Grandmasters, reference clocks and holdover.

Technologies

• PRTC and enhanced PRTC GNSS-traceable time references at 100 ns or 30 ns accuracy that anchor a timing network.
• Primary reference clocks for frequency Frequency references for SyncE and legacy networks.
• Atomic and quartz oscillators Caesium, rubidium, chip-scale atomic and oven-controlled quartz oscillators chosen by holdover needs.
• Holdover design Keeping time within budget for hours or days when GNSS is lost.
• Timing performance monitoring Measuring time error, MTIE and TDEV across the network to catch degradation early.
• Traceability to national time scales Linking network time to UTC through a national metrology institute.
• Edge and distributed grandmasters Grandmaster functions at cell sites and edge nodes to shorten timing chains.