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Classroom air and ventilation

Fresh air in every classroom, measured.

Crowded classrooms get stuffy fast: carbon dioxide rises, attention falls and infections spread more easily. Sensors in every room show when to open windows or run ventilation, help facility teams fix rooms that never clear, and give schools evidence of the air their students breathe.

Plan a deploymentHow it worksStation Builder
Industry
Education
Measurements
4
Sources cited
4
  1. Education · Classroom air and ventilation

    Stuffy rooms, tired students

    Crowded classrooms get stuffy fast. Carbon dioxide rises, attention falls and infections spread more easily, and many ventilation systems do not work as designed. Parents increasingly ask about the air their children breathe, and schools have little evidence to answer with.

  2. What is measured

    Every room’s air

    A sensor at breathing height in every classroom measures carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and particles, and an outdoor sensor measures the particles that come in when windows open, so each room has its own record. Every instrument keeps its calibration and position with the site record.

    Instruments
    Room air sensors · Outdoor particle sensor
  3. The base node

    A simple signal

    The node turns each room’s readings into a simple signal for teachers, computes ventilation performance from how fast carbon dioxide falls after lessons, flags rooms that never clear and advises when outdoor pollution means windows should stay shut. Every value is signed at the node before it leaves.

  4. Radio and links

    No cables in classrooms

    Room sensors reach one gateway per school over a low-power link, with no cabling and years of battery life. The node joins the school network to reach facility teams, dashboards and, where they exist, ventilation controls. When one path fails, the other carries the data.

    Links
    LoRaWAN · Wi-Fi
  5. How it works

    From a stuffy room to a fixed fan

    A science room shows carbon dioxide climbing in every lesson and never clearing between them. The node flags it; facilities find a failed ventilation fan and replace it. The next week the room clears between lessons and teachers see the signal turn green.

  6. From order to operation · Order

    Scope with the facilities team

    The scope reads the district’s schools, room counts, ventilation types and complaints. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the sensor plan, displays for teachers, facility reports and a price per room and per year. The scope is agreed before any site work begins.

    Plan a deployment
  7. From order to operation · Survey

    Survey rooms and systems

    Crews survey representative rooms with facility staff: sensor positions away from windows and doors, ventilation systems and their controls, gateway coverage and network access. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow.

  8. From order to operation · Permits

    School approval

    The school and district approve installation, and staff and parents are told what is measured and how displays work. No personal data is collected. Every approval is kept with the school record. No crew goes to site before its approvals are in place.

  9. From order to operation · Build

    Build and calibrate

    Sensors are calibrated, radios paired, the gateway and node configured with room names and enrolled with their identities. Each kit is labelled by room. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together. Test results travel with the kit to the site.

    Open the Station Builder
  10. From order to operation · Install

    Install room by room

    Crews mount sensors at breathing height in every room, fit simple displays for teachers, install the gateway and node and connect to the school network. Every room is recorded. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

  11. From order to operation · Commission

    Commission over a week

    Each node proves its identity. Readings are checked against a reference, ventilation performance is measured in each room through a normal week, and rooms that never clear are reported to facilities. Acceptance is recorded with the owner before handover. Results are signed and kept with the site record.

  12. From order to operation · Operate

    Ventilate when needed

    Teachers see a simple signal to open windows or boost ventilation; facility teams see rooms that never clear and fix them; parents and inspectors see evidence of good air. Every alert and action is kept on the record. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record.

  13. From order to operation · Maintain

    Keep sensors honest

    Sensors are checked against a reference on the agreed plan, batteries replaced when low, displays maintained and software updated in rings. Annual reports show the air in every room. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life. Spares and procedures travel with the crews.

    Book field services
  14. Data products

    For teachers, facilities and parents

    Teachers receive room air signals; facility teams receive ventilation performance reports; parents, inspectors and authorities receive indoor air records; maintenance planners receive the rooms needing repair, each tied to room and time. Every product can be traced back to its readings.

    See the data products
  15. Evidence

    Standards for indoor air

    Indoor parameters follow the European indoor environment standard and the ventilation standard, carbon dioxide is used as an indicator as health guidance recommends, and particles are set against the air quality guidelines. Every reading is kept for each room. The record is kept for as long as the duty lasts.

