---
title: "Technologies: Space systems | Nexus Observatory"
description: "Technologies of the Space and satellite systems platform, layer by layer: Satellite and space systems, Ground segment and Remote sensing and Earth…"
url: https://observatory.global/space/technologies/
publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc.
updated: 2026-11-02
---

[Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/)

/

[Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/)

/

**Technologies** 

# The technologies behind space and satellite systems.

Every technology this platform builds with, layer by layer, from the open taxonomy. Marked in red: what is moving now, each traced to its source.

[Plan with us](https://observatory.global/space/contact/deployment/)

[Architecture](https://observatory.global/space/architecture/)

Areas · **6** Technologies · **196** Industries · **10** 

Specification

## Take the station apart.

Every part is a class we source, wire and test before the station ships. Select a part in the drawing or a row of the sheet and the other follows. Switch on Dimensions to measure it.

Station assembly

Select a part to read what it does. Pull the station apart to see how it fits together.

[Configure a station](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/)

At a glance

## Satellite and space systems

The space segment end to end: orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses, communications and Earth observation payloads, inter-satellite links, tracking and command, space safety, launch, and the licensing and filings that let a system operate over a site. In Space and satellite systems, satellite and space systems covers orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses and platforms, communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device and inter-satellite and space-to-ground links.

The problem

### From orbit to the ground, on one protocol

The technologies of Space and satellite systems start with satellite and space systems, ground segment and remote sensing and Earth observation. Spacecraft buses and payload classes, constellations sized to revisit and coverage, non-terrestrial networks and 3GPP direct-to-device, tasking and downlink, and space safety from tracking to conjunction awareness.

Components

- LEO broadband user terminal (generic flat-panel class) on a ballasted pivot mount, with cable and router
- Automatic weather station (AWS) to WMO siting practice
- Geodetic GNSS station on a deep-drilled braced monument (generic class, no brand)
- "AI tower in a box"
- PTP grandmaster clock with GNSS antenna
- Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment
- Operations console with a video wall

Interfaces

**Radio**: Satellite (LEO/GEO) · Ethernet · PoE

In the story below

1. The system, part by part
2. Assembly
3. Installation
4. Deployment
5. Connections
6. Operation
7. Failure and recovery
8. Scale and federation
9. What you get

Scenes · 13

Next steps

[Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/space/contact/deployment/)

[Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/)

[See Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/)

