/

/

/

Records built to last a century.

Climate trends are small against weather noise, so the stations that record them must be stable for decades: the same site, redundant reference sensors, traceable calibration and every change recorded. Reference stations anchor national climate records and the global reference network.

Industry

Climate

Measurements

4

Sources cited

4

1. Climate · Climate reference stations

   Small trends, long records

   Climate trends are small against the noise of weather, so the stations that record them must stay the same for decades: the same site, stable sensors, traceable calibration and every change written down. The global climate observing plan calls for a reference network of such stations in every country.

2. What is measured

   Everything twice

   Redundant reference sensors measure air temperature in standard screens and precipitation in shielded gauges, alongside humidity, pressure, wind and radiation at standard exposures. Photographs of the surroundings in all directions are taken each year, so changes around the station are on record too.

   Instruments

   Redundant temperature sensors · Shielded gauges · Humidity · Pressure · Wind · Radiation

3. The base node

   Sensors that check each other

   The node compares the redundant sensors every minute and flags any that disagree, computes daily values to climatological practice and keeps a full local archive, so a failed link or a failed sensor never leaves a gap in the record.

4. Radio and links

   A record without gaps

   Cellular carries minute data and diagnostics where coverage reaches the site. A satellite path keeps the record complete when terrestrial networks fail during the extremes the station exists to record. Data join the national archive and the global reference network.

   Links

   Public cellular · Satellite

5. How it works

   From a heatwave to an attribution study

   A record heatwave strikes. Both reference sensors agree on a new maximum, the node files it with its metadata, and the value enters the national record that day. Months later, attribution scientists use the station’s long homogeneous series to show how much climate change made the event more likely.

6. From order to operation · Order

   Scope the record

   The scope reads the national climate record, long stations at risk, gaps in the reference network and the service’s archive. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the reference station plan, calibration traceability, metadata practice and a price per station and per year.

   Plan a deployment

7. From order to operation · Survey

   Survey for a century

   Crews survey candidate sites with the service for land that will stay representative for decades: ownership, planned development nearby, exposure, flood and fire risk, and power. Photographs in all directions are taken for the record. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow.

8. From order to operation · Permits

   Secure the land

   Long-term land agreements protect the site and its surroundings, planning authorities are told of the station so development nearby is considered, and every agreement is kept with the station record, because a moved station breaks its record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.

9. From order to operation · Build

   Build with traceable sensors

   Redundant sensors are calibrated against references traceable to national standards, stations are assembled, nodes configured to compare sensors, enrolled with their identities and run together for weeks before shipping. Test results travel with the kit to the site. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together.

   Open the Station Builder

10. From order to operation · Install

    Install to the reference standard

    Crews set the enclosure, screens, gauges and mast at standard exposures, install redundant sensors, power and two backhaul paths, and record every height and position. Where a station replaces an older one, both run side by side. The site record is updated before the crew leaves.

11. From order to operation · Commission

    Overlap and commission

    Each node proves its identity. Redundant sensors are compared with a travelling reference, and where a station replaces another they run in parallel for long enough to measure the difference, so the record stays homogeneous. Results are signed and kept with the site record.

12. From order to operation · Operate

    Keep the record

    The service sees every reference station, sensor agreement, gaps and metadata. Daily values enter the national climate record and the global reference network, and every change is recorded so future users understand each value. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record.

13. From order to operation · Maintain

    Change nothing without a record

    Sensors rotate through calibration on the agreed plan with overlaps, surroundings are photographed each year, software updates roll out in rings and every change is written to the metadata. The record stays trusted for decades. Spares and procedures travel with the crews.

    Book field services

14. Data products

    For climate services and scientists

    Climate services and scientists receive long homogeneous records; attribution and adaptation teams receive extreme event records; network managers receive reference values for quality control; archive and data users receive full station metadata, each value tied to its sensors and calibration.

    See the data products

15. Evidence

    A record that lasts

    Sensors and exposures follow the WMO instrument guide, records are kept and homogenised to climatological practice, metadata meet the global observing manual, and the stations answer the call for a surface reference network in the global climate observing plan. Every change is on record.

    Drawn against

    WMO-No. 8 · WMO-No. 100 · WMO-No. 1160 · GCOS-244

16. What you get

    National observing network programmes

    Build-operate-transfer of national observing infrastructure as digital public infrastructure, with transfer of skills and records. Delivered as build-operate-transfer and professional services, for governments, development lenders financing them. Scale: National. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.

    Talk to sales

17. Next step

    Plan climate reference stations with us

    Tell us the site, the measurements and the rules it answers to. We reply with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for climate reference stations. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.

    Plan a deploymentOpen the Station BuilderOpen the Studio

01The place and its hazards

Where it runs, and what can go wrong.

Operating contextClimatological practice sets how long records are kept, homogenised and archived; the global observing manual sets station duties and metadata; and the global climate observing plan calls for a reference network of surface stations with redundant, traceable measurements. National services hold the records that adaptation and attribution rely on.

Hazards

• Changes of site, sensor or surroundings that break the record
• Single sensors that fail or drift unnoticed
• Missing metadata about past changes
• Urban growth creeping around the station
• Data gaps in extreme events, when they matter most

02What must be measured

What, where, how often, and under which rules.

