Frontier · IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
Store-and-forward satellite IoT
Regenerative satellites that hold uplinked data until a ground station is in view.
3GPP Rel-19 IoT-NTN store-and-forward work item
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Humanitarian/
Systems and technologiesThe systems behind humanitarian.
The technologies that carry this industry’s observations, ranked against what it needs to observe and drawn from across the spectrum.
Plan a deploymentUse casesOpen the explainerHumanitarian · Systems and technologies
Observation where the need is greatest and the grid is thinnest
Deployable connectivity and sensing for displacement sites and crisis response, observing-network gap filling where stations are fewest, satellite backhaul where nothing else reaches, and evidence funders can audit. Needs: weather and water where stations are missing, connectivity at camps and field offices, off-grid power, hazard exposure and audit-ready evidence for funders.
Platform · Connectivity
Private 5G, AI-RAN and orbit, on site
Standalone private 5G and O-RAN, AI-RAN on shared accelerated compute, LEO and GEO backhaul and 3GPP direct-to-device, LPWAN and mesh for sensors over kilometres, PTP timing inside the budget, and the spectrum route for each country. Every reading and every change leaves a record that can be checked later.
ConnectivityPlatform · Field services
Survey to decommission, one accountable crew
Ground, RF and power surveyed before anything is chosen, installation and commissioning to the plan, a Managed Site run for you, support by plan, training on your own site, and decommissioning with every part recorded. Changes are versioned, tested and reversible.
Field servicesPlatform · Hardware & power
Built for the site, not the lab
Every reading and every change leaves a record that can be checked later. The same design repeats from the first site to the last. It runs on the open Observatory Protocol, so other providers can join. Crews, software and records stay the same as the network grows.
Hardware & powerPlatform · Protocol & Grid
Your grid, on the open protocol
Private and federated observing grids for networks, agencies and OEMs: providers admitted for a stated scope, devices qualified against the specification, software moved by signed plan and data exchanged across trust domains. Every step leaves evidence. Every reading and every change leaves a record that can be checked later.
Protocol & GridPlatform · Sensors & instruments
Measurements that carry their own proof
Weather and environment stations to WMO practice, RF spectrum sensing in the band, and calibration that is traceable, recorded and repeated. Every value leaves with its metadata, quality flag and provenance. Or buy the observations and leave the hardware to us: Sensing as a Service.
Sensors & instrumentsPlatform · Design and integration
One accountable integrator, site to grid
System design against the reference architecture, engineering packs a contractor can build from, multi-vendor integration on typed interfaces, and programme delivery across many sites with one plan, one schedule and one evidence record. It runs on the open Observatory Protocol, so other providers can join.
Platform · Space and satellite systems
From orbit to the ground, on one protocol
Spacecraft buses and payload classes, constellations sized to revisit and coverage, non-terrestrial networks and 3GPP direct-to-device, tasking and downlink, and space safety from tracking to conjunction awareness. Every pass, product and link carries its provenance into the grid. The same design repeats from the first site to the last.
Space and satellite systemsHow it scales
One base unit, repeated
A programme starts with one base node and the instruments it reads. A station adds power and radio, a site adds a relay, a fleet repeats the proven site across many places, and a network federates fleets through edge and core. Capacity grows by adding units, never by replacing what works.
Updates
Updates in rings, with rollback
Software and configuration reach the fleet in rings: a canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave and returns each node to its last good release, without a site visit.
Field service
One crew, from survey to repair
The same crew surveys, installs, commissions, calibrates and repairs, working from the site’s own record. Each visit updates it, so the next crew knows exactly what is there, when it was last checked and why it was changed. Spares and references are planned from that history.
What you get
Deployable connectivity and sensing kits
A cell on wheels with satellite backhaul, mesh telemetry and environment nodes for incident bases and events. Delivered as rental and managed service, for emergency agencies, humanitarian logistics, event operators. Scale: Pre-positioned fleets. Service levels are written as numbers you can measure on your own dashboard.