1. Space and satellite systems · Technologies From orbit to the ground, on one protocol The technologies of Space and satellite systems start with satellite and space systems, ground segment and remote sensing and Earth observation. Spacecraft buses and payload classes, constellations sized to revisit and coverage, non-terrestrial networks and 3GPP direct-to-device, tasking and downlink, and space safety from tracking to conjunction awareness.
2. Technology · Satellite and space systems Satellite and space systems The space segment end to end: orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses, communications and Earth observation payloads, inter-satellite links, tracking and command, space safety, launch, and the licensing and filings that let a system operate over a site. In Space and satellite systems, satellite and space systems covers orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses and platforms, communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device and inter-satellite and space-to-ground links.
3. Technology · Remote sensing and Earth observation Remote sensing and Earth observation Every platform, sensor, processing level and ground-segment step that turns remote measurements of the Earth into calibrated, analysis-ready evidence for a site, a region or a network. In Space and satellite systems, remote sensing and Earth observation covers platforms and orbits, optical, spectral and thermal sensors, radar, lidar and microwave sensors and processing levels and analysis-ready data.
4. Time and place When and where, on every record Every record made for Space and satellite systems carries its time, from a clock disciplined by satellite time or a PTP grandmaster, with the position and siting record of the station that made it. When time or position degrades, the record for Space and satellite systems says so, and every user downstream sees the same warning.
5. Technology · Ground segment Ground segment Everything on the ground that talks to spacecraft: gateways and teleports, user terminals, modems and software-defined radio, shared antenna networks, CCSDS protocol stacks, mission control, data processing and the spectrum coordination behind each earth station. In Space and satellite systems, ground segment covers gateways and teleports, user terminals, baseband, modems and software-defined radio and ground-station-as-a-service and antenna networks.
6. Trust Proved before it is trusted A node joins a network for Space and satellite systems only after its hardware root of trust answers an attestation challenge. Its keys stay in secure hardware, its software arrives signed and every record it makes for Space and satellite systems carries a signature, so anyone downstream can check where a value came from.
7. Evidence Standards an auditor can check Metadata for Space and satellite systems follows WIGOS and ISO 19115 practice, and observations are served through OGC SensorThings and exchanged through WIS 2.0. We keep every release, calibration and admission for Space and satellite systems as a signed record that an auditor can verify independently, against the standard it names.
8. Operations Every node watched, every incident closed The operations console shows every node of a network for Space and satellite systems with its state, its plan and its evidence. An alert arrives with its data and a runbook, acknowledging it opens a work order, and an incident for Space and satellite systems closes only when the operator records the cause and verifies the fix.
9. Failure and recovery When a node fails, the fleet knows first When a node for Space and satellite systems goes silent or a sensor drifts, the node buffers its data and fails over to a second link where the site has one. The alert carries the evidence a responder needs, and the record for Space and satellite systems loses nothing and counts nothing twice.
10. Updates Updates in rings, with rollback Software and configuration reach a fleet for Space and satellite systems in rings: one canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave, and each node for Space and satellite systems returns to its last good release without a site visit.
11. How it scales One base unit, repeated A network for Space and satellite systems starts with one base node and the instruments it reads. A station adds power and radio, a site adds a relay and a fleet repeats the proven site, so capacity for Space and satellite systems grows by adding units, never by replacing what works.
12. What you get Open where it can be, contracted where it must be The protocol, the methods and the open data behind Space and satellite systems are free to use and build on. Nexus Observatory Inc. delivers sites, fleets, managed operations and data tiers for Space and satellite systems under contract, priced per site and per fleet, with service levels written as numbers you can check.
13. Next step Space and satellite systems, planned with you Tell us which technologies of Space and satellite systems your sites must run and the standards your buyers hold you to. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for Space and satellite systems, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/space/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/)

More presentations

## See it from every side.

Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before.

[All presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/)

### In depth

[Use case **Low-cost stream gauge network**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/stream-gauge/)

[Use case **Methane fenceline observatory**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/methane-fenceline/)

[Use case **Wildfire camera and fire-weather node**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/)

[Use case **Highway corridor coverage and safety sensing**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/highway-corridor/)

### Explainers

[Explainer · Environment and climate **Environment and climate — Sectors** Methane fencelines, acoustic biodiversity grids, flux towers, river sondes and smoke networks: an interactive explainer with the method behind every number.](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/explainer/)

[Explainer · Scientific **Scientific, explained**](https://observatory.global/industries/research/explainer/)

[Platform **Space and satellite systems** Orbit and ground, on different records](https://observatory.global/space/)

[Platform **Sensors & instruments** A number without its story](https://observatory.global/sensors/)

### Stories

[Story · Ocean **The ocean below the surface** Most of the ocean’s heat lies below what satellites can see. Profiling floats drifting at depth and surfacing to report have measured it routinely since the…](https://observatory.global/stories/ocean/)

[Story · Orbit **Orbits as infrastructure** Low orbits are fast and crowded, high orbits slow and spacious. Every choice of altitude is a trade between delay, footprint and how long the satellite…](https://observatory.global/stories/orbit/)

[Story · 6G and sensing **Networks that sense** The framework for 6G names integrated sensing and communication as one of its usage scenarios: the same radio that carries data also measures range,…](https://observatory.global/stories/sensing-networks-6g/)

### Places and networks

[Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Offshore and ocean** A moored met-ocean buoy and a profiling float report through a satellite pass overhead; the red link is the uplink.](https://observatory.global/environments/offshore-ocean/)

[Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Orbit view** Ground tracks of a sun-synchronous imager and three shells of a broadband constellation, computed from their orbits over a rotating Earth.](https://observatory.global/environments/orbit-view/)

[Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Arctic station** A self-powered station on the ice: a microgrid, a low-orbit satellite terminal, a weather station, a GNSS monument and an edge node that holds data through the polar night.](https://observatory.global/environments/arctic-station/)