Each measurement names where it is taken, how often, and the public standard or regulation behind it. Numbers in the sources column open the cited source below.

03The observation stack

From one base unit to a network.

The same blocks at every scale: instruments and a base node, a site with its radio, a fleet run as one, and a network federated on the open protocol.

1. 01

   Base unit

   A station: redundant reference sensors on a sensor hub with a node that compares them.

   Build a station →
2. 02

   Site

   A site: the enclosure on stable, representative land, a mast, power and two backhaul paths.

   Plan a site →
3. 03

   Fleet

   A national reference network run to one calibration and metadata plan.

   Managed offers →
4. 04

   Network

   Reference stations join the national climate record and the global reference network through WMO.

   The open protocol →

• 01Automatic weather station (WMO class)
• 02Compact weather station
• 03Sensor and instrument gateway
• 04Micro node (Nano)
• 05Cellular modem/router
• 06LEO flat-panel terminal
• 07Solar array
• 08Pole

Radio and links

Public cellular

Cellular carries minute data and diagnostics where coverage reaches the site.

Radio and links

Satellite

A satellite path keeps the record complete when terrestrial networks fail in extremes.

Edge computeThe node compares redundant sensors every minute, flags any that disagree, computes daily values to climatological practice and keeps a full local archive so the record has no gaps.

PowerMains with a long battery backup, or solar sized for the worst season; the station must not stop in the extremes it records.

04How it works

From the instrument to the product.

One observation’s path, tier by tier, with the interface on every link and a bill of materials below; then how the one node grows to a site, a fleet and federated networks.

05From order to operation

Every step, from the first call to a running site.

The same crew and the same record carry the work from scope to maintenance.

1. 01 Order

   Scope the record

   The scope reads the national climate record, long stations at risk, gaps in the reference network and the service’s archive. Nexus Observatory Inc. returns the reference station plan, calibration traceability, metadata practice and a price per station and per year. 2

2. 02 Survey

   Survey for a century

   Crews survey candidate sites with the service for land that will stay representative for decades: ownership, planned development nearby, exposure, flood and fire risk, and power. Photographs in all directions are taken for the record. Every finding is kept with the site record for the crews who follow. 1

3. 03 Permits

   Secure the land

   Long-term land agreements protect the site and its surroundings, planning authorities are told of the station so development nearby is considered, and every agreement is kept with the station record, because a moved station breaks its record. Approvals are tracked site by site, so nothing waits unseen.

4. 04 Build

   Build with traceable sensors

   Redundant sensors are calibrated against references traceable to national standards, stations are assembled, nodes configured to compare sensors, enrolled with their identities and run together for weeks before shipping. Test results travel with the kit to the site. Nothing ships until the whole kit has passed its tests together. 1

5. 05 Install

   Install to the reference standard

   Crews set the enclosure, screens, gauges and mast at standard exposures, install redundant sensors, power and two backhaul paths, and record every height and position. Where a station replaces an older one, both run side by side. The site record is updated before the crew leaves. 1

6. 06 Commission

   Overlap and commission

   Each node proves its identity. Redundant sensors are compared with a travelling reference, and where a station replaces another they run in parallel for long enough to measure the difference, so the record stays homogeneous. Results are signed and kept with the site record. 4

7. 07 Operate

   Keep the record

   The service sees every reference station, sensor agreement, gaps and metadata. Daily values enter the national climate record and the global reference network, and every change is recorded so future users understand each value. Reports for owners and funders come from the same record. 3

8. 08 Maintain

   Change nothing without a record

   Sensors rotate through calibration on the agreed plan with overlaps, surroundings are photographed each year, software updates roll out in rings and every change is written to the metadata. The record stays trusted for decades. Spares and procedures travel with the crews. 4

06Data products and integration

What it delivers, to whom, and into which systems.

Data products

• Long homogeneous climate recordsClimate services and scientists
• Extreme event recordsAttribution and adaptation teams
• Reference values for other networksNetwork managers
• Station metadataArchive and data users

Integration

• National climate archiveDaily and minute data enter the service’s archive.
• Global reference networkData and metadata are shared through WMO.
• Other networksReference values support the quality control of nearby stations.

Exchanged through WMO WIS 2.0, WIGOS metadata, OGC SensorThings API.

07Questions buyers ask

Before you scope it.

Why redundant sensors?

So a failing or drifting sensor never breaks the record.

What if a site must move?

Old and new stations run in parallel to measure the difference.

How long will it last?

It is designed and sited to run for decades.

Who keeps the metadata?

The service, with every change recorded automatically.

08Resources

The sources behind this page.

Public standards, regulations and guidance, cited where they apply. Each applies only where its jurisdiction or scope does.

1. 1WMO-No. 8: Guide to Instruments and Methods of ObservationWorld Meteorological Organization
2. 2GCOS-244: The 2022 GCOS Implementation PlanGlobal Climate Observing System · 2022
3. 3WMO-No. 1160: Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing SystemWorld Meteorological Organization
4. 4WMO-No. 100: Guide to Climatological PracticesWorld Meteorological Organization · 2018

09Related

Use cases and solutions.

10Climate: specialized fields

Other fields of this industry.

Bring us the site.

Plan a deployment, configure a station, model it in the Studio or talk to sales. The form names who receives your details.