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Agriculture: farm decisions on measured ground: country by country. The loop, step by step: 1. Midday heat builds over the dry plots. 2. Sensor, link, edge and console stand ready. 3. The root zone dries below the crop line. 4. Soil probes read falling moisture. 5. Each reading is stamped with time and place. 6. Readings reach the gateway over LoRaWAN. 7. Relays carry the packets without reading them. 8. Signatures are checked before any model runs. 9. The edge model schedules tonight’s irrigation. 10. The edge releases confirmed results only. 11. The farm manager approves the plan. 12. The console shows the evidence with the alert. 13. Valves open and the wet front spreads. 14. Sensors check that the response worked. 15. The whole chain is archived for audit. 16. Moisture holds and the pumps fall silent.

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Midday heat builds over the dry plots

Nexus Observatory

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Agriculture

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Countries
Agriculture, country by country.

Country notes for this industry: the regulators and the spectrum routes, from records that carry their sources.

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  1. Agriculture · Countries

    Farm decisions on measured ground

    Agrometeorological stations and soil-moisture profiles, frost and disease alerts, low-power coverage across the farm, crop condition from orbit and drone, and cooperative networks where neighbours share one grid. Needs: soil moisture and evapotranspiration, frost, heat and disease risk, crop condition, water use and coverage across fields.

  2. Country guide

    Agriculture in Argentina

    The Argentina guide sets out the route for a agriculture network there: spectrum and licensing, data residency, the open networks already observing, and the agencies and standards a deployment has to meet. Each guide is kept with its sources and updated when the rules change.

  3. Country guide

    Agriculture in Canada

    The Canada guide sets out the route for a agriculture network there: spectrum and licensing, data residency, the open networks already observing, and the agencies and standards a deployment has to meet. Each guide is kept with its sources and updated when the rules change.

  4. Country guide

    Agriculture in Italy

    The Italy guide sets out the route for a agriculture network there: spectrum and licensing, data residency, the open networks already observing, and the agencies and standards a deployment has to meet. Each guide is kept with its sources and updated when the rules change.

  5. Country guide

    Agriculture in Mexico

    The Mexico guide sets out the route for a agriculture network there: spectrum and licensing, data residency, the open networks already observing, and the agencies and standards a deployment has to meet. Each guide is kept with its sources and updated when the rules change.

  6. Trust

    Every node proves what it is

    A node joins only after its hardware root of trust answers an attestation challenge. Keys stay in secure hardware, software arrives signed, and every reading carries a signature, so its origin can be checked by anyone downstream without asking us.

  7. Time and place

    Every reading carries when and where

    Readings are stamped against a disciplined clock, from satellite time or a PTP grandmaster, together with the station position and its siting record. When time or position is degraded, the record says so instead of hiding it, and every analyst downstream sees the same warning.

  8. Updates

    Updates in rings, with rollback

    Software and configuration reach the fleet in rings: a canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave and returns each node to its last good release, without a site visit.

  9. Operations

    Every node watched, every incident closed

    The operations console shows every node with its state, its plan and its evidence. Alerts arrive with their data and a runbook; acknowledging one opens a work order, and an incident closes only when the cause is recorded and the fix verified.

  10. Field service

    One crew, from survey to repair

    The same crew surveys, installs, commissions, calibrates and repairs, working from the site’s own record. Each visit updates it, so the next crew knows exactly what is there, when it was last checked and why it was changed. Spares and references are planned from that history.

  11. Failure and recovery

    When a node fails, the fleet knows first

    When a node goes silent or a sensor drifts, the node buffers its data, fails over to a second link where one exists, and the alert carries the evidence a responder needs. Nothing is lost and nothing is counted twice.

  12. What you get

    Agricultural field observatories

    Soil moisture profiles, micro-weather and evapotranspiration with irrigation thresholds per field. Delivered as managed service and data licence, for growers, agribusiness, irrigation districts, crop insurers. Scale: Farm to region. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

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  13. Next step

    Plan an agriculture deployment

    Tell us the sites, the measurements and the people who will use them. We reply with a design and a scope for agriculture. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Plan a deploymentOpen the StudioRead the stories

01Country notes

Countries with a full record.

Each record carries the regulators, the spectrum route for a private network and siting, with the source of every field.

AR

Argentina

ENACOM manages the radio spectrum and approves radio equipment.
AU

Australia

.
BR

Brazil

Anatel authorises radio-frequency use.
CA

Canada

A radio licence is required unless the device class is licence-exempt.
CN

People’s Republic of China

MIIT manages radio spectrum.
FR

France

Arcep assigns frequencies to local professional mobile networks through standing windows: 2575–2615 MHz (since 2019) and 3.8–4.2 GHz (since December 2025, up to 100 MHz per applicant, up to ten years).
DE

Germany

.
IN

India

The Department of Telecommunications licenses spectrum and exempts bands by Gazette rules: 865–868 MHz for short-range devices (2021) and 5925–6425 MHz for low-power Wi-Fi (2026).
ID

Indonesia

The Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs manages spectrum; low-power devices use class-licensed bands under a 2023 ministerial regulation.
IT

Italy

The ministry for enterprises (MIMIT) manages spectrum and AGCOM regulates electronic communications.
JP

Japan

MIC licenses radio stations.
KR

South Korea

MSIT assigns spectrum.
MX

Mexico

The Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law of 16 July 2025 replaced the former regulator with the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (CRT), attached to the Digital Transformation and Telecommunications Agency.
RU

Russian Federation

Radio-frequency bands are allocated by the State Commission for Radio Frequencies; Roskomnadzor supervises communications and personal data.
SA

Saudi Arabia

The Communications, Space and Technology Commission manages spectrum and licenses specialised radio networks; it opened the full 6 GHz band (1200 MHz) for licence-exempt Wi-Fi in 2021.
ZA

South Africa

ICASA manages spectrum and licensing.
TR

Türkiye

The Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) manages spectrum under Electronic Communications Law 5809; low-power short-range devices follow a 2012 BTK regulation.
GB

United Kingdom

.
US

United States of America

Spectrum use follows Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Every country

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Survey, design, deployment and operation for agriculture. The form names who receives your details.

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Agriculture, country by country.

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