Fronthaul (7.2x split) and transport.

Technologies

• 7.2x lower-layer split, CUS-Plane The O-RAN split between high and low PHY that carries IQ data, control and sync between O-DU and O-RU.
• Fronthaul management plane NETCONF/YANG management of radio units for configuration, software, faults and performance.
• eCPRI and radio over Ethernet Packet transport of radio data that lets fronthaul run over switched Ethernet.
• Time-sensitive networking for fronthaul Bridge profiles that bound latency and jitter for fronthaul traffic.
• Fronthaul synchronisation topologies (LLS-C1 to C4) Where the grandmaster sits and how timing reaches the O-RU, which sets the class of switches and clocks needed.
• Fronthaul security Protecting management and data planes on open fronthaul against tampering and spoofing.
• Fronthaul multiplexers and gateways Devices that aggregate or convert fronthaul for shared radios and legacy splits.
• Xhaul packet-switched transport Transport architecture that carries fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul on one packet network.