Processing levels and analysis-ready data.

9 technologies in remote sensing and Earth observation.

Technologies

Level 0: raw instrument data Time-ordered packets as received, with communications artefacts removed.
Level 1: calibrated and geolocated Radiometric and geometric corrections applied, sensor units and geolocation attached (L1A, L1B, L1C).
Level 2: geophysical variables Per-scene surface reflectance, temperature, backscatter, water or gas quantities at native resolution.
Levels 3 and 4: gridded, composited and modelled Space-time composites on fixed grids, and model or assimilation outputs that fill gaps.
CEOS analysis-ready data Products pre-processed to threshold and goal requirements so they can be stacked and compared without expert reprocessing.
Atmospheric, terrain and radiometric terrain correction Removal of atmosphere, illumination and topographic effects so pixels represent the surface.
Cloud, shadow and quality masking Per-pixel flags for cloud, shadow, snow, saturation and layover so analysis uses only valid observations.
Onboard and ground compression Lossless and near-lossless compression that keeps downlink and storage within budget.
Product metadata and lineage Sensor, processing version, inputs and quality recorded with every product.