    Drawn against
    EN 16798-1 · ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1 · Roadmap to improve and ensure good indoor ventilation · WHO global air quality guidelines
  16. What you get

    Sensing as a Service

    Observation networks designed, installed, operated and maintained for a monthly fee: weather, hydromet, air, seismic and environmental stations, with data delivered under a licence. Delivered as managed service and data licence, for agencies, utilities, municipalities, insurers, agribusiness. Scale: Global, multi-site, per-site pricing.

    Talk to sales
  17. Next step

    Plan classroom air and ventilation with us

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for classroom air and ventilation. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Plan a deploymentOpen the Station BuilderOpen the Studio

01The place and its hazards

Where it runs, and what can go wrong.

Operating contextIndoor environmental parameters for ventilation, comfort and air quality are set in the European standard and in the ventilation standard used in many countries, and health guidance on indoor ventilation uses carbon dioxide as an indicator. Schools are judged by parents and inspectors on the air in their rooms.

Hazards

  • Carbon dioxide building up in crowded rooms
  • Rooms too hot or too cold
  • Ventilation systems that do not work as designed
  • Outdoor pollution entering through open windows
  • No evidence when parents ask about air quality

02What must be measured

What, where, how often, and under which rules.

Each measurement names where it is taken, how often, and the public standard or regulation behind it. Numbers in the sources column open the cited source below.

MeasurementWhereCadenceSources
Carbon dioxideEvery classroom at breathing heightEvery few minutes12
Temperature and humidityEvery classroomEvery few minutes13
ParticlesClassrooms and outdoors at the schoolEvery few minutes4
Ventilation performance by roomFrom carbon dioxide decay after lessonsDaily, from each lesson32

03The observation stack

From one base unit to a network.

The same blocks at every scale: instruments and a base node, a site with its radio, a fleet run as one, and a network federated on the open protocol.

  1. 01

    Base unit

    A room sensor: carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and particles on a low-power radio.

    Build a station →
  2. 02

    Site

    A school: a sensor in every room, a gateway, a node and the school network.

    Plan a site →
  3. 03

    Fleet

    Every school of a district on one facilities view.

    Managed offers →
  4. 04

    Network

    Districts share indoor air records with health and education authorities.

    The open protocol →
  • 01Air quality monitor
  • 02Compact weather station
  • 03LPWAN endpoint
  • 04LoRaWAN gateway
  • 05Edge node (Wedge)

Radio and links

LoRaWAN

Room sensors reach one gateway per school over a low-power link, with no cabling and years of battery life.

Radio and links

Wi-Fi

The node joins the school network to reach facility teams and dashboards.

Edge computeThe node shows each room’s air as a simple signal for teachers, computes ventilation performance from carbon dioxide decay, flags rooms that never clear and links outdoor particles with when to keep windows shut.

PowerRoom sensors run on batteries for years; the gateway and node run from school power.

04How it works

From the instrument to the product.

One observation’s path, tier by tier, with the interface on every link and a bill of materials below; then how the one node grows to a site, a fleet and federated networks.

