A 030°
B 150°
C 270°
Boresight · 358 m
Upper −3 dB · above the horizon
Lower −3 dB · 158 m
Antenna · 25 m · tilt 4°
0 m
500 m
1,000 m
1,500 m
2,000 m
Site · 1,525 m
NR slot · 0.500 ms · L1 55%
Free for inference · 45%
Mask · 25°
GNSS
T-GM · PRTC-A
T-BC 1
T-BC 2
T-BC 3
T-BC 4
Radio · T-TSC
T-BC 6
T-BC 7
T-BC 8
T-BC 9
T-BC 10
T-BC 11
500 MHz
700 MHz
1 GHz
2 GHz
3 GHz
5 GHz
7 GHz
10 GHz
20 GHz
30 GHz
n77 · 3900–3980 MHz
27.5–28.35 GHz
n77 / n78 · 3800 MHz band 3650–3900 MHz
3650–3700 MHz
902–928 MHz
2.4 GHz
5925–7125 MHz
Site · 1,525 m
Connectivity · Explainer
Interactive
A private 5G and AI-RAN site in the Bow Valley, Alberta, from sector azimuth to the spectrum licence. Move the controls and the radio, the terrain and the orbit answer in real numbers.
01 · Sectors
3 × 120°
A macro site splits the circle into three sectors of massive-MIMO panels, 120° apart, each with a 70° half-power beam that falls off as 12(φ/70°)² dB to a 25 dB floor. The plan turns as one: set sector A and the others follow.
02 · Tilt
Section
The section cuts through sector A, heights stretched tenfold. Downtilt aims the main lobe at the ground at h / tan(tilt); the half-power edges of the 10° vertical beam, five degrees either side, set the inner and outer rings of strong signal.
03 · Coverage
Bow Valley
Every cell the antenna can see gets EIRP plus the sector pattern minus free-space loss, 20 log d + 20 log f − 147.55 dB. Rays run over the valley’s own relief and the Earth’s curve; cells in the mountains’ shadow stay dark.
Place on
Or click the terrain.Band
above −85 dBm
−85 to −100
−100 to −110
04 · AI-RAN
NR slot
In AI-RAN one pool of accelerators runs the radio’s Layer 1 and the models. Numerology μ sets 15·2^μ kHz subcarriers and 2^μ slots per millisecond, 14 symbols each. Every slot must finish its L1 work on time; what it leaves idle serves inference.
Numerology μ
05 · Backhaul from orbit
LEO
Where fibre stops, the site backhauls through a low-Earth-orbit terminal. Altitude fixes the period, T = 2π√(a³/μ), how long one satellite stays above the terminal’s elevation mask, and the delay of every hop at the speed of light.
Orbit altitude
06 · Timing
PTP
TDD radios share phase. A GNSS-locked grandmaster, a PRTC-A within 100 ns, hands time down a chain of boundary clocks; each hop adds its class’s constant time error and each link half its asymmetry. The end of the chain must hold max|TE| under 1,100 ns.
T-BC class
Time error, worst case
PRTC-A
100 ns
4 × T-BC cTE
80 ns
5 links × asym/2
100 ns
Total
280 ns
Network limit
1,100 ns
07 · Spectrum route
Bands
Before a radio transmits, its band needs a route: a licence, a light licence or an exemption. The ruler lays the bands on a log scale from 400 MHz to 40 GHz, and height marks the route.
Jurisdiction
08 · Sensors over LPWAN
915 MHz
The mast also carries a LoRa gateway for sensors across the valley. Higher spreading factors hear weaker signals and stay longer on air. The map shows every cell in sight of the gateway that closes the link with 3 and 2 dBi antennas and a 10 dB fade margin. In the US, frequency hopping at 902–928 MHz caps each dwell at 400 ms under 47 CFR 15.247, which rules out the slowest spreading factors.
Spreading factor, 125 kHz
A private 5G and AI-RAN site in the Bow Valley, Alberta, from sector azimuth to the spectrum licence. Move the controls and the radio, the terrain and the orbit answer in real numbers.
A macro site splits the circle into three sectors of massive-MIMO panels, 120° apart, each with a 70° half-power beam that falls off as 12(φ/70°)² dB to a 25 dB floor. The plan turns as one: set sector A and the others follow.
The section cuts through sector A, heights stretched tenfold. Downtilt aims the main lobe at the ground at h / tan(tilt); the half-power edges of the 10° vertical beam, five degrees either side, set the inner and outer rings of strong signal.
Every cell the antenna can see gets EIRP plus the sector pattern minus free-space loss, 20 log d + 20 log f − 147.55 dB. Rays run over the valley’s own relief and the Earth’s curve; cells in the mountains’ shadow stay dark.
In AI-RAN one pool of accelerators runs the radio’s Layer 1 and the models. Numerology μ sets 15·2^μ kHz subcarriers and 2^μ slots per millisecond, 14 symbols each. Every slot must finish its L1 work on time; what it leaves idle serves inference.
Where fibre stops, the site backhauls through a low-Earth-orbit terminal. Altitude fixes the period, T = 2π√(a³/μ), how long one satellite stays above the terminal’s elevation mask, and the delay of every hop at the speed of light.
TDD radios share phase. A GNSS-locked grandmaster, a PRTC-A within 100 ns, hands time down a chain of boundary clocks; each hop adds its class’s constant time error and each link half its asymmetry. The end of the chain must hold max|TE| under 1,100 ns.
Before a radio transmits, its band needs a route: a licence, a light licence or an exemption. The ruler lays the bands on a log scale from 400 MHz to 40 GHz, and height marks the route.
The mast also carries a LoRa gateway for sensors across the valley. Higher spreading factors hear weaker signals and stay longer on air. The map shows every cell in sight of the gateway that closes the link with 3 and 2 dBi antennas and a 10 dB fade margin. In the US, frequency hopping at 902–928 MHz caps each dwell at 400 ms under 47 CFR 15.247, which rules out the slowest spreading factors.
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