Frontier · IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
Store-and-forward satellite IoT
Regenerative satellites that hold uplinked data until a ground station is in view.
3GPP Rel-19 IoT-NTN store-and-forward work item
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Transport/
Systems and technologiesThe systems behind transport.
The technologies that carry this industry’s observations, ranked against what it needs to observe and drawn from across the spectrum.
Plan a deploymentUse casesOpen the explainerReference design, drawn to scale · drag to turn
Transport · Systems and technologies
Corridors that report their own conditions
Road-weather and corridor sensing, avalanche and slope detection above the line, port and maritime observation, timing and positioning integrity, and connectivity along routes where coverage ends. Needs: road surface and visibility, slope, snow and avalanche, port and vessel conditions, positioning integrity and coverage along routes.
Platform · Sensors & instruments
Measurements that carry their own proof
Weather and environment stations to WMO practice, RF spectrum sensing in the band, and calibration that is traceable, recorded and repeated. Every value leaves with its metadata, quality flag and provenance. Or buy the observations and leave the hardware to us: Sensing as a Service.
Sensors & instrumentsPlatform · Connectivity
Private 5G, AI-RAN and orbit, on site
Standalone private 5G and O-RAN, AI-RAN on shared accelerated compute, LEO and GEO backhaul and 3GPP direct-to-device, LPWAN and mesh for sensors over kilometres, PTP timing inside the budget, and the spectrum route for each country. Every reading and every change leaves a record that can be checked later.
ConnectivityPlatform · Edge compute & AI
Inference beside the instrument
A modular edge data centre at the foot of the tower, multi-access edge computing one hop from the radio, inference on the live stream, scientific models run where the data lands, and physical AI for drones and robots, inside published red lines.
Edge compute & AIPlatform · Data & licensing
Grid data, licensed for your use
Research, commercial API, enterprise and government tiers, the licence of every source carried through to every product, routes from licensed to open release, and residency fixed by contract. It is delivered and supported by Nexus Observatory Inc. The evidence travels with the data wherever it goes.
Data & licensingPlatform · Space and satellite systems
From orbit to the ground, on one protocol
Spacecraft buses and payload classes, constellations sized to revisit and coverage, non-terrestrial networks and 3GPP direct-to-device, tasking and downlink, and space safety from tracking to conjunction awareness. Every pass, product and link carries its provenance into the grid. The same design repeats from the first site to the last.
Space and satellite systemsPlatform · Positioning, navigation and timing
Where and when, with the error bound
GNSS reference stations tied to the geodetic frame, PTP and SyncE time distribution engineered to the budget, grandmasters and holdover that ride through outages, and resilient PNT that finds jamming and spoofing before a timestamp goes wrong. It runs on the open Observatory Protocol, so other providers can join.
Platform · Earth observation & GeoAI
The ground, measured and modelled
Ground-segment downlink and processing at the edge, drone and imagery campaigns planned to the ground sample distance, site twins measured in 3D, and GeoAI trained and checked against field truth, with the source and licence of every layer in view.
Earth observation & GeoAIHow it scales
One base unit, repeated
A programme starts with one base node and the instruments it reads. A station adds power and radio, a site adds a relay, a fleet repeats the proven site across many places, and a network federates fleets through edge and core. Capacity grows by adding units, never by replacing what works.
Updates
Updates in rings, with rollback
Software and configuration reach the fleet in rings: a canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave and returns each node to its last good release, without a site visit.
Field service
One crew, from survey to repair
The same crew surveys, installs, commissions, calibrates and repairs, working from the site’s own record. Each visit updates it, so the next crew knows exactly what is there, when it was last checked and why it was changed. Spares and references are planned from that history.
What you get
Transport and logistics corridor sensing
Road weather, rail condition, port and cold-chain sensing along corridors, with connectivity where coverage ends. Delivered as managed service and data licence, for transport agencies, rail and port operators, logistics firms. Scale: Corridor to network. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.