[Network scene · NTN · Satellite **Satellite direct to device in a mountain valley** Where the valley cell cannot reach, phones on the pass road connect straight to a low-orbit satellite, which relays through its feeder link to a gateway.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/ntn-d2d/)

[Network scene · Backhaul · Fresnel zone **Microwave backhaul across a river valley** An 18 GHz hop from the church tower to a mast on the far side of the flood plain: its first Fresnel zone, clearance over the town and trees, and what a new building in the path…](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/backhaul-fresnel/)

### Heritage observatories

[Heritage observatory · Germany · 1781 **Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory** A mountain-top weather station in Bavaria that has recorded without a break since 1 January 1781, started as a node of the first international weather society.](https://observatory.global/observatories/hohenpeissenberg/)

[Heritage observatory · Austria · 1886 **Sonnblick Observatory** A weather tower and a wooden hut on a 3,106-metre Alpine summit, begun in 1886 with a gold-mine owner's money and a Viennese professor's plan.](https://observatory.global/observatories/sonnblick-observatory/)

### Interactive tools

[Interactive tool · Plan a site **Field Deployment Studio** Terrain, devices, coverage, viewshed, power and the best spot for a station, then a deployment request with the plan attached.](https://observatory.global/studio/)

**01** The layered map

## Layer by layer, from the open taxonomy.

Each domain this platform draws on, with its layers and the technologies in each. Open a layer for what each technology does and the standard behind it.

### Satellite and space systems

The space segment end to end: orbits and constellations, spacecraft buses, communications and Earth observation payloads, inter-satellite links, tracking and command, space safety, launch, and the licensing and filings that let a system operate over a site.

[The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/)

### [Orbits and constellations](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/orbits-and-constellations/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 2

- LEO broadband constellations
- MEO constellations
- GEO high-throughput satellites
- HEO (Molniya and Tundra-type) orbits
- Sun-synchronous and polar orbits for EO
- Constellation design and coverage analysis
- HAPS and HIBS stratospheric platforms
- Very low Earth orbit (VLEO)

### [Spacecraft buses and platforms](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/spacecraft-buses-and-platforms/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 1

- Smallsat and CubeSat platforms
- Electrical power subsystems
- Attitude and orbit control
- Propulsion (chemical, electric, low-toxicity)
- On-board data handling and avionics buses
- Thermal control and structures
- Radiation effects and EEE parts
- Environmental verification
- Flight software and software-defined satellites

### [Communications payloads, NTN and direct-to-device](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/communications-payloads-ntn-and-direct-to-device/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 3

- Transparent (bent-pipe) payloads
- Regenerative payloads and on-board processing
- Multibeam and digitally beamformed payloads
- 5G NR over satellite (NR-NTN)
- IoT over satellite (NB-IoT and LTE-M NTN)
- Direct-to-device in mobile bands
- Mobile satellite services in L and S band
- Store-and-forward satellite IoT
- Satellite broadcast and multicast

### [Inter-satellite and space-to-ground links](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/inter-satellite-and-space-to-ground-links/)

Technologies · 7 · Frontier · 4

- RF inter-satellite links
- Optical inter-satellite links
- Optical space-to-ground links
- Pointing, acquisition and tracking
- Space networking and delay-tolerant routing
- GEO data relay for LEO missions
- Space-based quantum key distribution

### [Earth observation payload classes](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/earth-observation-payload-classes/)

Technologies · 10 · Frontier · 1

- Multispectral optical imagers
- Hyperspectral imagers
- Synthetic aperture radar (X, C, L band)
- Thermal infrared and fire detection
- Atmospheric and greenhouse gas sounders
- GNSS radio occultation and reflectometry
- Space-based AIS and ADS-B reception
- RF spectrum sensing from orbit
- Lidar and radar altimetry
- On-board processing and AI for EO

### [Tracking, telemetry and command and space safety](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/tracking-telemetry-and-command-and-space-safety/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 1

- TT&C radio links
- Telemetry and telecommand protocols
- Ranging and orbit determination
- Space link security
- Conjunction assessment and collision avoidance
- Space situational awareness sensing
- Space weather monitoring
- Debris mitigation and end-of-life disposal
- Rendezvous, proximity operations and on-orbit servicing

