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8 × 2.99 Gb/s

Cloud region

Results · 41.0 kb/s

0 km

1,000 km

2,000 km

3,000 km

4,000 km

Region · 1,200 km

Deadline reach · 1,224 km

Edge

Queue empty

Firmware
27d091eb

Bootloader
96640d72

Kernel
c2bb900b

Initrd
0db7606b

Runtime
97d6a78c

Model
c8c2e6e5

Verifier · quote matches

Signed plan

Wave 1 · 5 nodes

122 m AGL

8 × 2.99 Gb/s

Edge · Explainer

Interactive

Compute where the data is born.

Instruments flood a site with raw data. A data centre in a 20 ft container runs the models beside them and sends only results upstream. Seven decisions, each worked out live.

Container
20 ft · 6 racks
Cryptography
SHA-256 · ECDSA P-256
Chapters
7

01 · Raw is heavy

Bitrate

Raw video outruns any backhaul.

An uncompressed frame is width × height × bits per pixel; 8-bit 4:2:0 colour costs 12 bits a pixel. Multiply by the frame rate and the cameras on site and the stream dwarfs a satellite or microwave link long before it reaches a region.

Resolution

Frame rate

Per camera, raw
2.99 Gb/s
Site total, raw
23.89 Gb/s
Per day
257.99 TB
Frames to analyse each second
240

02 · Inference at the edge

Results

Ship the answer, not the pixels.

The GPU servers in the container’s racks turn frames into detections. A binary record of class (2 bytes), confidence (4), box (4 × 4), timestamp (8) and camera (2) is 32 bytes; that, not the frame, is what leaves the site.

Record encoding

Record size
32 bytes
Results upstream
41.0 kb/s
Reduction against raw
583,200 : 1
Results per day
442.4 MB

03 · Latency budget

Round trip

Light in fibre sets the floor.

Glass slows light to about c/1.47, close to 4.9 µs a kilometre. A control loop that must answer within its deadline pays that twice, out and back, before a single switch, queue or model runs. Distance alone can rule a region out.

Round trip against the deadline

Edge, 0.5 km

8.0 ms

Fibre round trip

11.8 ms

Cloud, total

19.8 ms

Deadline

20 ms

Farthest region that still meets it
1,224 km

04 · Store and forward

Outage

When the link drops, the site keeps working.

Inference never stops for the backhaul. Results queue on local disk in order, and when the link returns the backlog drains at whatever capacity the live stream leaves free: drain time = backlog ÷ (link − live rate).

Backhaul

Disk for the queue

Live rate upstream
41.0 kb/s
Backlog at the end of the outage
663.6 MB
Drain time after restore
4.4 min
Outage the disk can hold
12.4 years

05 · Attestation

SHA-256

Prove what booted before trusting what it says.

Each boot stage hashes the next before handing over control and extends a platform configuration register: PCR = SHA-256(PCR ‖ digest). A register can only be extended, never set, so its final value proves the whole chain. A remote verifier compares a signed quote of it with the golden value. Tamper with a stage and watch every later value change.

Tamper with a stage

  • Firmware matches digest 32d4c441c39f15b1… · PCR 27d091eb198d5e9d…
  • Bootloader matches digest e63b965dca79e24e… · PCR 96640d7272ff2502…
  • Kernel matches digest 707e9ff01a3bba3e… · PCR c2bb900b5b91a33c…
  • Initrd matches digest 9ab8295753874ac4… · PCR 0db7606be3601b24…
  • Runtime matches digest b5575b146d0497ee… · PCR 97d6a78c7314e81d…
  • Model matches digest 22a2043d13a5e837… · PCR c8c2e6e596843a93…
Verifier
matches the golden value

06 · Signed plan

ECDSA P-256

A model update is a signed plan, rolled out in waves.

The plan names the model by its digest and the waves of the fleet that take it. It is signed with ECDSA over P-256 and SHA-256; every node verifies the signature against a key it already trusts before it fetches a byte. Change one character after signing and no node moves.

