--- title: "Evidence: Test and qualification | Nexus Observatory" description: "Evidence, inside Test and qualification: digital evidence handling, product security evaluation, records management, evidence chain of custody and more." url: https://observatory.global/qualification/evidence/ publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc. updated: 2026-11-07 --- Evidence: every test result filed with its raw data, method and signature. The loop, step by step: 1. A rack of results and a signing vault. 2. Sensor, link, edge and console stand ready. 3. A test result lands in the evidence store. 4. Each reading is stamped with time and place. 5. The vault seals it with a time stamp. 6. The sealed record is copied to the archive. 7. Relays carry the packets without reading them. 8. Signatures are checked before any model runs. 9. A hash chain links it to every earlier record. 10. The edge releases confirmed results only. 11. An auditor opens the record years later. 12. The console shows the evidence with the alert. 13. The hash still matches and the claim stands. 14. Instruments confirm the response took effect. 15. Record, proof and action are archived together. 16. Everything settles back to idle. 01 / 16 A rack of results and a signing vault [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) / [Test and qualification](https://observatory.global/qualification/) / **Evidence** # Every result, signed and kept. Evidence, inside Test and qualification: digital evidence handling, product security evaluation, records management, evidence chain of custody and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from ISO/IEC 27037 to ISO/IEC 15408 (Common Criteria), and runs on the open Observatory Protocol. [Plan with us](https://observatory.global/contact/) Architecture [The protocol](https://observatory.global/protocol/specification/) **Technologies**: 5 **At the frontier**: 0 **Protocol functions**: 3 of 12 **Industries served**: 4 At a glance ## Digital evidence handling Identification, collection and preservation of evidence after an incident. In evidence, part of Test and qualification, the monitoring, incident response and governance layer holds digital evidence handling, drawn against ISO/IEC 27037 and used beside evidence chain of custody on the same sites. The problem ### Every result, signed and kept Datasheets promise performance in conditions nobody's site will see. Buyers, auditors and regulators need results they can check, from tests they can repeat. Without independent, repeatable tests, every comparison between suppliers is a comparison between marketing documents; qualification replaces claims with measured results, published either way. Key facts **Specification**: ISO/IEC 27037 **Specification**: ISO/IEC 27037 · W3C PROV-O **Specification**: WMO-No. 1192 (instrument and maintenance categories) **Specification**: ISO/IEC 15408 (Common Criteria) **Specification**: ISO 15489-1:2016 · ISO 9001:2015 (documented information) Components - Rugged field tablet on a mast bracket - Automatic weather station (AWS) to WMO siting practice - Particulate monitoring station and sensor node - Compact X-band weather radar / ISAC sensing node on a lattice tower top - Street small-cell pole with an air-quality node - "AI tower in a box" - Hardware security module, 1U, in an edge rack - Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment Interfaces **Radio**: Wi-Fi · LTE / 5G Where it works - Evidence chain of custody - Product security evaluation In the story below 1. The system, part by part 2. Assembly 3. Installation 4. Deployment 5. Connections 6. Operation 7. Failure and recovery 8. Scale and federation 9. What you get Scenes · 13 Next steps [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/qualification/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Test and qualification](https://observatory.global/qualification/) [Talk to sales](https://observatory.global/contact/sales-enquiry/) 1. Test and qualification · Evidence Every result, signed and kept Datasheets promise performance in conditions nobody's site will see. Buyers, auditors and regulators need results they can check, from tests they can repeat. Without independent, repeatable tests, every comparison between suppliers is a comparison between marketing documents; qualification replaces claims with measured results, published either way. 2. What it does Digital evidence handling Identification, collection and preservation of evidence after an incident. In evidence, part of Test and qualification, the monitoring, incident response and governance layer holds digital evidence handling, drawn against ISO/IEC 27037 and used beside evidence chain of custody on the same sites. SpecificationISO/IEC 27037 3. Health, safety and evidence records Evidence chain of custody Recording who handled field data, samples and devices and when. In evidence, part of Test and qualification, the health, safety and evidence records layer holds evidence chain of custody, drawn against ISO/IEC 27037 and W3C PROV-O. We build it into every site for evidence against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record. SpecificationISO/IEC 27037 · W3C PROV-O 4. Calibration Instrument lifecycle records Install, swap, calibration and fault history for each serial number. In evidence, part of Test and qualification, the calibration, metadata and quality control layer holds instrument lifecycle records, drawn against WMO-No. We build it into every site for evidence against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record. SpecificationWMO-No. 1192 (instrument and maintenance categories) 5. Monitoring Product security evaluation Independent evaluation of security functions against protection profiles. In evidence, part of Test and qualification, the monitoring, incident response and governance layer holds product security evaluation, drawn against ISO/IEC 15408. We build it into every site for evidence against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record. SpecificationISO/IEC 15408 (Common Criteria) 6. Time and place When and where, on every record Every record made for evidence carries its time, from a clock disciplined by satellite time or a PTP grandmaster, with the position and siting record of the station that made it. When time or position degrades, the record for evidence says so, and every user downstream sees the same warning. 