--- title: "Architecture: Training and enablement | Nexus Observatory" description: "Reference architecture of the Training and enablement platform: six layers, the protocol functions it relies on and the evidence behind every observation." url: https://observatory.global/training/architecture/ publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc. updated: 2026-11-07 --- [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) / [Training and enablement](https://observatory.global/training/) / **Architecture** # How training and enablement is built. One reference architecture under every deployment: the layers of a site, the protocol functions this platform relies on, and the evidence that travels with every observation. [Plan with us](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) [Industries](https://observatory.global/training/industries/) Areas · **5** Technologies · **127** Industries · **3** At a glance ## Health, safety and evidence records In Training and enablement, the health, safety and evidence records layer holds occupational health and safety management, tower and structure work and electrical safety, each drawn against the standard it follows. Hazard identification, risk control and worker participation across all field work. The problem ### Your team runs it. We make sure they can This page shows how Training and enablement is put together, layer by layer, from the instrument to the record. Operator, crew and engineer training on the systems you own, commissioning taught on your own site, enablement for integrators and suppliers, and learning paths from first principles to a commissioned site, each step recorded. Components - Pole-mounted edge gateway node - Automatic weather station (AWS) to WMO siting practice - Particulate monitoring station and sensor node - Seismometer vault station (broadband, solar powered, GNSS-timed) - LoRaWAN gateway, endpoint and soil probe - Deployable field shelter with environmental control - Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment - Operations console with a video wall Interfaces **Instruments**: SDI-12 · RS-485 / Modbus RTU · 4–20 mA **Radio**: Ethernet · LTE-M / NB-IoT · LoRaWAN **Time and position**: GNSS 1PPS **Security**: TPM 2.0 **Publishing**: MQTT Where it works - Design packs and logistics - Permitting and approvals - Decommission and recycling In the story below 1. The system, part by part 2. Assembly 3. Installation 4. Deployment 5. Connections 6. Operation 7. Failure and recovery 8. Scale and federation 9. What you get Scenes · 13 Next steps [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Training and enablement](https://observatory.global/training/) 1. Training and enablement · Architecture Your team runs it. We make sure they can This page shows how Training and enablement is put together, layer by layer, from the instrument to the record. Operator, crew and engineer training on the systems you own, commissioning taught on your own site, enablement for integrators and suppliers, and learning paths from first principles to a commissioned site, each step recorded. 2. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Health, safety and evidence records In Training and enablement, the health, safety and evidence records layer holds occupational health and safety management, tower and structure work and electrical safety, each drawn against the standard it follows. Hazard identification, risk control and worker participation across all field work. 3. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Design packs and logistics In Training and enablement, the design packs and logistics layer holds design packs, information management across the asset life and configuration management, each drawn against the standard it follows. Drawings, single-line diagrams, layouts, BOMs and method statements issued for construction. 4. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Survey and site acquisition In Training and enablement, the survey and site acquisition layer holds desktop study and siting screen, RF survey and spectrum scan and site walk and engineering survey, each drawn against the standard it follows. Ranking candidate sites from terrain, hazards, access, power, land use and coverage before anyone travels. 5. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Permitting and approvals In Training and enablement, the permitting and approvals layer holds antenna siting consultation, RF exposure assessment and radio licences and equipment authorisation, each drawn against the standard it follows. Land-use authority and public consultation for new antenna systems. Showing that public and worker exposure near transmitters stays within limits. 6. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Maintenance, spares, refurbishment and upgrades In Training and enablement, the maintenance, spares, refurbishment and upgrades layer holds preventive maintenance, condition monitoring and predictive maintenance with machine learning, each drawn against the standard it follows. Scheduled inspection, cleaning and replacement by asset class and environment. Using health data from nodes and power systems to plan interventions. 7. Architecture · In situ sensors and instruments Meteorology In Training and enablement, the meteorology layer holds air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and surface wind, each drawn against the standard it follows. Ventilated, shielded thermometers and hygrometers sited and exposed to WMO practice. Barometers for weather, altimetry correction and storm surge analysis. 8. Trust Proved before it is trusted A network for Training and enablement admits a node only once its hardware root of trust has answered an attestation challenge, whoever supplied it. Signed software, keys kept in secure hardware and a signature on every record let anyone check where a value for Training and enablement came from. 9. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Operations, NOC, support and training In Training and enablement, the operations, NOC, support and training layer holds service management, network operations centre and managed site operations, each drawn against the standard it follows. Defined processes for incidents, problems, changes and service levels. Round-the-clock monitoring, alarms, triage and dispatch for every node. 10. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Decommission and recycling In Training and enablement, the decommission and recycling layer holds decommission planning, electronic waste and battery end of life, each drawn against the standard it follows. Removing equipment, restoring the site and closing licences and leases. Collection and treatment of electrical and electronic equipment through approved channels. 11. Architecture · Field operations and lifecycle Installation, commissioning and acceptance In Training and enablement, the installation, commissioning and acceptance layer holds civil works and foundations, structured cabling and fibre and bonding and grounding installation, each drawn against the standard it follows. Footings, anchors, cable routes and enclosures built to the design pack. 12. What you get Open where it can be, contracted where it must be What is open for Training and enablement is free: the protocol, the methods and the open data can be used and built on by anyone. What must be contracted for Training and enablement, sites, fleets, managed operations and data tiers, Nexus Observatory Inc. delivers at a price per site and per fleet, with service levels in numbers. 13. Next step Training and enablement, planned with you Tell us which layers of Training and enablement you already run and which you want us to design and deliver. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for Training and enablement, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Training and enablement](https://observatory.global/training/) More presentations ## See it from every side. Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before. [All presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/) ### In depth [ISIC section · ISIC J **Information and communication**](https://observatory.global/industries/j-information-and-communication/) [Use case **Highway corridor coverage and safety sensing**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/highway-corridor/) [Use case **Citizen seismology node**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/citizen-seismology/) [Use case **Northern civil observatory**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/northern-civil/) ### Explainers [Explainer · Scientific **Scientific, explained**](https://observatory.global/industries/research/explainer/) [Explainer · Communities and rural **Communities and rural** Community cellular coverage on real terrain, fixed-wireless Fresnel clearance, corridors, a remote microgrid sized from its load and interim public-safety broadband.](https://observatory.global/industries/communities/explainer/) [Platform **Training and enablement** Systems outlive the people who installed them](https://observatory.global/training/) [Platform **Sensors & instruments** A number without its story](https://observatory.global/sensors/) ### Stories [Story · Overview **What changes by 2030** Six shifts will reshape how the Earth is observed before the decade ends: networks that sense, models that forecast, foundation models that read imagery,…](https://observatory.global/stories/horizon-2030/) [Story · End to end **An observation grid, end to end** An observation is not a reading. It is a reading with a place, a time, a calibration and a path that anyone can follow back. An observing grid is the…](https://observatory.global/stories/observation-grid/) ### Places and networks [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Arctic station** A self-powered station on the ice: a microgrid, a low-orbit satellite terminal, a weather station, a GNSS monument and an edge node that holds data through the polar night.](https://observatory.global/environments/arctic-station/) [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Ground station** An 11 m class antenna and its companions on a fenced pad, with edge compute that turns each pass into catalogued products before the next one.](https://observatory.global/environments/ground-station/) [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Orbit view** Ground tracks of a sun-synchronous imager and three shells of a broadband constellation, computed from their orbits over a rotating Earth.](https://observatory.global/environments/orbit-view/) [Network scene · IoT · Mesh **Industrial IoT in a process plant** Wireless instruments on the pipe racks and process units form a mesh to the control building, tank gauges report over LoRaWAN, and a microwave hop links the control building to…](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/iot-plant/) [Network scene · Backhaul · Fresnel zone **Microwave backhaul across a river valley** An 18 GHz hop from the church tower to a mast on the far side of the flood plain: its first Fresnel zone, clearance over the town and trees, and what a new building in the path…](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/backhaul-fresnel/) ### Heritage observatories [Heritage observatory · China · 2016 **Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope** A dish 500 metres wide built in a natural limestone bowl in the mountains of Guizhou, whose surface reshapes itself in real time to follow the sky.](https://observatory.global/observatories/fast/) [Heritage observatory · Chile · 2011 **Atacama Large Millimeter** Sixty-six antennas on a 5,000-metre desert plateau in Chile, linked by a supercomputer into one telescope that sees cold gas and dust at millimetre wavelengths.](https://observatory.global/observatories/alma/) ### Interactive tools [Interactive tool · Configure a station **Station Builder** Configure a station part by part in 3D, check the rules as you go and request a quote for the assembly.](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/) **01** Reference architecture ## From one instrument to the grid. Every deployment is drawn on the same six layers. A typed contract sits at every boundary, so parts from different makers fit together. 