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Use cases
Water: where it is deployed.

Deployment scenarios from the sector research and the use-case library, each with the kit, the data products and the proof a buyer asks for. 22 in all.

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  1. Water · Use cases

    Every catchment, gauged

    Stream gauges and rain networks, groundwater and water-quality sensing, flood observing for utilities and basin authorities, and Earth observation of reservoirs, snow and inundation, delivered with the completeness a hydrologist checks first. Needs: river level and discharge, rainfall and snow, groundwater, water quality and inundation extent.

  2. Use case

    Street flood observatory

    Ultrasonic depth sensors on poles report street-level water depth as open data and alerts. For cities, emergency management agencies and universities. Data products: street-level water depth time series and open data feed and alerts to emergency management and 311. Drawn against OGC SensorThings API 1.1 and Municipal open-data terms.

    Standards
    OGC SensorThings API 1.1 · Municipal open-data terms
  3. Use case

    Low-cost stream gauge network

    Radar or pressure level sensors with low-power radio and solar power, as a cheaper tier beside a national gauge network. For provinces and states, watershed boards. Data products: stage and flow time series and flood-warning inputs, labelled supplementary. Drawn against WMO hydrological observing practices and National gauge standards.

    Standards
    WMO hydrological observing practices · National gauge standards
  4. Use case

    Hybrid air-quality observatory

    A few reference analysers and many low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data feed. For cities, public-health units, school districts. Data products: air-quality index and hyperlocal maps, labelled supplementary, calibrated time series with quality flags and publication route to an open air-quality aggregator.

    Standards
    EU Directive 2024/2881 (ambient air quality) · CEN/TS 17660 (sensor systems) · US EPA FEM/FRM reference methods
  5. Use case

    Mine site private 5G and environmental monitoring

    A standalone 5G core, radios across the pit and edge compute for autonomy, with dust, vibration, slope and weather sensing for environmental records. For mining companies and their contractors. Data products: autonomy and safety communications records and environmental monitoring records (dust, blast vibration, slope, tailings).

    Standards
    3GPP Rel-16/17 URLLC · ISO 17757 (autonomous mining machinery safety) · GISTM (tailings) · ISA/IEC 62443
  6. Use case

    Deployable incident observatory

    A trailer or vehicle with a cell on wheels, satellite backhaul, a mesh kit, a drone and weather and air-quality nodes for an incident base. For emergency management agencies, event organisers, utilities. Data products: incident-base connectivity and situational observations. Drawn against 3GPP LTE/NR, OASIS CAP 1.2 and National incident-management systems.

    Standards
    3GPP LTE/NR · OASIS CAP 1.2 · National incident-management systems
  7. Use case

    Research-infrastructure gap node

    A standardised observation package with a FAIR data pipeline, built to extend a research infrastructure’s coverage. For research infrastructures and universities. Data products: FAIR datasets delivered to research-infrastructure portals. Drawn against ICOS and eLTER quality levels, netCDF/CF and OGC SensorThings API.

    Standards
    ICOS and eLTER quality levels · netCDF/CF · OGC SensorThings API
  8. Use case

    Avalanche detection site

    Doppler radar, infrasound and geophones with a snow and wind station, feeding a road or resort control room. For resorts and road authorities. Data products: release confirmation and road-closure inputs. Drawn against Cantonal and provincial avalanche-safety codes. It runs on the open Observatory Protocol, so other providers can join.

    Standards
    Cantonal and provincial avalanche-safety codes
  9. Trust

    Every node proves what it is

    A node joins only after its hardware root of trust answers an attestation challenge. Keys stay in secure hardware, software arrives signed, and every reading carries a signature, so its origin can be checked by anyone downstream without asking us.

  10. Time and place

    Every reading carries when and where

    Readings are stamped against a disciplined clock, from satellite time or a PTP grandmaster, together with the station position and its siting record. When time or position is degraded, the record says so instead of hiding it, and every analyst downstream sees the same warning.

  11. How it scales

    One base unit, repeated

    A programme starts with one base node and the instruments it reads. A station adds power and radio, a site adds a relay, a fleet repeats the proven site across many places, and a network federates fleets through edge and core. Capacity grows by adding units, never by replacing what works.

  12. What you get

    Hydrometeorological and flood observing networks

    Stream gauges, rain gauges, weather radar and automatic weather stations built to WMO practice, reporting through WIS 2.0 where the agency requires it. Delivered as hardware + software, managed service and build-operate-transfer, for national meteorological and hydrological services, river-basin agencies, utilities.

