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Insurance and finance/
Specialized fields/
Bankable wind and solar resourceResource data a lender will finance.
Wind and solar projects are financed on the energy they will produce, estimated from measured resources. Lenders require measurements that follow the international standards, with traceable instruments and complete records. Met masts, lidars and irradiance stations built for that evidence shorten the road to financial close.
Plan a deploymentHow it worksStation Builder- Industry
- Insurance and finance
- Measurements
- 4
- Sources cited
- 3
Insurance and finance · Bankable wind and solar resource
Financed on the resource
Wind and solar projects are financed on the energy they will produce, estimated from measured wind and sun. Lenders’ technical advisers check every measurement against international standards, and data they reject cost months and widen the uncertainty that sets the loan.
What is measured
Wind at height, sun on the ground
Calibrated anemometers on a met mast and a lidar measure wind speed and direction at hub heights, classified pyranometers measure global and diffuse irradiance, and weather sensors measure temperature, pressure and humidity for corrections. Each reading carries its time and its quality flags.
- Instruments
- Mast anemometers · Lidar · Classified pyranometers · Weather sensors
The base node
Statistics advisers accept
The node computes ten-minute statistics, applies quality checks, tracks availability by channel, flags soiling and icing, and keeps the raw data, so the energy yield assessment starts from data the lender’s adviser can accept. Nothing is lost when a link drops; the node keeps it.
Radio and links
Availability first
Campaign sites report over cellular where coverage exists and by satellite where it does not, so faults are seen the same day and availability stays high through the whole campaign. Each link is chosen for the place, not from a catalogue.
- Links
- Public cellular · Satellite
How it works
From a verified lidar to financial close
A developer verifies the lidar against a short mast, then measures for fourteen months with high availability. The adviser accepts the dataset without adjustments, uncertainty narrows, and the project reaches financial close on better terms. Every step is kept on the record.
From order to operation · Order
Scope with the lender’s needs
The scope reads the project, the lender’s requirements, the site and existing data. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the campaign design, instruments, data practice and a price per campaign. Every assumption in the scope is written down and priced. The scope is agreed before any site work begins.
Plan a deploymentFrom order to operation · Survey
Survey the site
Crews survey the site for mast and lidar positions representative of the planned turbines or arrays, ground, access, power and coverage. Findings are recorded with coordinates. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built.
From order to operation · Permits
Permits and marking
Planning permits for the mast are obtained, aviation marking and lighting follow the air navigation rules, and land agreements with owners cover the whole campaign. Every permit is kept with the campaign record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.
From order to operation · Build
Build and calibrate
Anemometers are calibrated in a wind tunnel, pyranometers classified and calibrated, the lidar configured, nodes enrolled with their identities and the system run together. Test results travel with the kit to the site. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.
Open the Station BuilderFrom order to operation · Install
Install the mast or lidar
Crews raise the mast, mount instruments at standard heights and booms, place the lidar and irradiance station, and connect power and backhaul. Every height and orientation is recorded. The site record is updated before the crew leaves. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work.
From order to operation · Commission
Verify the lidar
Each node proves its identity. The lidar is verified against the mast or a reference, irradiance against a reference, and data quality checks are confirmed with the lender’s adviser. Results are signed and kept with the site record. Acceptance is recorded with the owner before handover.
From order to operation · Operate
Measure for a year or more
Developers and advisers see availability, statistics and quality every day. The record grows to the length the energy yield assessment needs, with gaps prevented rather than filled. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. Every alert and action is kept on the record.
From order to operation · Maintain
Clean, check and hand over
Sensors are cleaned and checked on visits, instruments recalibrated as required, software updated in rings, and at the end the full dataset and its record are handed to the adviser. Spares and procedures travel with the crews. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.
Book field servicesData products
For developers, advisers and lenders
Developers and resource analysts receive ten-minute wind and irradiance statistics; lenders’ technical advisers receive availability and quality reports; energy yield assessors receive raw data and records; lenders receive campaign records, each tied to instrument and period. Each product carries its site, time and quality flags.
See the data productsEvidence
To the standards lenders use
Wind measurements follow the international wind power performance standard, including its remote sensing provisions, irradiance instruments the solar instrument classification standard and monitoring the photovoltaic performance series. Every channel keeps its calibration and record. Records are open to the people who must check them.