Talk to salesNext step
Plan a humanitarian deployment
Tell us the sites, the measurements and the people who will use them. We reply with a design and a scope for humanitarian. An engineer replies with a survey proposal and a scope, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need, at your pace.
Plan a deploymentOpen the StudioRead the stories
01IoT, LPWAN and mesh
Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks.
Frontier · IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
NR NTN and direct-to-device
5G NR links from satellites to standard devices, including RedCap over NTN in Rel-19.
3GPP TS 38.300 (Rel-17 NR NTN) · 3GPP TR 38.821 (NR NTN solutions)
Frontier · IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
LoRa-class links to satellites
LPWAN modulations received by satellites for remote sensors with very small payloads.
LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP002 (LR-FHSS)
IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
NB-IoT and LTE-M over satellite (IoT-NTN)
Standard cellular IoT devices reaching satellites where there is no terrestrial coverage.
3GPP TR 36.763 (NB-IoT/eMTC over NTN) · 3GPP TS 36.300 (Rel-17 IoT-NTN)
IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
Mobile-satellite messaging terminals
L-band and S-band short-burst data terminals for remote stations and alarms.
ITU Radio Regulations (mobile-satellite service)
IoT, LPWAN and mesh · Satellite IoT and non-terrestrial networks
Satellite terminal licensing
Authorisation of terminals and earth stations country by country.
ISED Radio Standards Specifications (Canada) · ITU Radio Regulations
025G and 6G radio access networks
Private networks and RAN sharing.
5G and 6G radio access networks · Private networks and RAN sharing
Standalone non-public networks (SNPN)
Fully separate private 5G networks with their own identifiers, core and subscriptions.
3GPP TS 23.501 clause 5.30.2
5G and 6G radio access networks · Private networks and RAN sharing
Public network integrated NPN (PNI-NPN)
Private networks delivered as slices or DNNs of a public network, with closed access groups.
3GPP TS 23.501 clause 5.30.3
5G and 6G radio access networks · Private networks and RAN sharing
Neutral host networks
One shared network that serves several operators’ subscribers in buildings, campuses or rural corridors.
3GPP TS 23.251 (network sharing) · 3GPP TS 23.501 (SNPN with credentials from a separate entity)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Private networks and RAN sharing
RAN sharing (MORAN and MOCN)
Operators sharing radios and sometimes spectrum to cut cost in low-density areas.
3GPP TS 23.251 · 3GPP TS 32.130 (network sharing management)
5G and 6G radio access networks · Private networks and RAN sharing
Industrial 5G LAN and TSN integration
Layer-2 group services and time-sensitive networking bridging for operational technology.
3GPP TS 23.501 clauses 5.27 and 5.29 · 3GPP TS 22.104
5G and 6G radio access networks · Private networks and RAN sharing
Shared and local spectrum for private networks
CBRS-type tiered access and local licences that let enterprises and communities run their own networks.
FCC 47 CFR Part 96 (CBRS) · ISED non-competitive local licensing framework (3900–3980 MHz)
03Field operations and lifecycle
Health, safety and evidence records.
Frontier · Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records
Signed photographic evidence
Field photos with signed capture time, location and device for audit.
C2PA Technical Specification 2.x
Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records
Occupational health and safety management
Hazard identification, risk control and worker participation across all field work.
ISO 45001:2018 · Canada Labour Code Part II
Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records
Tower and structure work
Safe climbing, rigging, rescue and RF awareness on communication structures.
ANSI/ASSP A10.48 · CSA Z259 series (fall protection) · ANSI/ASSP Z359 (fall protection code)
Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records
Electrical safety
Arc flash and shock risk assessment, safe work practices and lockout.
CSA Z462 · NFPA 70E · CSA Z460 (control of hazardous energy)
Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records
RF safety for workers
Exposure limits, signage and power-down procedures near transmitters.
Health Canada Safety Code 6 · IEC 62232
Field operations and lifecycle · Health, safety and evidence records
Remote and lone work
Check-in, communications, first aid and evacuation plans for isolated sites.