### [Launch, licensing and regulation](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/launch-licensing-and-regulation/)

Technologies · 8

- Launch and rideshare integration
- ITU filings: advance publication, coordination, notification
- NGSO–GSO sharing and EPFD
- Landing rights and market access
- Remote sensing licensing
- International space law and registration
- Export controls for space items
- Space sustainability frameworks

### [Frontier and research](https://observatory.global/technologies/satellite/frontier-and-research/)

Technologies · 6 · Frontier · 6

- 6G integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
- Orbital edge computing
- Lunar and cislunar communications and navigation
- Autonomous constellation operations
- Space-based solar power
- In-space assembly and manufacturing

### Ground segment

Everything on the ground that talks to spacecraft: gateways and teleports, user terminals, modems and software-defined radio, shared antenna networks, CCSDS protocol stacks, mission control, data processing and the spectrum coordination behind each earth station.

[The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/)

### [Gateways and teleports](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/gateways-and-teleports/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1

- NGSO gateway sites
- GEO teleports and hub earth stations
- RF chain: LNA, LNB, BUC and high-power amplifiers
- Site diversity and rain-fade mitigation
- Adaptive coding and modulation
- Teleport facilities, power and lightning protection
- Gateway-to-core interconnection
- Optical ground stations

### [User terminals](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/user-terminals/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 1

- Electronically steered flat-panel terminals
- Parabolic VSAT terminals
- Maritime terminals
- Aeronautical terminals
- Land-mobile and communications-on-the-move
- IoT and low-power satellite terminals
- Multi-orbit and hybrid terrestrial terminals
- Terminal installation and electrical safety
- Handheld and smartphone satellite access

### [Baseband, modems and software-defined radio](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/baseband-modems-and-software-defined-radio/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1

- DVB-S2 and DVB-S2X forward links
- DVB-RCS2 return links
- CCSDS modulation and channel coding
- Software-defined radio platforms
- Digital IF and RF-over-IP
- Virtualised and cloud-native modems
- Carrier identification
- NTN gNB and core functions at gateways

### [Ground-station-as-a-service and antenna networks](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/ground-station-as-a-service-and-antenna-networks/)

Technologies · 7

- Shared antenna networks
- Space link extension services
- Pass scheduling and resource management
- High-latitude and polar ground sites
- Ground segment cybersecurity
- Federated and hybrid ground networks
- Data delivery to cloud and edge

### [CCSDS protocol stacks](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/ccsds-protocol-stacks/)

Technologies · 9

- Synchronisation and channel coding
- Space data link protocols
- Space packets and encapsulation
- File delivery
- Delay and disruption tolerant networking
- Space data link security
- Telemetry and command databases
- Navigation data messages
- Data compression

### [Mission control and flight dynamics](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/mission-control-and-flight-dynamics/)

Technologies · 7 · Frontier · 1

- Mission control systems
- Flight dynamics
- Constellation operations automation
- Payload planning and tasking
- Anomaly detection and spacecraft health analytics
- Operations security and access control
- Operational simulators and digital twins

### [Data downlink, processing and distribution](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/data-downlink-processing-and-distribution/)

Technologies · 8

- Level-0 to Level-2 processing chains
- Analysis-ready data production
- Catalogues and discovery
- Cloud-native geospatial formats
- Calibration and validation
- Low-latency tasking-to-delivery pipelines
- Data licensing and access control
- Processing at the antenna edge

### [Earth station spectrum coordination and interference](https://observatory.global/technologies/ground/earth-station-spectrum-coordination-and-interference/)

Technologies · 7 · Frontier · 1

- Earth station licensing and coordination
- NGSO–GSO interference analysis
- Propagation modelling
- Interference detection and geolocation
- Cross-border coordination
- Protection of radio astronomy and science services
- Satellite and terrestrial spectrum sharing

### Remote sensing and Earth observation

Every platform, sensor, processing level and ground-segment step that turns remote measurements of the Earth into calibrated, analysis-ready evidence for a site, a region or a network.