    Talk to sales
  13. Next step

    Plan a water deployment

    Tell us the sites, the measurements and the people who will use them. We reply with a design and a scope for water. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Plan a deploymentOpen the StudioRead the stories

01Specialized fields

Each field has its own setup.

The measurements, radio, power and crew work differ from one field to the next. Open a field for its full stack, from order to operation.

Specialized field

Rivers and flood warning

River level and flow, rainfall and cameras at gauging stations, flood forecasts and warnings issued by the authority, on links that keep working when the river rises.The full field →
Specialized field

Groundwater and aquifers

Water levels, salinity and abstraction in monitoring and production wells, on battery endpoints and LoRaWAN, for aquifer management, licensing and drought planning.The full field →
Specialized field

Drinking water treatment and networks

Water quality from source to tap, pressure and flow by district, acoustic leak detection and treatment plant monitoring, on secure networks kept apart from plant control.The full field →
Specialized field

Wastewater and sewer networks

Sewer levels and overflow events, pumping station status, treatment plant effluent and receiving water quality, to cut overflows and prove compliance.The full field →
Specialized field

Lakes and reservoirs

Buoys and profilers for temperature, oxygen and algae, inflow and level, satellite views of blooms, so water suppliers and lake managers act before a bloom closes a source or a beach.The full field →

02Use-case library

Worked use cases, kit to data product.

Each names who deploys it, the kit by device class, the data products it publishes and the standards it is drawn against. Open one for its full page.

Use case · low complexity

Street flood observatory

Ultrasonic depth sensors on poles report street-level water depth as open data and alerts.
Who
Cities, emergency management agencies and universities.
Data
Street-level water depth time series; Open data feed and alerts to emergency management and 311
OGC SensorThings API 1.1 Municipal open-data terms The full use case →
Use case · low to medium complexity

Hybrid air-quality observatory

A few reference analysers and many low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data feed.
Who
Cities, public-health units, school districts.
Data
Air-quality index and hyperlocal maps, labelled supplementary; Calibrated time series with quality flags; Publication route to an open air-quality aggregator
EU Directive 2024/2881 (ambient air quality) CEN/TS 17660 (sensor systems) US EPA FEM/FRM reference methods The full use case →
Use case · high complexity

GBON gap-filler station

A WMO-grade surface station, optional upper-air ground station and a WIS 2.0 node, built to report reliably where the global basic observing network has gaps.
Who
National meteorological and hydrological services, through their implementing entities.
Data
Hourly and sub-hourly BUFR observations to WIS 2.0; National open data and verification feeds; Reporting-uptime evidence
WMO-No. 8 (CIMO Guide) WMO-No. 1160 (Manual on WIGOS, GBON) WMO WIS 2.0 WMO-No. 306 (BUFR) The full use case →
Use case · medium complexity

Wildfire camera and fire-weather node

Pan-tilt and thermal cameras with edge inference on a ridgeline tower, co-located with a fire-weather station.
Who
Electric utilities, provinces and states, counties.
Data
Smoke-detection alerts to dispatch, labelled supplementary; Public camera feeds; Fire-weather indices
OASIS CAP 1.2 (outbound alerts) NWCG RAWS standards NFPA 1600 The full use case →
Use case · high complexity

Utility grid-edge private LTE and wildfire weather

Private LTE on substations and poles for distribution automation, with weather nodes that inform public-safety power shutoff decisions.
Who
Electric utilities.
Data
Fault location, isolation and service restoration telemetry; Distributed-energy control and islanding events; Wildfire-risk weather observations
3GPP Band 106 IEC 61850 IEEE 1547 / 2030.5 NERC CIP The full use case →
Use case · high complexity

Mine site private 5G and environmental monitoring

A standalone 5G core, radios across the pit and edge compute for autonomy, with dust, vibration, slope and weather sensing for environmental records.
Who
Mining companies and their contractors.
Data
Autonomy and safety communications records; Environmental monitoring records (dust, blast vibration, slope, tailings)
3GPP Rel-16/17 URLLC ISO 17757 (autonomous mining machinery safety) GISTM (tailings) ISA/IEC 62443 The full use case →
Use case · medium to high complexity

Methane fenceline observatory

Point sensors on the fenceline with optical gas imaging and quantification, feeding leak-detection reports.
Who
Oil and gas operators.
Data
Leak-detection survey records; Site-level emission estimates with uncertainty
Regulation (EU) 2024/1787 OGMP 2.0 reporting levels The full use case →
Use case · low complexity