ISO 45001:2018 · Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
04Remote sensing and Earth observation
Tasking, ground segment and access.
Frontier · Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access
Optical ground stations
Laser downlink terminals that relieve radio spectrum limits, with weather-diverse site networks.
CCSDS 141.0-B (optical communications physical layer)
Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access
Tasking, mission planning and revisit analysis
Choosing what to acquire and when, modelling revisit, look angle and cloud risk against need.
OGC API – Connected Systems Part 2 (commands and tasking) · OGC Sensor Planning Service 2.0
Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access
Orbit and conjunction data
Standard orbit and conjunction messages used to predict passes and coordinate operations.
CCSDS 502.0-B (Orbit Data Messages) · CCSDS 508.0-B (Conjunction Data Message)
Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access
Ground stations and downlink
Tracking antennas and modems for S, X and Ka-band downlink in Earth exploration-satellite allocations.
ITU Radio Regulations (EESS allocations, e.g. 8025-8400 MHz, 25.5-27 GHz) · ETSI EN 302 307-1 (DVB-S2) · CCSDS 131.0-B
Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access
Space link extension and station networking
Standard services that let a mission use stations operated by others.
CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) services
Remote sensing and Earth observation · Tasking, ground segment and access
Direct broadcast and edge processing
Receiving and processing satellite data on site for minutes-latency products without a round trip to a central archive.
WMO Direct Broadcast Network (DBNet) · CGMS direct readout guidance
05Satellite and space systems
Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device.
Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Regenerative payloads and on-board processing
Payloads that demodulate, route or run base-station functions in orbit, cutting gateway dependence and latency.
3GPP Rel-19 NR NTN enhancements (regenerative payload) · 3GPP TS 38.300
Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Direct-to-device in mobile bands
Satellites serving unmodified phones in terrestrial mobile spectrum to extend coverage at the edge of networks.
FCC Supplemental Coverage from Space framework (2024) · ITU WRC-27 agenda item 1.13 (Resolution 253 (WRC-23))
Frontier · Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Store-and-forward satellite IoT
Satellites that collect data when out of gateway view and deliver later, suited to sparse sensor networks.
3GPP Rel-19 IoT NTN store-and-forward
Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Transparent (bent-pipe) payloads
Payloads that frequency-translate and amplify signals, keeping the gNB or hub on the ground.
3GPP TS 38.300 (NTN, Rel-17) · 3GPP TR 38.821 (NR NTN solutions)
Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
Multibeam and digitally beamformed payloads
Hundreds of steerable spot beams with flexible power and bandwidth that follow demand across a coverage area.
ETSI EN 302 307-2 (DVB-S2X) · Rec. ITU-R S.1503
Satellite and space systems · Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device
5G NR over satellite (NR-NTN)
3GPP NR adapted for satellite delay and Doppler so standard 5G devices and cores work over orbiting access.
3GPP TS 38.300 (NTN, Rel-17) · 3GPP TS 38.101-5 (UE RF, satellite access) · 3GPP TS 38.108 (satellite access node radio)
06Ground segment
Earth station spectrum coordination and interference.
Frontier · Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference
Satellite and terrestrial spectrum sharing
Studies and tools for satellite services sharing mobile bands, including direct-to-device.
ITU WRC-27 agenda item 1.13 (Resolution 253 (WRC-23))
Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference
Earth station licensing and coordination
Licences and coordination with terrestrial users around each earth station.
ITU RR Appendix 7 · ISED Canada earth station licensing
Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference
NGSO–GSO interference analysis
EPFD and aggregate interference studies that show a non-geostationary system can share with GEO networks.
ITU RR Art. 22 · Rec. ITU-R S.1503
Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference
Propagation modelling
Rain, gas, cloud, scintillation and ionospheric models that set link budgets and availability.
Rec. ITU-R P.618 · Rec. ITU-R P.676 (gaseous attenuation) · Rec. ITU-R P.531 (ionospheric effects)
Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference
Interference detection and geolocation
Finding and resolving interference using carrier ID, spectrum monitoring and standard reporting.
