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Ports and terminals

Ports and terminals, measured from quay to fence.

A port works when cranes can lift, ships can berth and neighbours can breathe. Wind, water level, air quality and noise sensors, cameras and a private network across the terminal report to one record that the harbour master, the terminal operator and the environment team share.

Plan a deploymentHow it worksStation Builder
Industry
Transport
Measurements
6
Sources cited
5
  1. Transport · Ports and terminals

    Cranes, ships and neighbours

    A container crane stops when the wind gusts beyond its limit, a ship waits for the tide, and the homes beyond the fence breathe the port’s air and hear its night shift. Ports that measure wind, water, air and noise across the terminal work closer to their limits and answer their neighbours with evidence.

  2. What is measured

    Wind, water, air, noise and images

    Anemometers on crane booms and across the terminal read wind and gusts. Tide gauges at the entrance and berths read water level against the chart datum, set beside surveyed depths. Monitors at the boundary measure air quality and noise, and cameras watch quays and gates.

    Instruments
    Crane anemometers · Tide gauges · Air-quality monitors · Noise monitors · Cameras
  3. The base node

    A node that stops the cranes in time

    The terminal’s edge node reads every point, signs each value and keeps it through any outage. It raises crane wind alarms within seconds, combines tide with berth depth for each arrival, and checks air and noise against limits with the wind direction, so a source can be traced.

  4. Radio and links

    Private 5G across the terminal

    A private 5G network across quays and yards carries sensors, cameras and moving equipment, with small cells placed to see past container stacks. The port’s fibre links the core, the gates and the control buildings, and battery monitors at the boundary report over LoRaWAN.

    Links
    Private 5G · Fibre · LoRaWAN
  5. How it works

    From a gust to a crane stop

    An anemometer on a crane boom reads a gust beyond the terminal’s limit. The reading travels over the private network to the edge node, which raises the alarm to the crane driver and terminal control within seconds. The operating system replans moves, and the record keeps it all.

  6. From order to operation · Order

    Scope the port and its limits

    The scope reads the port layout, crane operating limits, berth and channel depths, the environmental permit and the security plan. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the point plan by crane, berth and boundary, the private network design, the integration with port systems and a price per point and per service.

    Plan a deployment
  7. From order to operation · Survey

    Survey quays, cranes and the fence

    Crews survey with the terminal’s engineers: crane mounting points, berth and tide gauge sites, boundary monitor sites facing homes, and radio sites that see past container stacks. They plan access around operations and record security rules for every area. Every candidate site is photographed for the design.

  8. From order to operation · Permits

    Security, harbour and city

    Work inside the port facility follows its security plan and passes. Tide gauges and anything in the water need the harbour master’s consent, and boundary monitors are placed with the city’s environment team. The private network’s spectrum follows the national licence.

  9. From order to operation · Build

    Build for salt air

    Sensors, nodes, small cells and the network core are built for salt air, tested together and enrolled with their identities. Crane wind limits come from the crane manufacturers’ operating limits as the terminal holds them, and every part is labelled with its crane, berth or boundary site.

    Open the Station Builder
  10. From order to operation · Install

    Install between ships

    Crews install between vessel calls: anemometers on crane booms, tide gauges at berths, monitors at the boundary, cameras over quays and small cells on lighting towers. The core goes into the control building, and every point is photographed and located.

  11. From order to operation · Commission

    Test alarms with the cranes

    Each device proves its identity on the private network. Anemometers are checked against a reference, tide gauges against the datum, air and noise monitors against reference instruments. Crane wind alarms are tested with the crane drivers and the control room.

  12. From order to operation · Operate

    Lift, berth and report on evidence

    Crane drivers and the control room see wind at every crane, pilots and the harbour master see tide and depth for each arrival, and the environment team sees air and noise at the boundary with wind direction. Every alarm and every report is kept on one record.