Classroom air and ventilation: data path

– of 08

01 Instruments Measurement with sensor identity andcalibration 02 Field radio 03 Gateway 04 Node – Wrap in an observation envelope with timequality– Measure quality and uncertainty, attachquality flags– Buffer locally (store-and-forward when thelink drops) 05 Backhaul Commit with transactional outbox andpublish, delivered at least once 06 Site Consumer inbox deduplicates and applieseach record once into governed data 07 Data store Governed product through API, map orexport, correction-aware 08 Products BACnetOGC SensorThings APIMQTT 01 Air quality monitor SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet 02 Compact weather station SDI-12 · RS-485 · Ethernet 03 LPWAN endpoint Analogue I/O · SDI-12 · RS-485 04 LoRaWAN gateway Ethernet · RF · GNSS antenna 05 Edge node (Wedge) Ethernet · Fibre · USB · RS-485 ·BMC IP backhaul Not in the reference kit Site MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B Governed data store Versioned, correction-aware Room air signals Ventilation performance reports Indoor air records Rooms needing repair SDI-12 SDI-12 LoRaWAN Ethernet Ethernet IP
From the instrument to the published product: each band is a tier, each connector names its interface, and the numbers match the bill of materials. Hover or focus a block to trace its path; scroll or step to follow one observation.
Bill of materials
ItemEquipmentData portsProtocolsPower in
01Air quality monitorParticulate and gas monitor (PM, NO2, O3, CO, SO2) for outdoor or indoor air.SDI-12RS-485EthernetSDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API12 V DC
02Compact weather stationAll-in-one or compact station for temperature, humidity, pressure, wind and rain at a site.SDI-12RS-485EthernetSDI-12, Modbus, MQTT 5, OGC SensorThings API12 V DC
03LPWAN endpointBattery-powered endpoint on LoRaWAN, NB-IoT or LTE-M that carries one or more sensors.Analogue I/OSDI-12RS-485LoRaWAN, OMA LwM2M, CoAPInternal battery, Energy harvesting
04LoRaWAN gatewayMulti-channel LoRaWAN gateway that forwards uplinks to a network server and schedules downlinks within duty limits.EthernetRFGNSS antennaLoRaWAN, MQTT 5PoE, 12 V DC
05Edge node (Wedge)Rugged edge node that boots from signed media, attests itself and establishes a site cell from little or no infrastructure.EthernetFibreUSBRS-485BMCMQTT 5, DMTF Redfish, IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP with NTS, OPC UA12 V DC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC, AC mains

How it scales

01 Instruments Arbitrary qualified sensors and instruments whosemeasurements are ingested with calibration, units,geometry, time, custody and uncertainty. ×n 02 Node The minimum useful deployable unit: server, ruggedappliance, radio node, sensor gateway, satelliteterminal, AI, scientific, vehicle or virtual node. Node Node agent 03 Site The minimum independently operable localgovernance and failure domain: one or more nodesplus local network, identity, policy, evidence,storage, products and operator surfaces.

SITE

Node Node Node ×n 04 Cluster An optional scale or specialisation domain forscheduling, shared storage, accelerators or datalocality.

CLUSTER

×n 05 Fleet Coordinates plans, acknowledgements,convergence evidence, update campaigns andcorrection propagation across nodes and sites.

FLEET

Fleet controller ×n 06 Federation An exchange of products, capabilities, events orwork across approved, independently administeredtrust domains, using explicit trust, policy,data-locality, version and correction contracts.

TRUST DOMAIN

TRUST DOMAIN

TRUST DOMAIN

×n Verifier Applications Data in the field Telemetry Control Data upstream Control Data upstream Control Exchange Evidence Events Exchange
The smallest deployable unit is one node; the same unit is replicated to meet the demand. Nodes form a site, sites may form a cluster, sites and clusters are coordinated as a fleet, and fleets exchange across independently administered trust domains. Each plane is a separate channel with its own open binding.
Data in the field
MQTT 5 with Sparkplug B; connectors for LoRaWAN, OPC UA and instrument buses.
Telemetry
OpenTelemetry OTLP.
Control
TLS 1.3 with mutual authentication; protobuf messages over gRPC or HTTP/2.
Data upstream
At-least-once publication with repeat-safe keys over the control channel or NATS JetStream; QUIC MAY be used on lossy links.
Evidence
DSSE-signed in-toto statements; SLSA provenance; SCITT transparency receipts.
Events
Event envelopes mapped to CloudEvents 1.0; channels described in AsyncAPI 3.
Exchange
OpenAPI 3.1; the OGC API family; SensorThings; STAC; WIS 2.0.

05From order to operation

Every step, from the first call to a running site.

The same crew and the same record carry the work from scope to maintenance.

