Reference systems and geodesy.

Technologies

• Terrestrial reference frames The global frame that every coordinate, GNSS solution and plate-motion correction ultimately refers to.
• National and regional datums Plate-fixed datums used for survey, cadastre and engineering, with published transformations to the global frame.
• Coordinate reference systems and operations Formal description of coordinates and the transformations between them, so data from different sources aligns.
• Dynamic datums and time-dependent coordinates Coordinates with an epoch so plate motion and deformation do not silently shift positions over years.
• Geoid models and vertical datums Conversion between GNSS ellipsoidal heights and the orthometric heights used for flood and drainage work.
• Precise GNSS positioning (RTK, PPP, PPP-RTK) Real-time and post-processed corrections that put field assets and control points at centimetre level.
• Pose and orientation Position plus orientation of cameras, drones and devices for mapping, AR and sensor alignment.