O-RAN architecture and open interfaces.

7 technologies in AI-RAN and Open RAN.

Technologies

O-RAN reference architecture The split of the RAN into O-RU, O-DU, O-CU, RICs, SMO and O-Cloud with defined open interfaces between them.
O-RU (radio unit) The radio and low-PHY at the antenna, category A or B depending on where precoding runs.
O-DU (distributed unit) High-PHY, MAC and RLC running on servers at the cell site or hub, often with acceleration.
O-CU (central unit, CP and UP) RRC, PDCP and SDAP functions split into control and user planes and run centrally.
Open F1, E1, X2 and Xn interoperability Interoperability profiles so CU, DU and neighbouring nodes from different suppliers work together.
Shared O-RU and multi-operator Open RAN One radio unit serving several operators' DUs, cutting site equipment in shared deployments.
Deployment scenarios and white-box hardware Reference placements of RAN functions (site, hub, regional) and open hardware designs for each.