  13. From order to operation · Maintain

    Keep the port’s numbers trusted

    Anemometers are checked on schedule and after storms, tide gauges against the datum, air and noise monitors calibrated as their methods require, and cameras cleaned of salt. Every change is recorded, so boundary series stand up when the city asks.

    Book field services
  14. Data products

    For drivers, pilots and the city

    Crane drivers and terminal control receive wind alarms; harbour masters and pilots receive tide and depth for each arrival; environment teams and city authorities receive boundary air and noise reports; port security receives quay and gate images. Each product carries the siting and calibration behind it.

    See the data products
  15. Evidence

    Boundary records the city accepts

    Every reading, alarm and report is signed and kept. Depths follow hydrographic survey standards, air quality and noise follow the European directives, port facility security follows the international code, and data is shared through open standards, so the city, the regulator and the port read the same record.

    Drawn against
    IHO S-44 · Directive 2008/50/EC · Directive 2002/49/EC · ISPS Code
  16. What you get

    Private Wireless as a Service

    Standalone private 5G or LTE for a site, campus, port or mine: radios, core, SIMs, spectrum route and operations. Delivered as managed service and hardware + software, for industrial operators, ports, campuses, venues, public safety. Scale: Per site; fleets of sites.

    Talk to sales
  17. Next step

    Plan ports and terminals with us

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for ports and terminals. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Plan a deploymentOpen the Station BuilderOpen the Studio

01The place and its hazards

Where it runs, and what can go wrong.

Operating contextPorts combine a harbour authority that manages water, berths and navigation with terminal operators that move containers, bulk and passengers. Cranes stop in high wind, ships need water depth and tide, and the port boundary faces air quality and noise limits from the city around it. Security rules govern port facilities, and terminals increasingly run on private wireless.

Hazards

  • High wind stopping cranes or blowing containers
  • Ships grounding where depth is less than charted
  • Air quality and noise affecting neighbouring communities
  • Collisions between vehicles and people on the quay
  • Security incidents at the port facility

02What must be measured

What, where, how often, and under which rules.

Each measurement names where it is taken, how often, and the public standard or regulation behind it. Numbers in the sources column open the cited source below.

MeasurementWhereCadenceSources
Wind speed and gustsCrane booms and representative points across the terminalContinuous, alarms within seconds1
Water level and tideTide gauges at the harbour entrance and berthsContinuous2
Water depthChannels and berths, from hydrographic surveysOn the harbour authority’s survey schedule2
Air qualityMonitors at the port boundary and near berthsContinuous3
Environmental noiseMonitors at the boundary facing homesContinuous4
Quay and gate imagesCameras at gates, quays and yardsContinuous to the security room5

03The observation stack

From one base unit to a network.

The same blocks at every scale: instruments and a base node, a site with its radio, a fleet run as one, and a network federated on the open protocol.

  1. 01

    Base unit

    A terminal point: wind, water level, air or noise sensors read by an edge node on the port’s private network.

    Build a station →
  2. 02

    Site

    A terminal: points on cranes, berths and the boundary, a private 5G network and fibre to the port’s systems.

    Plan a site →
  3. 03

    Fleet

    Every terminal of a port or operator run as one fleet, with one record.

    Managed offers →
  4. 04

    Network

    Harbour authorities, terminals, cities and pilots exchange conditions and environmental records through open standards.

    The open protocol →
  • 01Compact weather station
  • 02Water level gauge
  • 03Air quality monitor
  • 04PTZ camera
  • 05Edge node (Wedge)
  • 06Cellular modem/router
  • 07Small cell (4G/5G)
  • 085G core appliance (UPF/core)
  • 09Fibre terminal
  • 10Lattice tower

Radio and links

Private 5G

One private network across quays and yards carries sensors, cameras and the terminal’s moving equipment, where steel stacks block other radios.

Radio and links

Fibre

The port’s own fibre links the network core, the gates and the control buildings.

Radio and links

LoRaWAN

Battery noise and air monitors at the boundary reach a gateway without new cables.

