
8
Radar, lidar and microwave sensors
10
Processing levels and analysis-ready data
9
Calibration and validation
8
Tasking, ground segment and access
9
Data cubes, analysis and archives
7
Frontier and research
8
01Join Identity, attestation quote, signed policy.
02Admit Admitted for a stated scope, nothing wider.
03Describe What, where, how and by whom, with calibration.
04Time One clock across the grid, with its error bound.
05Observe Every value with quality and provenance.
06Qualify Tested against the specification, state on record.
07Federate Signed exchange across grids and trust domains.
08Orchestrate Software and configuration by signed plan.
09Correct A correction marks what depends on it and publishes a new version.
10Exchange Products reach people and applications through versioned interfaces.
11Prove Signed proof receipts that an independent verifier can check.
12Exit and decommission An open exit path, and a record that closes.
03On the grid
The ground, measured before it is modelled.
Real elevation, line of sight, an orbit swath and a GeoAI pass, each an interactive explainer on open terrain data with its source shown.
Line of sight
A 30 m mast against the terrain.Relief
Terrarium-encoded DEM, contours by marching squares.Hillshade and slope
One gradient, a sun you can move.Geodesic grid
Stations counted into 10,242 cells.04In the field
Where this runs, sector by sector.
Deployment scenarios from the sector research that rely on network twins.
AgricultureFarm or cooperative agromet network with crop models
Compact stations and soil probes feeding irrigation, disease and frost models.Government and public safetyNational GBON surface and upper-air network
WMO-grade stations reporting through WIS 2.0, funded through the systematic-observations financing pathway.Government and public safetyWildfire camera network and fire-weather stations
Camera towers with edge inference and co-located fire-weather stations, utility- or agency-funded.Government and public safetyUrban street-flood sensor network
Open-hardware depth sensors with open data and alerts to emergency management.CitiesHybrid air-quality network
Reference analysers plus calibrated low-cost nodes; low-cost sensors alone do not meet regulatory requirements.Communities and ruralInterim public-safety broadband where no national network exists
Private LTE or 5G for fire and medical services in territories without a national public-safety network.05Open and enterprise
Open by default. Enterprise by contract.
The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract.
Open, on the main site
- Simulation methods with worked examples
- Open terrain and grid layers
Enterprise, on this site
- Drone survey and 3D site twins
- Network planning studies
- Scenario studies
06The rest of the line
Digital twins and simulation, area by area.
Digital twins and simulationSite twins
The site in 3D, measured to scale.Digital twins and simulationEarth twins
Terrain, hydrology and atmosphere, on live observations.Digital twins and simulationScenario simulation
Floods, heat, load and failure, run before they happen.Digital twins and simulationPlanning
From the twin to a plan you can tender.Bring us the site.
Survey, design, deployment and operation for network twins. The form names who receives your details.
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