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Hardware & power/
Form factorsForm factors, inside Hardware & power: solar PV modules, PV array design, MPPT charge controllers and converters, stand-alone PV system sizing and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from IEC 61215 series (design qualification) to IEC 61730 series (module safety), and runs on the open Observatory Protocol.
Plan with usArchitectureThe protocolReference design, drawn to scale · drag to turn · hover a part
01What it is
How a remote site is powered, stored, distributed, cooled, sealed, tested, grounded, held up and kept safe, from a solar-powered sensor to a hybrid microgrid on a guyed mast. Each technology below carries what it is, what we do with it, and the standard it is drawn against.
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Module design qualification and safety for decades outdoors, including snow, hail and heat.
We design, integrate, deploy, operate and maintain.
IEC 61215 series (design qualification) · IEC 61730 series (module safety)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
String sizing, tilt, mounting, cabling and protection of the array.
We design and deploy.
IEC 62548 (PV array design requirements)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Tracking the maximum power point and charging storage efficiently and safely.
We design, integrate and maintain.
IEC 62509 (battery charge controllers) · EN 50530 (inverter efficiency including MPPT) · IEC 62109 (power converter safety)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Sizing array and storage for days of autonomy at the worst month and latitude.
We design.
IEC 62124 (stand-alone PV design verification) · IEEE 1562 (sizing PV arrays and batteries for stand-alone systems)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Wind generation for high-latitude and winter sites where solar is weak.
We design, integrate and deploy.
IEC 61400-2 (small wind turbines)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Diesel, propane and gas generators as primary or backup power with fuel logistics.
We design, integrate, deploy, operate and maintain.
ISO 8528 series (reciprocating engine generating sets)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Methanol and hydrogen fuel cells for quiet, low-maintenance power at sites without sun or fuel trucks.
We design, integrate and deploy.
IEC 62282-3-100 (stationary fuel cell safety) · IEC 62282-5-100 (portable fuel cell safety)
Power, energy and ruggedisation
Solid-state generators running on fuel or waste heat for remote pipelines and stations.
We design and integrate.
IEC 62830 series (energy harvesting, reference)
Frontier · Power, energy and ruggedisation
Higher-efficiency cells under evaluation for weight-limited and low-light sites.
We integrate.
IEC 61215 series (qualification baseline)
02Architecture
Form factors draws on 1 domain and 8 layers of the spectrum; the highlighted layers carry this area. It speaks 3 of the protocol’s 8 core functions.
Generation
9
Storage
9
Microgrids and distribution
9
Energy management and monitoring
7
Thermal design and ingress
8
Environmental and EMC testing
7
Lightning, grounding and structures
8
Safety and transport
7
01JoinIdentity, attestation quote, signed policy.
02AdmitAdmitted for a stated scope, nothing wider.
03DescribeWhat, where, how and by whom, with calibration.
04TimeOne clock across the grid, with its error bound.
05ObserveEvery value with quality and provenance.
06QualifyTested against the specification, state on record.
07FederateSigned exchange across grids and trust domains.
08OrchestrateSoftware and configuration by signed plan.
03On the grid
The open networks on the grid today, over real relief and the geodesic cells we count them into, filtered to the energy industry domain this area serves. A site built here enrols into the same grid.
04In the field
6 deployment scenarios from the sector research that rely on form factors.
Government and public safety05Open and enterprise
The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract.
Open, on the main site
Enterprise, on this site
06The rest of the line
Survey, design, deployment and operation for form factors. The form names who receives your details.
Talk to uscontact@observatory.globalForm factors, inside Hardware & power: solar PV modules, PV array design, MPPT charge controllers and converters, stand-alone PV system sizing and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from IEC 61215 series (design qualification) to IEC 61730 series (module safety), and runs on the open Observatory Protocol.
The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract.
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