Edge computeThe terminal’s node raises crane wind alarms within seconds, combines tide with berth depth for each arrival, and checks air and noise against limits with the wind direction, so a source can be traced.

PowerPoints run on terminal power with a battery for outages; boundary monitors run on solar where no supply is near.

04How it works

From the instrument to the product.

One observation’s path, tier by tier, with the interface on every link and a bill of materials below; then how the one node grows to a site, a fleet and federated networks.

Ports and terminals: data path

– of 09

01 Instruments Measurement with sensor identity andcalibration 02 Node – Wrap in an observation envelope with timequality– Measure quality and uncertainty, attachquality flags– Buffer locally (store-and-forward when thelink drops) 03 Field radio 04 Radio access 05 Core network 06 Backhaul Commit with transactional outbox andpublish, delivered at least once 07 Site Consumer inbox deduplicates and applieseach record once into governed data 08 Data store Governed product through API, map orexport, correction-aware 09 Products OGC SensorThings API3GPP 5GIHO S-44 10 Power and structure 01 Compact weather station SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet 02 Water level gauge SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet 03 Air quality monitor SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet 04 PTZ camera Ethernet 05 Edge node (Wedge) Ethernet · Fibre · USB · RS-485 ·BMC 06 Cellular modem/router Ethernet · USB · RS-232 07 Small cell (4G/5G) Ethernet · Fibre · GNSS antenna ·1PPS/10 MHz 08 5G core appliance (UPF/core) Ethernet · Fibre · BMC 09 Fibre terminal Fibre · Ethernet Site MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B Governed data store Versioned, correction-aware Crane wind alarms Tide and depth for each arrival Boundary air and noise reports Quay and gate images 10 Lattice tower RS-485 RS-485 RS-485 Ethernet Ethernet LTE/NR Ethernet Fibre Fibre
From the instrument to the published product: each band is a tier, each connector names its interface, and the numbers match the bill of materials. Hover or focus a block to trace its path; scroll or step to follow one observation.
Bill of materials
ItemEquipmentData portsProtocolsPower in
01Compact weather stationAll-in-one or compact station for temperature, humidity, pressure, wind and rain at a site.SDI-12RS-485EthernetSDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API12 V DC
02Water level gaugeRadar, pressure or float gauge for river, lake, reservoir or tide level.SDI-12RS-485EthernetSDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API12 V DC
03Air quality monitorParticulate and gas monitor (PM, NO2, O3, CO, SO2) for outdoor or indoor air.SDI-12RS-485EthernetSDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API12 V DC
04PTZ cameraPan-tilt-zoom camera for wide-area visual monitoring (wildfire, flood, traffic).EthernetRTSP with ONVIF profilesPoE, 24 V DC
05Edge node (Wedge)Rugged edge node that boots from signed media, attests itself and establishes a site cell from little or no infrastructure.EthernetFibreUSBRS-485BMCMQTT 5, DMTF Redfish, IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP with NTS, OPC UA12 V DC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC, AC mains
06Cellular modem/routerLTE or NR modem or router that uses a public carrier or private network as backhaul.EthernetUSBRS-2323GPP E-UTRA air interface, 3GPP NR air interface, OMA LwM2M12 V DC, PoE
07Small cell (4G/5G)Integrated base station (radio, baseband, antenna) for private LTE or NR on a local licence, shared-spectrum or leased route. A CBRS CBSD is a small cell that also registers with a spectrum access system.EthernetFibreGNSS antenna1PPS/10 MHz3GPP NR air interface, 3GPP E-UTRA air interface, IEEE 1588 PTP, O-RAN E2, A1, O1PoE, 48 V DC, AC mains
085G core appliance (UPF/core)Local 5G standalone core with user-plane function and local breakout, so site traffic stays on site.EthernetFibreBMC3GPP 5G core service-based interfaces, DMTF RedfishAC mains, 48 V DC
09Fibre terminalOptical network terminal or media converter that lands fibre backhaul at a site.FibreEthernetIEEE 1588 PTP12 V DC, 48 V DC, AC mains
10Lattice towerSelf-supporting or guyed lattice tower for macro radios, links and instruments.———