Bioacoustic biodiversity observatory

Open-hardware acoustic recorders on solar power with low-power radio or satellite uplink, for species baselines.
Who
Conservation organisations, parks, credit developers.
Data
Species occupancy and acoustic baselines
FAIR data principles The full use case →
Use case · low to medium complexity

Low-cost stream gauge network

Radar or pressure level sensors with low-power radio and solar power, as a cheaper tier beside a national gauge network.
Who
Provinces and states, watershed boards.
Data
Stage and flow time series; Flood-warning inputs, labelled supplementary
WMO hydrological observing practices National gauge standards The full use case →
Use case · medium complexity

Deployable incident observatory

A trailer or vehicle with a cell on wheels, satellite backhaul, a mesh kit, a drone and weather and air-quality nodes for an incident base.
Who
Emergency management agencies, event organisers, utilities.
Data
Incident-base connectivity and situational observations
3GPP LTE/NR OASIS CAP 1.2 National incident-management systems The full use case →
Use case · medium to high complexity

Research-infrastructure gap node

A standardised observation package with a FAIR data pipeline, built to extend a research infrastructure’s coverage.
Who
Research infrastructures and universities.
Data
FAIR datasets delivered to research-infrastructure portals
ICOS and eLTER quality levels netCDF/CF OGC SensorThings API The full use case →
Use case · medium complexity

State or provincial mesonet site

A full weather station on a solar-powered tower with soil sensors, one of a dense network run by a university.
Who
Universities, provinces and states.
Data
Hyperlocal observations for forecasters and emergency managers
National mesonet programme standards WMO-No. 8 The full use case →
Use case · high complexity

Avalanche detection site

Doppler radar, infrasound and geophones with a snow and wind station, feeding a road or resort control room.
Who
Resorts and road authorities.
Data
Release confirmation and road-closure inputs
Cantonal and provincial avalanche-safety codes The full use case →
Use case · high complexity

Highway corridor coverage and safety sensing

Small cells with satellite backhaul along an unserved highway, with road-weather and camera nodes.
Who
Provinces and states, carriers.
Data
Coverage maps and road-condition observations
3GPP LTE/NR NTCIP 1204 The full use case →

03Environment and climate

Environment and climate: deployment scenarios.

Measurement, reporting and verification for methane, carbon, biodiversity and water quality.

Environment and climate

Methane fenceline and site-level continuous monitoring

Regulatory cadences in the EU and reporting levels in voluntary frameworks.The full use case →
Environment and climate

Biodiversity measurement with acoustics and camera traps

Acoustic baselines as a biodiversity data source; no registry methodology accepting acoustic data was found.The full use case →
Environment and climate

Wildfire smoke and particulate health networks

Overlaps with cities and public safety.The full use case →

04Government and public safety

Government and public safety: deployment scenarios.

Emergency management, wildfire, flood and early-warning delivery. The demand signal is data gaps and sustained operation, not hardware.

Government and public safety

National GBON surface and upper-air network

WMO-grade stations reporting through WIS 2.0, funded through the systematic-observations financing pathway.The full use case →
Government and public safety

Wildfire camera network and fire-weather stations

Camera towers with edge inference and co-located fire-weather stations, utility- or agency-funded.The full use case →
Government and public safety

Urban street-flood sensor network

Open-hardware depth sensors with open data and alerts to emergency management.The full use case →

Government and public safety

Alerting integration with the Common Alerting Protocol and cell broadcast

Software-heavy: sensor triggers feed an alert origination tool; the alert authority keeps every decision.

Government and public safety

Deployable communications and sensing for incident command

A cell on wheels with satellite backhaul, mesh telemetry and environment nodes at the incident base.The full use case →

05Across the industry

Across the classification.

Use cases mapped to the UN ISIC Rev. 4 sections this site covers.

  • Network and reservoir monitoring
  • Combined sewer overflow detection
  • Landfill gas and leachate monitoring

06Proof

What buyers ask to see.

  • Regulator acceptance, third-party verification, uncertainty quantification, reconciliation at the highest reporting level, open methods.
  • Reporting uptime, data-format conformance, independently evaluated false-alarm rates, time to repair, references from a meteorological service or an emergency agency, bilingual alerting where required.
  • Sensor calibration traceability, data completeness, regulator-format reporting

Ready when you are.

Plan a deployment, configure a station or talk to sales. Every request reaches the team that answers it.

Plan a deploymentStation BuilderTalk to sales

Bring us the site.

Survey, design, deployment and operation for water. The form names who receives your details.

Talk to usPlan a deployment

Water: where it is deployed.

Reference design, drawn to scale · drag to turn