- Drawn against
- IEC 61400-12-1 · ISO 9060 · IEC 61724-1
What you get
Observation data products and evidence bundles
Licensed feeds and archives with metadata, quality flags and provenance on every value; evidence bundles for audits and claims processes. Delivered as data licence and API, for analytics platforms, insurers, lenders, researchers, agencies. Scale: Global catalogue. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.
Talk to salesNext step
Plan bankable wind and solar resource with us
Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for bankable wind and solar resource. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.
Plan a deploymentOpen the Station BuilderOpen the Studio
01The place and its hazards
Where it runs, and what can go wrong.
Operating contextWind measurements for power performance, including remote sensing, follow the international wind standard, solar irradiance instruments are classified under the international standard, and photovoltaic monitoring follows its own series. Lenders’ technical advisers check every measurement against them before a project is financed.
Hazards
- Measurements that lenders’ advisers reject
- Data gaps that widen uncertainty
- Lidars not verified against a mast
- Soiled or misaligned irradiance sensors
- Campaigns too short to capture variability
02What must be measured
What, where, how often, and under which rules.
Each measurement names where it is taken, how often, and the public standard or regulation behind it. Numbers in the sources column open the cited source below.
| Measurement | Where | Cadence | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed and direction at height | Met mast anemometers and a lidar | Every second, ten-minute statistics | 1 |
| Global and diffuse irradiance | Classified pyranometers at the site | Every minute | 23 |
| Temperature, pressure and humidity | Sensors on the mast or station | Every minute | 1 |
| Data availability and quality | Every channel | Continuous | 13 |
03The observation stack
From one base unit to a network.
The same blocks at every scale: instruments and a base node, a site with its radio, a fleet run as one, and a network federated on the open protocol.
- 01
Base unit
A station: mast anemometers or a lidar, irradiance sensors and weather sensors on a sensor hub and edge node.
Build a station → - 02
Site
A site: the mast or lidar with solar power and backhaul, for a campaign of a year or more.
Plan a site → - 03
Fleet
A developer’s or lender’s campaigns run with one data practice.
Managed offers → - 04
Network
Measurements are shared with lenders’ technical advisers in standard formats.
The open protocol →
- 01Lidar scanner
- 02Compact weather station
- 03Sensor and instrument gateway
- 04Edge node (Wedge)
- 05Cellular modem/router
- 06LEO flat-panel terminal
- 07Solar array
- 08Lattice tower
Radio and links
Public cellular
Campaign sites report over cellular where coverage exists.
Radio and links
Satellite
Remote sites report by satellite so availability stays high.
Edge computeThe node computes ten-minute statistics, applies quality checks, tracks availability by channel, flags soiling and icing, and keeps raw data for the energy yield assessment.
PowerSolar panels and batteries sized for winter, with power reported so outages never cut the record.
04How it works
From the instrument to the product.
One observation’s path, tier by tier, with the interface on every link and a bill of materials below; then how the one node grows to a site, a fleet and federated networks.