ETSI TS 103 129 (DVB-CID) · ITU RR Art. 15 and Appendix 10 (interference reports)
Ground segment · Earth station spectrum coordination and interference
Cross-border coordination
Coordination of earth stations and terrestrial systems near national borders.
ITU RR Art. 9 · ISED Canada–US coordination arrangements
07Every domain
The rest of the spectrum.
The domains whose layers serve this industry, each with its full directory.
Layers · 8 · items · 625G and 6G radio access networks
The radio access network from site to spectrum: macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters, massive MIMO, NR bands and TDD synchronisation, NR features such as RedCap, positioning and sidelink, private and shared networks, Wi-Fi coexistence, 6G and ISAC, and the planning and assurance that keep it working.Layers · 8 · items · 60AI-RAN and Open RAN
Disaggregated, software-defined and AI-assisted radio access: the O-RAN architecture and its open interfaces, 7.2x fronthaul, RAN intelligent controllers with xApps and rApps, SMO and O-Cloud, accelerated L1, shared GPU infrastructure for RAN and AI, AI/ML in the 3GPP air interface, energy saving, and the test and integration work that makes multi-supplier RAN deployable.Layers · 8 · items · 60Core and transport networks
The networks behind the radio: the 5G core and its functions, slicing and edge breakout, IMS voice and emergency calling, fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul over microwave, E-band, fibre, free-space optics and satellite, IP/MPLS and segment routing, IPv6, automation and intent, and the security that holds it together.Layers · 8 · items · 66Satellite and space systems
The space segment end to end: orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses, communications and Earth observation payloads, inter-satellite links, tracking and command, space safety, launch, and the licensing and filings that let a system operate over a site.Layers · 8 · items · 63Ground segment
Everything on the ground that talks to spacecraft: gateways and teleports, user terminals, modems and software-defined radio, shared antenna networks, CCSDS protocol stacks, mission control, data processing and the spectrum coordination behind each earth station.Layers · 7 · items · 59Spectrum, timing and PNT
The shared foundations every network and sensor depends on: how spectrum is licensed, shared and monitored, GNSS positioning and its corrections, packet timing with PTP and SyncE, grandmasters and holdover, resilient PNT alternatives, and the detection of interference, jamming and spoofing.Layers · 8 · items · 54IoT, LPWAN and mesh
The radios, networks, gateways, device management and field protocols that connect low-power sensors and controllers to the grid, sized to a measured power budget.Layers · 8 · items · 66Field operations and lifecycle
Everything that happens on the ground across a site’s life: survey, permits, design packs, logistics, installation, acceptance, training, operations, maintenance, upgrades, decommission and recycling, done safely and recorded as evidence.Layers · 8 · items · 64Power, energy and ruggedisation
How a remote site is powered, stored, distributed, cooled, sealed, tested, grounded, held up and kept safe, from a solar-powered sensor to a hybrid microgrid on a guyed mast.Layers · 8 · items · 61Security, identity and trust
How every node proves what it is and what it runs, how links and keys are protected, how software is traced to its source, how personal data is minimised, and how incidents are found and handled.Layers · 8 · items · 61In situ sensors and instruments
Instruments placed in the air, water, ground and spectrum, from weather stations to seismometers, radars and cameras, with the calibration, metadata and quality control that make their readings evidence.Layers · 8 · items · 67Remote sensing and Earth observation
Every platform, sensor, processing level and ground-segment step that turns remote measurements of the Earth into calibrated, analysis-ready evidence for a site, a region or a network.Layers · 8 · items · 65GIS, maps and GeoAI
The reference frames, formats, services, analysis methods, machine learning and 3D models that turn observations into located, queryable and decision-ready geographic information.Layers · 8 · items · 59Data, software and interoperability
How observations move from the edge into stores, catalogues and APIs with their provenance, licence and residency attached, and how they interoperate through open standards and the open Observatory Protocol.Bring us the site.
Survey, design, deployment and operation for humanitarian. The form names who receives your details.
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