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Digital twins and simulation

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Architecture
How digital twins and simulation is built.

One reference architecture under every deployment: the layers of a site, the protocol functions this platform relies on, and the evidence that travels with every observation.

Plan with usIndustries

Areas · 5 Technologies · 197 Industries · 9

Parts and bill of materials

What the design is made of.

One station of the reference design, part by part, and what it takes to order the deployment: every class we source, who offers it and how long it takes to arrive.

Station, exploded

Select a part to read what it does.

Stations in the reference design · 6

Bill of materials
ItemPartQuantityOffered byLead time
Sensing
01Radar water-level sensor (80 GHz) Instrument6Value OEM ($$$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$$)2–4 weeks
02Ultrasonic anemometer (2D) Instrument6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)2–4 weeks
Compute and trust
03Edge gateway, lite (ARM, 4 W) Compute6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)2–4 weeks
04Secure element Security6Supplied with the station
05GNSS timing receiver (1PPS, NTP) Timing6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)1–3 weeks
Radio
06LTE router, Cat 4 (regional bands) Radio6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)1–4 weeks
07Cellular omni antenna, 698–3800 MHz Antenna6Value OEM ($), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($)1–2 weeks
Power
08Solar panel, 100 W Power6Value OEM ($), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)1–4 weeks
09Battery, LiFePO4 12.8 V 100 Ah (1.28 kWh) Storage6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)2–4 weeks
Enclosure and structure
10Outdoor cabinet, aluminium IP65 Enclosure6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$$)2–6 weeks
11Sensor cable kit (4 runs, power and data) Wiring6Value OEM ($), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($)1–2 weeks
12Earthing kit (rod, strap, bonding) Earthing6Value OEM ($$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$)1–2 weeks
13Steel pole Structure6Value OEM ($$$), Tier-1 OEM, rugged ($$$), NXS Observatory kitted and tested ($$$)2–7 weeks
14Station foundation Foundation6Supplied with the station
Open the Station Builder

01Reference architecture

From one instrument to the grid.

Every deployment is drawn on the same six layers. A typed contract sits at every boundary, so parts from different makers fit together.

  1. 01InstrumentThe sensor or radio that makes the measurement, with its calibration.
  2. 02NodeThe device that hosts instruments: identity, time, power and storage.
  3. 03SiteNodes in one place, on one mast or in one shelter, with their links.
  4. 04CellSites that share a backhaul, a power plan and an operator.
  5. 05ClusterCells run as one service, with one fleet plan and one evidence trail.
  6. 06GridClusters that federate across owners through the open protocol.
01JoinIdentity, attestation quote, signed policy.02AdmitAdmitted for a stated scope, nothing wider.03DescribeWhat, where, how and by whom, with calibration.04TimeOne clock across the grid, with its error bound.05ObserveEvery value with quality and provenance.06QualifyTested against the specification, state on record.07FederateSigned exchange across grids and trust domains.08OrchestrateSoftware and configuration by signed plan.09CorrectA correction marks what depends on it and publishes a new version.10ExchangeProducts reach people and applications through versioned interfaces.11ProveSigned proof receipts that an independent verifier can check.12Exit and decommissionAn open exit path, and a record that closes.

The protocol functions this platform relies on most.

02Trust and evidence

Every observation carries its proof.

What a buyer, a regulator or a partner grid can check, on every site we build.

Evidence

Identity and attestation

Hardware-rooted identity, with a quote checked at every join.

Evidence

Segmentation

Least privilege between nodes, tenants and sites.

Evidence

Time integrity

Every clock monitored, every holdover logged.

Evidence

Evidence bundles

What was done, by whom, with what result.

Evidence

Qualification state

Each device and release, with the tests behind it.

Evidence

Signed plans

Software and configuration change only by a signed plan.

03Read further

The open specification behind it.

Observatory Protocol

Specification

Functions, state machines, objects and flows. Read →
Observatory Protocol

Reference designs

Nodes and sites drawn to the protocol. Read →
Observatory Protocol

Conformance

Run the suite against an implementation. Read →

04On this site

Where to go next.

Digital twins and simulation

Areas

Every area, with its systems and standards. Open →
Digital twins and simulation

Technologies

The layered map of what we build with. Open →
Digital twins and simulation

Industries

The industry sites built on this platform. Open →
Digital twins and simulation

Resources

Explainer, stories, specification and forms. Open →

Bring us the site.

We bring the survey, the design and the crew. The form names who receives your details.

Plan a deploymentContact

More presentations

See it from every side.

Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before.

All presentations for this page

In depth

Platform page · Digital twins and simulation Digital twins and simulation: ArchitectureModel the site before you build itUse case Utility grid-edge private LTE and wildfire weatherISIC section · ISIC E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activitiesUse case Mine site private 5G and environmental monitoringUse case Methane fenceline observatory

Explainers

Explainer · Environment and climate Environment and climate — SectorsMethane fencelines, acoustic biodiversity grids, flux towers, river sondes and smoke networks: an interactive explainer with the method behind every number.

How digital twins and simulation is built.

Bring us the site.

We bring the survey, the design and the crew. The form names who receives your details.