Talk to salesNext step
Plan a transport deployment
Tell us the sites, the measurements and the people who will use them. We reply with a design and a scope for transport. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.
Plan a deploymentOpen the StudioRead the stories
01IoT, LPWAN and mesh
Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks.
Frontier · IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
NR NTN and direct-to-device
5G NR links from satellites to standard devices, including RedCap over NTN in Rel-19.
3GPP TS 38.300 (Rel-17 NR NTN) · 3GPP TR 38.821 (NR NTN solutions)
Frontier · IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
LoRa-class links to satellites
LPWAN modulations received by satellites for remote sensors with very small payloads.
LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP002 (LR-FHSS)
IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
NB-IoT and LTE-M over satellite (IoT-NTN)
Standard cellular IoT devices reaching satellites where there is no terrestrial coverage.
3GPP TR 36.763 (NB-IoT/eMTC over NTN) · 3GPP TS 36.300 (Rel-17 IoT-NTN)
IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
Mobile-satellite messaging terminals
L-band and S-band short-burst data terminals for remote stations and alarms.
ITU Radio Regulations (mobile-satellite service)
IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
Satellite terminal licensing
Authorisation of terminals and earth stations country by country.
ISED Radio Standards Specifications (Canada) · ITU Radio Regulations
02Spectrum, timing and PNT
Interference, jamming and spoofing detection.
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Interference, jamming and spoofing detection
GNSS interference monitoring
Fixed sensors that detect and characterise GNSS interference near critical sites; detection and reporting only.
ICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual) · ITU RR Art. 15
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Interference, jamming and spoofing detection
Spoofing detection
Signal-level checks, authentication and cross-checks with other sources that flag counterfeit GNSS signals.
Galileo OSNMA SIS ICD · DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Interference, jamming and spoofing detection
Jammer location to support enforcement
Locating jamming sources and passing evidence to the regulator, which holds enforcement authority.
Radiocommunication Act (Canada) · ITU RR Appendix 10
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Interference, jamming and spoofing detection
Timing anomaly detection
Watching time error and source agreement so a bad reference is rejected before it spreads.
ITU-T G.8273.2 · IETF RFC 7384
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Interference, jamming and spoofing detection
Interference-resistant antennas
Multi-element and null-steering antennas that reduce the effect of interference on receivers.
DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Interference, jamming and spoofing detection
Aviation and maritime GNSS disruption awareness
Sharing detected disruption with aviation and marine users through the proper authorities.
ICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual)
035G and 6G radio access networks
Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters.
5G and 6G radio access networks · Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
Macro sites
Tower and rooftop base stations that carry wide-area coverage and most traffic.
3GPP TS 38.104 (BS radio transmission and reception) · ANSI/TIA-222 (antenna supporting structures) · CSA S37 (antennas, towers and antenna-supporting structures)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
Small cells
Medium-range and local-area base stations for capacity hotspots, streets, campuses and indoor spaces.
3GPP TS 38.104 (medium range and local area BS classes) · Small Cell Forum SCF222 (5G FAPI PHY API)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
Distributed antenna systems
Passive, active and digital DAS that spread one or more operators’ signals through buildings, tunnels and venues.
3GPP TS 38.106 (NR repeater radio) · IEC 62232 (RF field strength near base stations)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
Repeaters and network-controlled repeaters
RF repeaters, including beam- and TDD-aware repeaters controlled by the gNB, for low-cost coverage extension.
3GPP TS 38.106 (NR repeater) · 3GPP TR 38.867 (network-controlled repeaters, Rel-18)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
Integrated access and backhaul
NR used to backhaul other NR cells wirelessly, useful where fibre or microwave is impractical.
3GPP TS 38.300 (IAB, Rel-16) · 3GPP TS 38.174 (IAB radio)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
Public-safety in-building coverage
Emergency responder radio coverage systems required in many buildings by fire and building codes.