How it scales

01 Instruments Arbitrary qualified sensors and instruments whosemeasurements are ingested with calibration, units,geometry, time, custody and uncertainty. ×n 02 Node The minimum useful deployable unit: server, ruggedappliance, radio node, sensor gateway, satelliteterminal, AI, scientific, vehicle or virtual node. Node Node agent 03 Site The minimum independently operable localgovernance and failure domain: one or more nodesplus local network, identity, policy, evidence,storage, products and operator surfaces.

SITE

Node Node Node ×n 04 Cluster An optional scale or specialisation domain forscheduling, shared storage, accelerators or datalocality.

CLUSTER

×n 05 Fleet Coordinates plans, acknowledgements,convergence evidence, update campaigns andcorrection propagation across nodes and sites.

FLEET

Fleet controller ×n 06 Federation An exchange of products, capabilities, events orwork across approved, independently administeredtrust domains, using explicit trust, policy,data-locality, version and correction contracts.

TRUST DOMAIN

TRUST DOMAIN

TRUST DOMAIN

×n Verifier Applications Data in the field Telemetry Control Data upstream Control Data upstream Control Exchange Evidence Events Exchange
The smallest deployable unit is one node; the same unit is replicated to meet the demand. Nodes form a site, sites may form a cluster, sites and clusters are coordinated as a fleet, and fleets exchange across independently administered trust domains. Each plane is a separate channel with its own open binding.
Data in the field
MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B; connectors for LoRaWAN, OPC UA and instrument buses.
Telemetry
OpenTelemetry OTLP.
Control
TLS 1.3 with mutual authentication; protobuf messages over gRPC or HTTP/2.
Data upstream
At-least-once publication with repeat-safe keys over the control channel or NATS JetStream; QUIC MAY be used on lossy links.
Evidence
DSSE-signed in-toto statements; SLSA provenance; SCITT transparency receipts.
Events
Event envelopes mapped to CloudEvents 1.0; channels described in AsyncAPI 3.
Exchange
OpenAPI 3.1; the OGC API family; SensorThings; STAC; WIS 2.0.

05From order to operation

Every step, from the first call to a running site.

The same crew and the same record carry the work from scope to maintenance.

  1. 01 Order

    Scope the port and its limits

    The scope reads the port layout, crane operating limits, berth and channel depths, the environmental permit and the security plan. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the point plan by crane, berth and boundary, the private network design, the integration with port systems and a price per point and per service. 53

  2. 02 Survey

    Survey quays, cranes and the fence

    Crews survey with the terminal’s engineers: crane mounting points, berth and tide gauge sites, boundary monitor sites facing homes, and radio sites that see past container stacks. They plan access around operations and record security rules for every area. Every candidate site is photographed for the design.

  3. 03 Permits

    Security, harbour and city

    Work inside the port facility follows its security plan and passes. Tide gauges and anything in the water need the harbour master’s consent, and boundary monitors are placed with the city’s environment team. The private network’s spectrum follows the national licence.

  4. 04 Build

    Build for salt air

    Sensors, nodes, small cells and the network core are built for salt air, tested together and enrolled with their identities. Crane wind limits come from the crane manufacturers’ operating limits as the terminal holds them, and every part is labelled with its crane, berth or boundary site.

  5. 05 Install

    Install between ships

    Crews install between vessel calls: anemometers on crane booms, tide gauges at berths, monitors at the boundary, cameras over quays and small cells on lighting towers. The core goes into the control building, and every point is photographed and located.

  6. 06 Commission

    Test alarms with the cranes

    Each device proves its identity on the private network. Anemometers are checked against a reference, tide gauges against the datum, air and noise monitors against reference instruments. Crane wind alarms are tested with the crane drivers and the control room.