Plan in transit

{“model”:”detector”,”digest”:”sha256:80b1542df0ab…”,”waves”:[{“share”:10},{“share”:100}]}

Signature
8002960c2e96fc76… · 64 bytes
Verification on each node
valid
Nodes updating now
5 of 50

07 · Physical AI

Survey

A drone that flies its own survey.

The same box plans and checks a survey flight. Ground sample distance is sensor width × altitude ÷ (focal length × image width); overlap sets the spacing of the lines. In Canada, Part IX of the Canadian Aviation Regulations caps routine flight at 122 m above ground.

Camera

Ground sample distance
2.74 cm/px
Footprint per image
150 × 100 m
Lines over 600 × 400 m
10 · 44 m apart
Images at 75 % forward overlap
257
Flight at 10 m/s
6.40 km · 10.7 min
Altitude against 122 m
22 m under
Building the site…
Edge · ExplainerInteractive

Compute where the data is born.

Instruments flood a site with raw data. A data centre in a 20 ft container runs the models beside them and sends only results upstream. Seven decisions, each worked out live.

01 · Raw is heavyBitrate

Raw video outruns any backhaul.

An uncompressed frame is width × height × bits per pixel; 8-bit 4:2:0 colour costs 12 bits a pixel. Multiply by the frame rate and the cameras on site and the stream dwarfs a satellite or microwave link long before it reaches a region.

Resolution
Frame rate
Per camera, raw
–
Site total, raw
–
Per day
–
Frames to analyse each second
–
02 · Inference at the edgeResults

Ship the answer, not the pixels.

The GPU servers in the container’s racks turn frames into detections. A binary record of class (2 bytes), confidence (4), box (4 × 4), timestamp (8) and camera (2) is 32 bytes; that, not the frame, is what leaves the site.

Record encoding
Record size
–
Results upstream
–
Reduction against raw
–
Results per day
–
03 · Latency budgetRound trip

Light in fibre sets the floor.

Glass slows light to about c/1.47, close to 4.9 µs a kilometre. A control loop that must answer within its deadline pays that twice, out and back, before a single switch, queue or model runs. Distance alone can rule a region out.

Round trip against the deadline
Farthest region that still meets it
–
04 · Store and forwardOutage

When the link drops, the site keeps working.

Inference never stops for the backhaul. Results queue on local disk in order, and when the link returns the backlog drains at whatever capacity the live stream leaves free: drain time = backlog ÷ (link − live rate).

Backhaul
Disk for the queue
Live rate upstream
–
Backlog at the end of the outage
–
Drain time after restore
–
Outage the disk can hold
–
05 · AttestationSHA-256

Prove what booted before trusting what it says.

Each boot stage hashes the next before handing over control and extends a platform configuration register: PCR = SHA-256(PCR ‖ digest). A register can only be extended, never set, so its final value proves the whole chain. A remote verifier compares a signed quote of it with the golden value. Tamper with a stage and watch every later value change.

Tamper with a stage
    Verifier
    –
    06 · Signed planECDSA P-256

    A model update is a signed plan, rolled out in waves.

    The plan names the model by its digest and the waves of the fleet that take it. It is signed with ECDSA over P-256 and SHA-256; every node verifies the signature against a key it already trusts before it fetches a byte. Change one character after signing and no node moves.

    Plan in transit

    Signature
    –
    Verification on each node
    –
    Nodes updating now
    –
    07 · Physical AISurvey

    A drone that flies its own survey.

    The same box plans and checks a survey flight. Ground sample distance is sensor width × altitude ÷ (focal length × image width); overlap sets the spacing of the lines. In Canada, Part IX of the Canadian Aviation Regulations caps routine flight at 122 m above ground.

    Camera
    Ground sample distance
    –
    Footprint per image
    –
    Lines over 600 × 400 m
    –
    Images at 75 % forward overlap
    –
    Flight at 10 m/s
    –
    Altitude against 122 m
    –