1. **01** **Instrument** The sensor or radio that makes the measurement, with its calibration. 2. **02** **Node** The device that hosts instruments: identity, time, power and storage. 3. **03** **Site** Nodes in one place, on one mast or in one shelter, with their links. 4. **04** **Cell** Sites that share a backhaul, a power plan and an operator. 5. **05** **Cluster** Cells run as one service, with one fleet plan and one evidence trail. 6. **06** **Grid** Clusters that federate across owners through the open protocol. [**01** **Join** Identity, attestation quote, signed policy.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**02** **Admit** Admitted for a stated scope, nothing wider.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**03** **Describe** What, where, how and by whom, with calibration.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**04** **Time** One clock across the grid, with its error bound.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**05** **Observe** Every value with quality and provenance.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**06** **Qualify** Tested against the specification, state on record.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**07** **Federate** Signed exchange across grids and trust domains.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**08** **Orchestrate** Software and configuration by signed plan.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**09** **Correct** A correction marks what depends on it and publishes a new version.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**10** **Exchange** Products reach people and applications through versioned interfaces.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**11** **Prove** Signed proof receipts that an independent verifier can check.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) [**12** **Exit and decommission** An open exit path, and a record that closes.](https://observatory.global/protocol/functions/) The protocol functions this platform relies on most. **02** Trust and evidence ## Every observation carries its proof. What a buyer, a regulator or a partner grid can check, on every site we build. Evidence ### Identity and attestation Hardware-rooted identity, with a quote checked at every join. Evidence ### Segmentation Least privilege between nodes, tenants and sites. Evidence ### Time integrity Every clock monitored, every holdover logged. Evidence ### Evidence bundles What was done, by whom, with what result. Evidence ### Qualification state Each device and release, with the tests behind it. Evidence ### Signed plans Software and configuration change only by a signed plan. **03** Read further ## The open specification behind it. [Observatory Protocol Specification Functions, state machines, objects and flows. Read →](https://observatory.global/protocol/specification/) [Observatory Protocol Reference designs Nodes and sites drawn to the protocol. Read →](https://observatory.global/protocol/reference-designs/) [Observatory Protocol Conformance Run the suite against an implementation. Read →](https://observatory.global/protocol/conformance/) **04** On this site ## Where to go next. [Training and enablement Areas Every area, with its systems and standards. Open →](https://observatory.global/training/areas/) [Training and enablement Technologies The layered map of what we build with. Open →](https://observatory.global/training/technologies/) [Training and enablement Industries The industry sites built on this platform. Open →](https://observatory.global/training/industries/) [Training and enablement Resources Explainer, stories, specification and forms. Open →](https://observatory.global/training/resources/) ## Bring us the site. We bring the survey, the design and the crew. The form names who receives your details. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) [Contact](https://observatory.global/training/contact/) [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) **Training and enablement** . Your team runs it. We make sure they can. [Talk to us](https://observatory.global/contact/) Training and enablement - [Overview](https://observatory.global/training/) - [Areas](https://observatory.global/training/areas/) - [Technologies](https://observatory.global/training/technologies/) - [Architecture](https://observatory.global/training/architecture/) - [Industries](https://observatory.global/training/industries/) - [Resources](https://observatory.global/training/resources/) - [Contact](https://observatory.global/training/contact/) Platforms - [Protocol & Grid](https://observatory.global/grid-services/) - [Software](https://observatory.global/software/) - [Hardware & power](https://observatory.global/hardware/) - [Sensors & instruments](https://observatory.global/sensors/) - [Connectivity](https://observatory.global/connectivity/) - [Edge compute & AI](https://observatory.global/edge-ai/) - [Earth observation & GeoAI](https://observatory.global/earth-observation/) - [Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/) - [Positioning, navigation and timing](https://observatory.global/pnt/) - [Security and trust](https://observatory.global/security-trust/) - [Digital twins and simulation](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/) - [Data & licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/) - [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/) - [Design and integration](https://observatory.global/integration/) - [Test and qualification](https://observatory.global/qualification/) - [Operations centre](https://observatory.global/operations/) - [Training and enablement](https://observatory.global/training/) - [Frontier labs](https://observatory.global/labs/) Solutions - [Early warning](https://observatory.global/use-cases/street-flood/) - [Wildfire and fire weather](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/) - [Environmental compliance](https://observatory.global/use-cases/methane-fenceline/) - [Asset monitoring](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/) - [Private networks](https://observatory.global/connectivity/private-5g/) - 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