NFPA 1225 (emergency services communications)
04Satellite and space systems
Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device.
Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Regenerative payloads and on-board processing
Payloads that demodulate, route or run base-station functions in orbit, cutting gateway dependence and latency.
3GPP Rel-19 NR NTN enhancements (regenerative payload) · 3GPP TS 38.300
Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Direct-to-device in mobile bands
Satellites serving unmodified phones in terrestrial mobile spectrum to extend coverage at the edge of networks.
FCC Supplemental Coverage from Space framework (2024) · ITU WRC-27 agenda item 1.13 (Resolution 253 (WRC-23))
Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Store-and-forward satellite IoT
Satellites that collect data when out of gateway view and deliver later, suited to sparse sensor networks.
3GPP Rel-19 IoT NTN store-and-forward
Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Transparent (bent-pipe) payloads
Payloads that frequency-translate and amplify signals, keeping the gNB or hub on the ground.
3GPP TS 38.300 (NTN, Rel-17) · 3GPP TR 38.821 (NR NTN solutions)
Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Multibeam and digitally beamformed payloads
Hundreds of steerable spot beams with flexible power and bandwidth that follow demand across a coverage area.
ETSI EN 302 307-2 (DVB-S2X) · Rec. ITU-R S.1503
Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
5G NR over satellite (NR-NTN)
3GPP NR adapted for satellite delay and Doppler so standard 5G devices and cores work over orbiting access.
3GPP TS 38.300 (NTN, Rel-17) · 3GPP TS 38.101-5 (UE RF, satellite access) · 3GPP TS 38.108 (satellite access node radio)
05Spectrum, timing and PNT
Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP.
Frontier · Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP
Sub-nanosecond timing (high-accuracy profile)
Enhanced PTP techniques for sub-nanosecond alignment in science and metrology networks.
IEEE 1588-2019 (high accuracy default PTP profile)
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP
Precision Time Protocol
The base protocol for distributing time and phase over packet networks.
IEEE 1588-2019
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP
Telecom profile with full timing support
Every node a boundary or transparent clock, for the phase accuracy TDD and Open RAN need.
ITU-T G.8275.1 · ITU-T G.8273.2 (T-BC and T-TSC classes) · ITU-T G.8273.3 (T-TC)
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP
Telecom profile with partial timing support
Timing over networks that do not support PTP in every node, often with local GNSS assist.
ITU-T G.8275.2 · ITU-T G.8273.4 (partial timing support clocks)
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP
Frequency synchronisation profile
PTP used to deliver frequency only, for FDD and legacy equipment.
ITU-T G.8265.1
Spectrum, timing and PNT · Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP
Synchronous Ethernet and enhanced SyncE
Physical-layer frequency distribution that stabilises PTP and supports holdover.
ITU-T G.8261 · ITU-T G.8262 and G.8262.1 (EEC and eEEC) · ITU-T G.8264 (ESMC)
06In situ sensors and instruments
Ocean and coastal.
In situ sensors and instruments · Ocean and coastal
CTD profilers
Conductivity, temperature and depth instruments for salinity and density profiles.
TEOS-10 (thermodynamic equation of seawater) · GO-SHIP hydrographic manual
In situ sensors and instruments · Ocean and coastal
Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ocean)
Moored and hull-mounted profilers for currents through the water column.
IOOS QARTOD manual for in situ currents
In situ sensors and instruments · Ocean and coastal
Moored and drifting buoys
Surface meteorology, waves and sea temperature from moorings and drifters.
WMO/IOC Data Buoy Cooperation Panel practices · IOOS QARTOD manual for waves
In situ sensors and instruments · Ocean and coastal
Argo-class profiling floats
Autonomous floats that profile temperature, salinity and biogeochemistry to depth on a regular cycle.
Argo data management documentation · OceanOPS
In situ sensors and instruments · Ocean and coastal
Tide gauges and sea level
Long-term sea level and storm surge records tied to geodetic benchmarks.