  7. 07 Operate

    Lift, berth and report on evidence

    Crane drivers and the control room see wind at every crane, pilots and the harbour master see tide and depth for each arrival, and the environment team sees air and noise at the boundary with wind direction. Every alarm and every report is kept on one record. 24

  8. 08 Maintain

    Keep the port’s numbers trusted

    Anemometers are checked on schedule and after storms, tide gauges against the datum, air and noise monitors calibrated as their methods require, and cameras cleaned of salt. Every change is recorded, so boundary series stand up when the city asks.

06Data products and integration

What it delivers, to whom, and into which systems.

Data products

  • Crane wind alarmsCrane drivers and terminal control
  • Tide and depth for each arrivalHarbour masters and pilots
  • Boundary air and noise reportsEnvironment teams and city authorities
  • Quay and gate imagesPort security

Integration

  • Terminal operating systemWind stops and restarts are shared with the terminal operating system so moves are replanned.
  • Port community and vessel traffic systemsTide and conditions are delivered to the systems pilots and the harbour master use.
  • City air quality networkBoundary monitors report through OGC SensorThings so the city sees the same data.

Exchanged through OGC SensorThings API, 3GPP 5G, IHO S-44.

07Questions buyers ask

Before you scope it.

Will a private network work between container stacks?

It is designed with small cells placed to see past stacks, tested during the survey.

Who sets crane wind limits?

The terminal, from its cranes’ operating limits. The network measures and alarms.

Can the city see our boundary data?

Yes, where the port agrees; it is shared through open standards.

Does it help with security?

Cameras feed the security room under the port facility’s security plan.

08Resources

The sources behind this page.

Public standards, regulations and guidance, cited where they apply. Each applies only where its jurisdiction or scope does.

  1. 1Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8)World Meteorological Organization
  2. 2IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys (S-44)International Hydrographic Organization
  3. 3Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for EuropeEuropean Union · 2008
  4. 4Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noiseEuropean Union · 2002
  5. 5International Ship and Port Facility Security CodeInternational Maritime Organization

09Related

Use cases and solutions.

Use case

Hybrid air-quality observatory

A few reference analysers and many low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data feed.The full use case →
Solution

Private Wireless as a Service

Standalone private 5G or LTE for a site, campus, port or mine: radios, core, SIMs, spectrum route and operations.Solutions for transport →
Solution

Mine, plant and port site monitoring

Slope radar, tailings monitoring, dust and water, and site connectivity for operations and closure.Solutions for transport →
Solution

Hybrid air-quality networks

Reference analysers plus calibrated low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data interface.Solutions for transport →

10Transport: specialized fields

Other fields of this industry.

Specialized field

Roads and bridges

Road weather and surface state, traffic counts, bridge vibration and scour, and cameras along the corridor, on cellular and fibre to the traffic centre, for safer winters and evidence-based maintenance.The full field →
Specialized field

Railways

Earthworks and structures, track-side weather and flooding, rail temperature and cameras at level crossings, on the railway’s own mobile network and fibre, for fewer speed restrictions and safer lines.The full field →
Specialized field

Airports

Weather beside the runways, wind shear and visibility support, aircraft noise and air quality in the communities around, on the airport’s fibre and private network, alongside the official aviation weather service.The full field →
Specialized field

Road and rail tunnels

Air quality and visibility, air flow and ventilation, fire detection, cameras and radio coverage inside the tube, on a radiating cable and fibre with an industrial network kept apart from the internet.The full field →
Specialized field

Urban transit

Passenger counts, station air and climate, escalator and lift condition, traction energy and cameras for metros, trams and buses, on private 5G and fibre, with real-time information riders can use.The full field →
Specialized field

Inland waterways and locks

Water levels and depths, flows at weirs, wind and visibility, and cameras at locks and bridges, on LoRaWAN and cellular along the river, feeding the river information services skippers use.The full field →

Bring us the site.

Plan a deployment, configure a station, model it in the Studio or talk to sales. The form names who receives your details.

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