Vector, raster and array formats.

Technologies

• Simple features and geometry models The common geometry model behind spatial databases and exchange formats.
• GeoJSON Lightweight JSON encoding for features on the web and in APIs.
• GeoPackage A single-file SQLite container for vectors, tiles and attributes that works offline in the field.
• GeoParquet Columnar storage of vector features for fast analytics and cloud queries over very large tables.
• Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) Tiled, overview-bearing GeoTIFF that can be read in parts over HTTP without downloading the file.
• Zarr and multidimensional arrays Chunked, compressed arrays for data cubes, model output and long time series in object storage.
• netCDF and HDF5 Self-describing scientific array formats used by climate, ocean and satellite products.
• Coverages The general model for gridded and sampled fields such as rasters, point clouds and time series.
• Point clouds Exchange and streaming of lidar and photogrammetric points with classification and intensity.
• Geography Markup Language XML encoding used by many national and regulatory data exchanges.