[The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/)

### [Platforms and orbits](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/platforms-and-orbits/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1

- Geostationary imagers and sounders
- Low Earth orbit sun-synchronous missions
- Small satellite constellations
- High-altitude platform stations (HAPS)
- Crewed survey aircraft
- Drones and remotely piloted aircraft
- Tethered aerostats and balloon soundings
- Ground-based remote sensing

### [Optical, spectral and thermal sensors](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/optical-spectral-and-thermal-sensors/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1

- Panchromatic and very high resolution optical
- Multispectral imagers
- Hyperspectral imaging spectrometers
- Thermal infrared imagers
- Stereo, tri-stereo and video capture
- Ocean colour and aquatic reflectance
- Low-light and night-time imaging
- Solar-induced fluorescence

### [Radar, lidar and microwave sensors](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/radar-lidar-and-microwave-sensors/)

Technologies · 10 · Frontier · 1

- Synthetic aperture radar by band (P, L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka)
- Interferometric SAR (InSAR)
- Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR)
- Ocean radar backscatter and scatterometry
- Radar altimetry
- Lidar (airborne, drone and spaceborne)
- Passive microwave radiometry
- GNSS radio occultation
- GNSS reflectometry
- Atmospheric sounders and composition instruments

### [Processing levels and analysis-ready data](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/processing-levels-and-analysis-ready-data/)

Technologies · 9

- Level 0: raw instrument data
- Level 1: calibrated and geolocated
- Level 2: geophysical variables
- Levels 3 and 4: gridded, composited and modelled
- CEOS analysis-ready data
- Atmospheric, terrain and radiometric terrain correction
- Cloud, shadow and quality masking
- Onboard and ground compression
- Product metadata and lineage

### [Calibration and validation](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/calibration-and-validation/)

Technologies · 8

- Pre-flight and onboard calibration
- Vicarious calibration and test sites
- Inter-calibration of satellite instruments
- Fiducial reference measurements
- SAR calibration targets
- Geometric accuracy and ground control
- Product validation stages
- In situ match-up networks

### [Tasking, ground segment and access](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/tasking-ground-segment-and-access/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 1

- Tasking, mission planning and revisit analysis
- Orbit and conjunction data
- Ground stations and downlink
- Space link extension and station networking
- Direct broadcast and edge processing
- Optical ground stations
- Ground segment security
- Licensing and remote sensing law
- Disaster activation and rapid mapping

### [Data cubes, analysis and archives](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/data-cubes-analysis-and-archives/)

Technologies · 7

- EO data cubes
- Imagery catalogues
- Time-series analysis
- Essential climate, ocean and biodiversity variables
- Fusion with in situ data and models
- Long-term archive and preservation
- Commercial and open data licensing

### [Frontier and research](https://observatory.global/technologies/eo/frontier-and-research/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 8

- Onboard AI and in-orbit processing
- Optical inter-satellite links and data relay
- High-revisit SAR and high-resolution thermal constellations
- Imaging spectroscopy constellations
- Greenhouse gas point-source detection
- EO foundation models and embeddings
- Quantum and cold-atom gravimetry
- Digital twins of the Earth

**02** Across the network

## The whole spectrum, on the main site.

[Main site Every technology domain All domains, layers and items, with their sources. Open →](https://observatory.global/technologies/)

[Main site The spectrum The technologies of observation on one map. Open →](https://observatory.global/spectrum/)

[Observatory Protocol Standards The open standards the protocol is composed from. Open →](https://observatory.global/protocol/standards/)

**03** On this site

## Where to go next.

[Space and satellite systems Areas Every area, with its systems and standards. Open →](https://observatory.global/space/areas/)

[Space and satellite systems Architecture Layers, functions and evidence. Open →](https://observatory.global/space/architecture/)

[Space and satellite systems Industries The industry sites built on this platform. Open →](https://observatory.global/space/industries/)

[Space and satellite systems Resources Explainer, stories, specification and forms. Open →](https://observatory.global/space/resources/)

## Bring us the site.

We bring the survey, the design and the crew. The form names who receives your details.

[Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/space/contact/deployment/)

[Contact](https://observatory.global/space/contact/)

[Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) **Space and satellite systems** . From orbit to the ground, on one protocol. [Talk to us](https://observatory.global/contact/)

Space and satellite systems

- [Overview](https://observatory.global/space/)
- [Areas](https://observatory.global/space/areas/)
- [Technologies](https://observatory.global/space/technologies/)
- [Architecture](https://observatory.global/space/architecture/)
- [Industries](https://observatory.global/space/industries/)
- [Resources](https://observatory.global/space/resources/)
- [Contact](https://observatory.global/space/contact/)

Platforms

- [Protocol & Grid](https://observatory.global/grid-services/)
- [Software](https://observatory.global/software/)
- [Hardware & power](https://observatory.global/hardware/)
- [Sensors & instruments](https://observatory.global/sensors/)
- [Connectivity](https://observatory.global/connectivity/)
- [Edge compute & AI](https://observatory.global/edge-ai/)
- [Earth observation & GeoAI](https://observatory.global/earth-observation/)
- [Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/)
- [Positioning, navigation and timing](https://observatory.global/pnt/)
- [Security and trust](https://observatory.global/security-trust/)
- [Digital twins and simulation](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/)
- [Data & licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/)
- [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/)
- [Design and integration](https://observatory.global/integration/)
- [Test and qualification](https://observatory.global/qualification/)
- [Operations centre](https://observatory.global/operations/)
- [Training and enablement](https://observatory.global/training/)
- [Frontier labs](https://observatory.global/labs/)

Solutions

- [Early warning](https://observatory.global/use-cases/street-flood/)
- [Wildfire and fire weather](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/)
- [Environmental compliance](https://observatory.global/use-cases/methane-fenceline/)
- [Asset monitoring](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/)
- [Private networks](https://observatory.global/connectivity/private-5g/)
- [Remote power and sites](https://observatory.global/use-cases/remote-microgrid/)
- [Climate and resilience](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/)
- [Site twins](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/)
- [Data licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/)

Industries

- [Public safety](https://observatory.global/industries/public-safety/)
- [Government](https://observatory.global/industries/government/)
- [Cities](https://observatory.global/industries/cities/)
- [Civil resilience](https://observatory.global/industries/resilience/)
- [Communities](https://observatory.global/industries/communities/)
- [Humanitarian](https://observatory.global/industries/humanitarian/)
- [Climate](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/)
- [Water](https://observatory.global/industries/water/)
- [Nature](https://observatory.global/industries/nature/)
- [Oceans](https://observatory.global/industries/oceans/)
- [Agriculture](https://observatory.global/industries/agriculture/)
- [Energy](https://observatory.global/industries/energy/)
- [Telecom](https://observatory.global/industries/telecom/)
- [Transport](https://observatory.global/industries/transport/)
- [Infrastructure](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/)
- [Mining](https://observatory.global/industries/mining/)
- [Industry](https://observatory.global/industries/industry/)
- [Research](https://observatory.global/industries/research/)
- [Education](https://observatory.global/industries/education/)
- [Health](https://observatory.global/industries/health/)
- [Insurance and finance](https://observatory.global/industries/insurance/)
- [Events](https://observatory.global/industries/events/)

Products

- [Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/)
- [Station Builder](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/)
- [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/)
- [Data products](https://observatory.global/data-products/)
- [APIs and SDKs](https://observatory.global/protocol/developers/)
- [Edge runtime and fleet](https://observatory.global/software/)
- [Hardware catalogue](https://observatory.global/hardware/)
- [Reference designs](https://observatory.global/protocol/reference-designs/)

Resources

- [Learn](https://observatory.global/learn/)
- [Stories](https://observatory.global/stories/)
- [Presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/)
- [Environments](https://observatory.global/environments/)
- [Network scenes](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/)
- [Observatories atlas](https://observatory.global/observatories/)
- [Earth and maps](https://observatory.global/earth/)
- [Technologies](https://observatory.global/technologies/)
- [Countries](https://observatory.global/countries/)
- [Spectrum](https://observatory.global/spectrum/)
- [Observatory Protocol](https://observatory.global/protocol/)
- [Specification](https://observatory.global/protocol/specification/)
- [Conformance](https://observatory.global/protocol/conformance/)
- [Open source](https://observatory.global/open/)
- [Data credits](https://observatory.global/credits/)

Company

- [About](https://observatory.global/about/)
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