  1. 01 Order

    Scope with the facilities team

    The scope reads the district’s schools, room counts, ventilation types and complaints. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the sensor plan, displays for teachers, facility reports and a price per room and per year. The scope is agreed before any site work begins. 1

  2. 02 Survey

    Survey rooms and systems

    Crews survey representative rooms with facility staff: sensor positions away from windows and doors, ventilation systems and their controls, gateway coverage and network access. Findings shape the kit for each site before anything is built. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow. 3

  3. 03 Permits

    School approval

    The school and district approve installation, and staff and parents are told what is measured and how displays work. No personal data is collected. Every approval is kept with the school record. No crew goes to site before its approvals are in place.

  4. 04 Build

    Build and calibrate

    Sensors are calibrated, radios paired, the gateway and node configured with room names and enrolled with their identities. Each kit is labelled by room. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together. Test results travel with the kit to the site.

  5. 05 Install

    Install room by room

    Crews mount sensors at breathing height in every room, fit simple displays for teachers, install the gateway and node and connect to the school network. Every room is recorded. Crews follow the site safety plan throughout the work. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

  6. 06 Commission

    Commission over a week

    Each node proves its identity. Readings are checked against a reference, ventilation performance is measured in each room through a normal week, and rooms that never clear are reported to facilities. Acceptance is recorded with the owner before handover. Results are signed and kept with the site record. 2

  7. 07 Operate

    Ventilate when needed

    Teachers see a simple signal to open windows or boost ventilation; facility teams see rooms that never clear and fix them; parents and inspectors see evidence of good air. Every alert and action is kept on the record. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. 12

  8. 08 Maintain

    Keep sensors honest

    Sensors are checked against a reference on the agreed plan, batteries replaced when low, displays maintained and software updated in rings. Annual reports show the air in every room. Maintenance history stays with each site for its whole life. Spares and procedures travel with the crews.

06Data products and integration

What it delivers, to whom, and into which systems.

Data products

  • Room air signalsTeachers
  • Ventilation performance reportsFacility teams
  • Indoor air recordsParents, inspectors and authorities
  • Rooms needing repairMaintenance planners

Integration

  • Building managementRoom readings can drive ventilation controls.
  • Facility planningReports feed maintenance and investment plans.
  • Parent communicationSummaries are shared through the school’s channels.

Exchanged through BACnet, OGC SensorThings API, MQTT.

07Questions buyers ask

Before you scope it.

What do teachers have to do?

Open windows or boost ventilation when the signal says so.

Does it record people?

No. It measures the air only.

Can it control ventilation?

Yes, through the building controls where they exist.

How long do batteries last?

Years, with alerts when low.

08Resources

The sources behind this page.

Public standards, regulations and guidance, cited where they apply. Each applies only where its jurisdiction or scope does.

  1. 1EN 16798-1: Energy performance of buildings, ventilation for buildings, indoor environmental input parametersEuropean Committee for Standardization
  2. 2Roadmap to improve and ensure good indoor ventilation in the context of COVID-19World Health Organization · 2021
  3. 3ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air QualityASHRAE
  4. 4WHO global air quality guidelinesWorld Health Organization · 2021

09Related

Use cases and solutions.

Use case

Hybrid air-quality observatory

A few reference analysers and many low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data feed.The full use case →
Solution

Sensing as a Service

Observation networks designed, installed, operated and maintained for a monthly fee: weather, hydromet, air, seismic and environmental stations, with data delivered under a licence.Solutions for education →
Solution

Hybrid air-quality networks

Reference analysers plus calibrated low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data interface.Solutions for education →
Solution

Environmental exposure monitoring for health programmes

Heat, air and water exposure measurements around facilities and communities; no diagnosis or treatment.Solutions for education →

10Education: specialized fields

Other fields of this industry.

Specialized field

School observatories

Weather, air quality and seismic stations at schools that students run, with real data for lessons, shared with networks that can use them.The full field →
Specialized field

Technician training and qualification

Training labs with real stations, calibration benches and network equipment, where technicians learn to install, calibrate and repair observing systems and earn recognised qualifications.The full field →
Specialized field

Safe schools

Earthquake, flood and heat sensing at schools, linked to warnings and drills, so schools protect students, stay open and recover quickly after hazards.The full field →

Bring us the site.

Plan a deployment, configure a station, model it in the Studio or talk to sales. The form names who receives your details.

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