7. Health, safety and evidence records Records management Authentic, reliable and retrievable records for every site and asset. In evidence, part of Test and qualification, the health, safety and evidence records layer holds records management, drawn against ISO 15489-1:2016 and ISO 9001:2015. We build it into every site for evidence against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record. SpecificationISO 15489-1:2016 · ISO 9001:2015 (documented information) 8. Trust Proved before it is trusted A node joins a network for evidence only after its hardware root of trust answers an attestation challenge. Its keys stay in secure hardware, its software arrives signed and every record it makes for evidence carries a signature, so anyone downstream can check where a value came from. 9. Evidence Traced to its specifications We trace each part of evidence to its specification: ISO/IEC 27037, ISO 15489-1:2016 and ISO 9001:2015. We keep the versions, configurations and test results of evidence as signed records, so a buyer or an auditor can check what was delivered against what was specified. StandardsISO/IEC 27037 · ISO 15489-1:2016 · ISO 9001:2015 · WMO-No. 1192 10. Updates Updates in rings, with rollback Software and configuration reach a fleet for evidence in rings: one canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave, and each node for evidence returns to its last good release without a site visit. 11. How it scales One base unit, repeated A network for evidence starts with one base node and the instruments it reads. A station adds power and radio, a site adds a relay and a fleet repeats the proven site, so capacity for evidence grows by adding units, never by replacing what works. 12. What you get Qualification and the works-with programme The conformance tool and test plans are open. Device and software qualification, the works-with programme and field trial management are contracted. Works-with testing gives makers a recognised way to show their products join any grid built on the specification, with results published either way. [Talk to sales](https://observatory.global/contact/sales-enquiry/) [Partner with us](https://observatory.global/contact/partner/) 13. Next step Evidence, planned with you Tell us the sites, the systems evidence must work with and the outcome you need, with a map or a list of addresses if you have one. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for evidence, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/qualification/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Test and qualification](https://observatory.global/qualification/) More presentations ## See it from every side. Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before. [All presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/) ### In depth [Use case **Utility grid-edge private LTE and wildfire weather**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/utility-grid-edge/) [Use case **Northern civil observatory**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/northern-civil/) [ISIC section · ISIC C **Manufacturing**](https://observatory.global/industries/c-manufacturing/) [ISIC section · ISIC B **Mining and quarrying**](https://observatory.global/industries/b-mining-and-quarrying/) ### Explainers [Explainer · Scientific **Scientific, explained**](https://observatory.global/industries/research/explainer/) [Explainer · Industrial **Industrial** Blast vibration at the pit, fire weather at the grid edge, methane at the fenceline and tailings movement from GNSS.](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/explainer/) [Platform **Test and qualification** Claims are easy; evidence is rare](https://observatory.global/qualification/) [Platform **Connectivity** Public networks were not built for this site](https://observatory.global/connectivity/) ### Stories [Story · Orbit **Orbits as infrastructure** Low orbits are fast and crowded, high orbits slow and spacious. Every choice of altitude is a trade between delay, footprint and how long the satellite…](https://observatory.global/stories/orbit/) [Story · Overview **What changes by 2030** Six shifts will reshape how the Earth is observed before the decade ends: networks that sense, models that forecast, foundation models that read imagery,…](https://observatory.global/stories/horizon-2030/) [Story · Timing and PNT **Time as infrastructure** A 5G cell must hold its phase within 3 µs of its neighbours, ±1.5 µs of a common reference; a synchrophasor’s one per cent vector error leaves room for only…](https://observatory.global/stories/timing-pnt/) ### Places and networks [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Orbit view** Ground tracks of a sun-synchronous imager and three shells of a broadband constellation, computed from their orbits over a rotating Earth.](https://observatory.global/environments/orbit-view/) [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Ground station** An 11 m class antenna and its companions on a fenced pad, with edge compute that turns each pass into catalogued products before the next one.](https://observatory.global/environments/ground-station/) [Network scene · NTN · Satellite **Satellite direct to device in a mountain valley** Where the valley cell cannot reach, phones on the pass road connect straight to a low-orbit satellite, which relays through its feeder link to a gateway.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/ntn-d2d/) [Network scene · Private 5G · Mining **Private 5G in an open-pit mine** A private network for haul trucks, drills and slope radar: a mast on the rim, a cell in the pit, the core at the plant, and coverage computed over the benches themselves.