IOC Manuals and Guides 14 (Manual on Sea Level Measurement and Interpretation) · GLOSS
In situ sensors and instruments · Ocean and coastal
Gliders and uncrewed surface vehicles
Mobile autonomous platforms that sample along tracks for weeks.
GOOS Essential Ocean Variables
07Every domain
The rest of the spectrum.
The domains whose layers serve this industry, each with its full directory.
Layers · 8 · items · 61In situ sensors and instruments
Instruments placed in the air, water, ground and spectrum, from weather stations to seismometers, radars and cameras, with the calibration, metadata and quality control that make their readings evidence.Layers · 8 · items · 625G and 6G radio access networks
The radio access network from site to spectrum: macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters, massive MIMO, NR bands and TDD synchronisation, NR features such as RedCap, positioning and sidelink, private and shared networks, Wi-Fi coexistence, 6G and ISAC, and the planning and assurance that keep it working.Layers · 8 · items · 60AI-RAN and Open RAN
Disaggregated, software-defined and AI-assisted radio access: the O-RAN architecture and its open interfaces, 7.2x fronthaul, RAN intelligent controllers with xApps and rApps, SMO and O-Cloud, accelerated L1, shared GPU infrastructure for RAN and AI, AI/ML in the 3GPP air interface, energy saving, and the test and integration work that makes multi-supplier RAN deployable.Layers · 8 · items · 60Core and transport networks
The networks behind the radio: the 5G core and its functions, slicing and edge breakout, IMS voice and emergency calling, fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul over microwave, E-band, fibre, free-space optics and satellite, IP/MPLS and segment routing, IPv6, automation and intent, and the security that holds it together.Layers · 8 · items · 66Satellite and space systems
The space segment end to end: orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses, communications and Earth observation payloads, inter-satellite links, tracking and command, space safety, launch, and the licensing and filings that let a system operate over a site.Layers · 8 · items · 63Ground segment
Everything on the ground that talks to spacecraft: gateways and teleports, user terminals, modems and software-defined radio, shared antenna networks, CCSDS protocol stacks, mission control, data processing and the spectrum coordination behind each earth station.Layers · 7 · items · 59Spectrum, timing and PNT
The shared foundations every network and sensor depends on: how spectrum is licensed, shared and monitored, GNSS positioning and its corrections, packet timing with PTP and SyncE, grandmasters and holdover, resilient PNT alternatives, and the detection of interference, jamming and spoofing.Layers · 8 · items · 54IoT, LPWAN and mesh
The radios, networks, gateways, device management and field protocols that connect low-power sensors and controllers to the grid, sized to a measured power budget.Layers · 8 · items · 65Compute and edge
Compute placed where data is produced and decisions are needed: the device, far, near and regional edge tiers, multi-access edge computing, modular edge data centres including the AI tower in a box, servers and accelerators, storage, power and cooling, ruggedisation, fleet orchestration, OTA and GitOps, and the hardware trust that makes remote sites safe to run.Layers · 8 · items · 65AI systems
AI from model to accountable operation: edge inference and model optimisation, foundation models for Earth observation and geospatial work, time-series and sensor AI, multimodal fusion and supervised agentic operations, federated and privacy-preserving learning, physical AI and robotics within stated red lines, MLOps, evaluation and model risk, and the governance frameworks that apply to each.Layers · 8 · items · 59Data, software and interoperability
How observations move from the edge into stores, catalogues and APIs with their provenance, licence and residency attached, and how they interoperate through open standards and the open Observatory Protocol.Layers · 8 · items · 67Remote sensing and Earth observation
Every platform, sensor, processing level and ground-segment step that turns remote measurements of the Earth into calibrated, analysis-ready evidence for a site, a region or a network.Layers · 8 · items · 65GIS, maps and GeoAI
The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information.Bring us the site.
Survey, design, deployment and operation for transport. The form names who receives your details.
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