Bankable wind and solar resource: data path
– of 07
01 Instruments Measurement with sensor identity andcalibration 02 Gateway 03 Node – Wrap in an observation envelope with timequality– Measure quality and uncertainty, attachquality flags– Buffer locally (store-and-forward when thelink drops) 04 Backhaul Commit with transactional outbox andpublish, delivered at least once 05 Site Consumer inbox deduplicates and applieseach record once into governed data 06 Data store Governed product through API, map orexport, correction-aware 07 Products IEA Wind Task 43 data modelnetCDF-CFCSV 08 Power and structure Supplies 12 V DC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC to thefield equipment 01 Lidar scanner Ethernet · USB 02 Compact weather station SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet Classified pyranometers Not in the reference kit 03 Sensor and instrument gateway SDI-12 · RS-485 · Analogue I/O ·Ethernet · USB 04 Edge node (Wedge) Ethernet · Fibre · USB · RS-485 ·BMC 05 Cellular modem/router Ethernet · USB · RS-232 06 LEO flat-panel terminal Ethernet Site MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B Governed data store Versioned, correction-aware Ten-minute wind and irradiancestatistics Availability and quality reports Raw data and records Campaign records 07 Solar array RS-485 08 Lattice tower Ethernet · MQTT 5 SDI-12 · SDI-12 Analogue I/O Ethernet · MQTT 5 Ethernet Ethernet LTE/NR Satellite IP| Item | Equipment | Data ports | Protocols | Power in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Lidar scannerTerrestrial or mobile lidar for 3D scans of terrain, structures and vegetation. | EthernetUSB | MQTT 5 | 12 V DC |
| 02 | Compact weather stationAll-in-one or compact station for temperature, humidity, pressure, wind and rain at a site. | SDI-12RS-485Ethernet | SDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API | 12 V DC |
| 03 | Sensor and instrument gatewayData logger and gateway that reads instruments on SDI-12, RS-485, analogue and Ethernet ports and publishes observations with calibration and time. | SDI-12RS-485Analogue I/OEthernetUSB | SDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API, OGC API Connected Systems, OMA LwM2M | 12 V DC, PoE |
| 04 | Edge node (Wedge)Rugged edge node that boots from signed media, attests itself and establishes a site cell from little or no infrastructure. | EthernetFibreUSBRS-485BMC | MQTT 5, DMTF Redfish, IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP with NTS, OPC UA | 12 V DC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC, AC mains |
| 05 | Cellular modem/routerLTE or NR modem or router that uses a public carrier or private network as backhaul. | EthernetUSBRS-232 | 3GPP E-UTRA air interface, 3GPP NR air interface, OMA LwM2M | 12 V DC, PoE |
| 06 | LEO flat-panel terminalElectronically steered flat-panel user terminal for low-Earth-orbit broadband constellations. | Ethernet | — | PoE, 48 V DC, AC mains |
| 07 | Solar arrayPV modules with charge controller sized to the site’s load and climate. | RS-485 | Modbus | — |
| 08 | Lattice towerSelf-supporting or guyed lattice tower for macro radios, links and instruments. | — | — | — |
How it scales
01 Instruments Arbitrary qualified sensors and instruments whosemeasurements are ingested with calibration, units,geometry, time, custody and uncertainty. ×n 02 Node The minimum useful deployable unit: server, ruggedappliance, radio node, sensor gateway, satelliteterminal, AI, scientific, vehicle or virtual node. Node Node agent 03 Site The minimum independently operable localgovernance and failure domain: one or more nodesplus local network, identity, policy, evidence,storage, products and operator surfaces.SITE
Node Node Node ×n 04 Cluster An optional scale or specialisation domain forscheduling, shared storage, accelerators or datalocality.CLUSTER
×n 05 Fleet Coordinates plans, acknowledgements,convergence evidence, update campaigns andcorrection propagation across nodes and sites.FLEET
Fleet controller ×n 06 Federation An exchange of products, capabilities, events orwork across approved, independently administeredtrust domains, using explicit trust, policy,data-locality, version and correction contracts.TRUST DOMAIN
TRUST DOMAIN
TRUST DOMAIN
×n Verifier Applications Data in the field Telemetry Control Data upstream Control Data upstream Control Exchange Evidence Events Exchange- Data in the field
- MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B; connectors for LoRaWAN, OPC UA and instrument buses.
- Telemetry
- OpenTelemetry OTLP.
- Control
- TLS 1.3 with mutual authentication; protobuf messages over gRPC or HTTP/2.
- Data upstream
- At-least-once publication with repeat-safe keys over the control channel or NATS JetStream; QUIC MAY be used on lossy links.
- Evidence
- DSSE-signed in-toto statements; SLSA provenance; SCITT transparency receipts.
- Events
- Event envelopes mapped to CloudEvents 1.0; channels described in AsyncAPI 3.
- Exchange
- OpenAPI 3.1; the OGC API family; SensorThings; STAC; WIS 2.0.
05From order to operation
Every step, from the first call to a running site.
The same crew and the same record carry the work from scope to maintenance.
- 01 Order
Scope with the lender’s needs
The scope reads the project, the lender’s requirements, the site and existing data. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the campaign design, instruments, data practice and a price per campaign. Every assumption in the scope is written down and priced. The scope is agreed before any site work begins. 1
- 02 Survey
Survey the site
Crews survey the site for mast and lidar positions representative of the planned turbines or arrays, ground, access, power and coverage. Findings are recorded with coordinates. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built.