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/private5g-mine/) ### Heritage observatories [Heritage observatory · Geostationary orbit over the Americas · 1975 **GOES** Since 1975 a succession of NOAA satellites has hovered 35,786 kilometres above the equator, watching the same hemisphere without a break.](https://observatory.global/observatories/goes-satellites/) [Heritage observatory · about 450 km · 2002 **GRACE** Two satellites chasing each other 220 kilometres apart, measuring their separation to a fraction of the width of a hair, so as to weigh the ice sheets, aquifers and oceans from…](https://observatory.global/observatories/grace-gravity/) ### Interactive tools [Interactive tool · Plan a site **Field Deployment Studio** Terrain, devices, coverage, viewshed, power and the best spot for a station, then a deployment request with the plan attached.](https://observatory.global/studio/) **01** What it is ## Monitoring, incident response and governance. How every node proves what it is and what it runs, how links and keys are protected, how software is traced to its source, how personal data is minimised, and how incidents are found and handled. Everything that happens on the ground across a site's life: survey, permits, design packs, logistics, installation, acceptance, training, operations, maintenance, upgrades, decommission and recycling, done safely and recorded as evidence. Instruments placed in the air, water, ground and spectrum, from weather stations to seismometers, radars and cameras, with the calibration, metadata and quality control that make their readings evidence. Each technology below carries what it is, what we do with it, and the standard it is drawn against. Security, identity and trust ### Digital evidence handling Identification, collection and preservation of evidence after an incident. We operate. ISO/IEC 27037 Security, identity and trust ### Product security evaluation Independent evaluation of security functions against protection profiles. We design. ISO/IEC 15408 (Common Criteria) Field operations and lifecycle ### Records management Authentic, reliable and retrievable records for every site and asset. We design, operate and maintain. ISO 15489-1:2016 · ISO 9001:2015 (documented information) Field operations and lifecycle ### Evidence chain of custody Recording who handled field data, samples and devices and when. We design, operate and maintain. ISO/IEC 27037 · W3C PROV-O In situ sensors and instruments ### Instrument lifecycle records Install, swap, calibration and fault history for each serial number. We deploy, operate and maintain. WMO-No. 1192 (instrument and maintenance categories) **02** Architecture ## Where it sits, and what it speaks. Evidence draws on the spectrum below; the highlighted layers carry this area, and the protocol functions it speaks are marked. Meteorology (WMO No. 8 classes) 10 Air quality and atmospheric composition 7 Hydrology and water 7 Ocean and coastal 7 Seismic, geodetic, geomagnetic and radiation 8 RF, acoustics, cameras and radar 9 Calibration, metadata and quality control 7 Frontier and research 6 Macro, small cells, DAS and repeaters 9 Massive MIMO and beamforming 7 NR bands, duplexing and synchronisation 9 NR features: RedCap, positioning, sidelink and verticals 9 Private networks and RAN sharing 7 Wi-Fi coexistence and convergence 8 6G and integrated sensing and communication 7 RAN planning, optimisation and assurance 6 01**Join** Identity, attestation quote, signed policy. 02**Admit** Admitted for a stated scope, nothing wider. 03**Describe** What, where, how and by whom, with calibration. 04**Time** One clock across the grid, with its error bound. 05**Observe** Every value with quality and provenance. 06**Qualify** Tested against the specification, state on record. 07**Federate** Signed exchange across grids and trust domains. 08**Orchestrate** Software and configuration by signed plan. 09**Correct** A correction marks what depends on it and publishes a new version. 10**Exchange** Products reach people and applications through versioned interfaces. 11**Prove** Signed proof receipts that an independent verifier can check. 12**Exit and decommission** An open exit path, and a record that closes. **03** On the grid ## Every site joins one observing grid. The open networks on the grid today, over real relief and the geodesic cells we count them into. A site built here enrols into the same grid. ## The observing grid 1. Open instruments on the observing grid. **04** In the field ## Where this runs, sector by sector. Deployment scenarios from the sector research that rely on evidence. [Agriculture Smallholder and parametric-insurance station networks Station density and tamper evidence for index insurance.](https://observatory.global/sectors/agriculture/) [Cities Hybrid air-quality network Reference analysers plus calibrated low-cost nodes; low-cost sensors alone do not meet regulatory requirements.](https://observatory.global/sectors/cities/) [Energy Bankable solar and wind measurement campaigns Accepted standards, traceable calibration and transparent data handling.](https://observatory.global/sectors/energy/) **05** Open and enterprise ## Open by default. Enterprise by contract. The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract. Open, on the main site - Conformance tool - Test plans Enterprise, on this site - Device and software qualification - Works-with programme - Field trial management **06** The rest of the line ## Test and qualification, area by area. [Test and qualification Lab testing Environmental, RF, power and EMC, on the bench.](https://observatory.global/qualification/lab-testing/) [Test and qualification Field trials On a real site, against a written plan.](https://observatory.global/qualification/field-trials/) [Test and qualification Conformance Run the protocol suite, publish the result.](https://observatory.global/qualification/conformance/) [Test and qualification Interoperability events Many suppliers, one test plan.](https://observatory.global/qualification/interoperability-events/) ## Bring us the site. Survey, design, deployment and operation for evidence. The form names who receives your details. [Talk to us](https://observatory.global/contact/) [Ask for a quote](https://observatory.global/contact/sales-enquiry/) [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) **Test and qualification** . Tested against the specification. State on record. 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