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Connectivity/
SpectrumSpectrum, inside Connectivity: exclusive licensed spectrum, tiered shared access (CBRS-type), local and light licensing, licence-exempt bands and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from ITU RR Art. 5 (table of frequency allocations) to Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations (ISED), and runs on the open Observatory Protocol.
Plan with usArchitectureThe protocolReference design, drawn to scale · drag to turn · hover a part
01What it is
The shared foundations every network and sensor depends on: how spectrum is licensed, shared and monitored, GNSS positioning and its corrections, packet timing with PTP and SyncE, grandmasters and holdover, resilient PNT alternatives, and the detection of interference, jamming and spoofing. The radio access network from site to spectrum: macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters, massive MIMO, NR bands and TDD synchronisation, NR features such as RedCap, positioning and sidelink, private and shared networks, Wi-Fi coexistence, 6G and ISAC, and the planning and assurance that keep it working. Each technology below carries what it is, what we do with it, and the standard it is drawn against.
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Auctioned or assigned spectrum licences with defined areas, terms and conditions, used for public mobile networks.
We design and support.
ITU RR Art. 5 (table of frequency allocations) · Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations (ISED)
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Spectrum shared between incumbents, priority licensees and general users under a spectrum access system.
We design, deploy and operate.
FCC 47 CFR Part 96 · WINNF-TS-0112 (CBRS operational and functional requirements)
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Low-cost, area-limited licences that let enterprises, communities and Indigenous and rural operators run their own networks.
We design and support.
ISED non-competitive local licensing framework (3900–3980 MHz, 26/28/38 GHz) · ISED CPC-2-1-31 (NCL licence application procedures)
Spectrum, timing and PNT
2.4, 5 and 6 GHz and other bands used by Wi-Fi, short-range devices and IoT under equipment rules.
We design and deploy.
ISED RSS-247 (DTS and FHSS) · ISED RSS-248 (6 GHz RLAN) · ETSI EN 300 328 (2.4 GHz)
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Opportunistic use of unused broadcast channels for rural broadband and long-range links.
We design and deploy.
ISED RSS-222 (white space devices) · IEEE 802.22
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Licensed point-to-point bands and channel plans for microwave and E-band backhaul.
We design and support.
Rec. ITU-R F.746 · ISED Standard Radio System Plans (SRSP)
Spectrum, timing and PNT
FSS, MSS and EESS allocations and the filings that protect satellite use.
We design and support.
ITU RR Art. 5, Art. 9 and Art. 11
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Bands protected for radio astronomy and passive Earth sensing that networks must avoid polluting.
We design and support.
Rec. ITU-R RA.769 · ITU RR Art. 5 (footnote 5.340 passive bands)
Spectrum, timing and PNT
Secondary-market arrangements that let a licensee make spectrum available to another user locally.
We support.
ISED spectrum licence transfer, divisions and subordinate licensing framework
02Architecture
Spectrum draws on 7 domains and 55 layers of the spectrum; the highlighted layers carry this area. It speaks 3 of the protocol’s 8 core functions.
Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters
9
Massive MIMO and beamforming
7
NR bands, duplexing and synchronisation
9
NR features: RedCap, positioning, sidelink and verticals
9
Private networks and RAN sharing
7
Wi-Fi coexistence and convergence
8
6G and integrated sensing and communication
7
RAN planning, optimisation and assurance
6
O-RAN architecture and open interfaces
7
Fronthaul (7.2x split) and transport
8
RAN intelligent controllers, xApps and rApps
8
SMO, O-Cloud and accelerated L1
8
AI-RAN: shared accelerated infrastructure
7
AI/ML in the air interface and network management
8
Energy saving and efficiency
6
Testing, integration and security
8
01JoinIdentity, attestation quote, signed policy.
02AdmitAdmitted for a stated scope, nothing wider.
03DescribeWhat, where, how and by whom, with calibration.
04TimeOne clock across the grid, with its error bound.
05ObserveEvery value with quality and provenance.
06QualifyTested against the specification, state on record.
07FederateSigned exchange across grids and trust domains.
08OrchestrateSoftware and configuration by signed plan.
03On the grid
The open networks on the grid today, over real relief and the geodesic cells we count them into. A site built here enrols into the same grid.
04In the field
6 deployment scenarios from the sector research that rely on spectrum.
Communities and rural05Open and enterprise
The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract.
Open, on the main site
Enterprise, on this site
06The rest of the line
Survey, design, deployment and operation for spectrum. The form names who receives your details.
Talk to uscontact@observatory.globalSpectrum, inside Connectivity: exclusive licensed spectrum, tiered shared access (CBRS-type), local and light licensing, licence-exempt bands and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from ITU RR Art. 5 (table of frequency allocations) to Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations (ISED), and runs on the open Observatory Protocol.
The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract.
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