- 03 Permits
Permits and marking
Planning permits for the mast are obtained, aviation marking and lighting follow the air navigation rules, and land agreements with owners cover the whole campaign. Every permit is kept with the campaign record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.
- 04 Build
Build and calibrate
Anemometers are calibrated in a wind tunnel, pyranometers classified and calibrated, the lidar configured, nodes enrolled with their identities and the system run together. Test results travel with the kit to the site. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together. 2
- 05 Install
Install the mast or lidar
Crews raise the mast, mount instruments at standard heights and booms, place the lidar and irradiance station, and connect power and backhaul. Every height and orientation is recorded. The site record is updated before the crew leaves. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work.
- 06 Commission
Verify the lidar
Each node proves its identity. The lidar is verified against the mast or a reference, irradiance against a reference, and data quality checks are confirmed with the lender’s adviser. Results are signed and kept with the site record. Acceptance is recorded with the owner before handover. 1
- 07 Operate
Measure for a year or more
Developers and advisers see availability, statistics and quality every day. The record grows to the length the energy yield assessment needs, with gaps prevented rather than filled. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. Every alert and action is kept on the record. 3
- 08 Maintain
Clean, check and hand over
Sensors are cleaned and checked on visits, instruments recalibrated as required, software updated in rings, and at the end the full dataset and its record are handed to the adviser. Spares and procedures travel with the crews. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life.
06Data products and integration
What it delivers, to whom, and into which systems.
Data products
- Ten-minute wind and irradiance statisticsDevelopers and resource analysts
- Availability and quality reportsLenders’ technical advisers
- Raw data and recordsEnergy yield assessors
- Campaign recordsLenders
Integration
- Energy yield assessmentData are delivered in the formats assessors use.
- LendersReports support financial close.
- OperationsThe station can stay as an operational reference.
Exchanged through IEA Wind Task 43 data model, netCDF-CF, CSV.
07Questions buyers ask
Before you scope it.
Will lenders accept a lidar?
With verification against a mast or reference as the standard describes.
How long should we measure?
Typically a year or more, as the assessment requires.
What about soiling?
Flags and cleaning visits keep irradiance honest.
Can the station stay after construction?
Yes, as an operational reference.
08Resources
The sources behind this page.
Public standards, regulations and guidance, cited where they apply. Each applies only where its jurisdiction or scope does.
- 1IEC 61400-12-1: Wind energy generation systems, power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbinesInternational Electrotechnical Commission
- 2ISO 9060: Solar energy, specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar and direct solar radiationInternational Organization for Standardization · 2018
- 3IEC 61724-1: Photovoltaic system performance, monitoringInternational Electrotechnical Commission
09Related
Use cases and solutions.
Use caseBankable solar and wind resource station
A met mast or lidar with secondary-standard pyranometers and a traceable calibration chain, for a measurement campaign lenders accept.The full use case →SolutionObservation data products and evidence bundles
Licensed feeds and archives with metadata, quality flags and provenance on every value; evidence bundles for audits and claims processes.Solutions for insurance and finance →SolutionSensing as a Service
Observation networks designed, installed, operated and maintained for a monthly fee: weather, hydromet, air, seismic and environmental stations, with data delivered under a licence.Solutions for insurance and finance →SolutionDevice and software qualification against the protocol
Test programmes that show a device or release meets the protocol for a stated scope, with published results.Solutions for insurance and finance →10Insurance and finance: specialized fields
Other fields of this industry.
Specialized fieldParametric insurance triggers
Tamper-evident weather and water stations that measure the indices parametric policies pay on, with signed data that insurers, reinsurers and policyholders can all trust.The full field →Specialized fieldPhysical climate risk for portfolios
Measured hazards at the sites of a portfolio, from flood and heat to subsidence, so lenders, investors and insurers assess and disclose physical climate risk with evidence.The full field →Specialized fieldEvent and claims verification
Flood depth sensors, drone surveys and site weather that verify what happened at insured properties after an event, so claims are settled faster and fairly.The full field →Bring us the site.
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