--- title: "Interference detection | Nexus Observatory" description: "Interference detection, inside Positioning, navigation and timing: GNSS interference monitoring, spoofing detection, jammer location to support enforcement…" url: https://observatory.global/pnt/interference-detection/ publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc. updated: 2026-11-07 --- Interference detection: a jammer in a van located from three monitoring stations. The loop, step by step: 1. Three antennas ring a stretch of road. 2. The chain from source to console stands ready. 3. A vehicle carrying a jammer drives by. 4. Each antenna sees the noise at its own moment. 5. Time and place are fixed to every sample. 6. Arrival times reach the edge. 7. Relays carry the packets without reading them. 8. The edge verifies every signature first. 9. The edge triangulates the source on the road. 10. Only a confirmed result leaves the edge. 11. The enforcement desk receives the position. 12. The console shows the evidence with the alert. 13. The jammer’s track is followed to the stop. 14. Sensors check that the response worked. 15. The whole chain is archived for audit. 16. Everything settles back to idle. 01 / 16 Three antennas ring a stretch of road [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) / [Positioning, navigation and timing](https://observatory.global/pnt/) / **Interference detection** # Jamming and spoofing found, located and logged. Interference detection, inside Positioning, navigation and timing: GNSS interference monitoring, spoofing detection, jammer location to support enforcement, timing anomaly detection and more. Every item is traced to its specification, from ICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual) to ITU RR Art. 15, and runs on the open Observatory Protocol. [Plan with us](https://observatory.global/contact/) Architecture [The protocol](https://observatory.global/protocol/specification/) **Technologies**: 7 **At the frontier**: 0 **Protocol functions**: 3 of 12 **Industries served**: 6 At a glance ## GNSS interference monitoring Fixed sensors that detect and characterise GNSS interference near critical sites; detection and reporting only. In interference detection, part of Positioning, navigation and timing, the interference, jamming and spoofing detection layer holds GNSS interference monitoring, drawn against ICAO Doc 9849 and ITU RR Art. The problem ### Jamming and spoofing found, located and logged Positions drive autonomous trucks; timestamps order every event in a network. When a receiver is jammed or spoofed, both can be wrong while looking perfectly normal. Integrity has to be designed and measured, because a degraded signal rarely announces itself to the systems that depend on it. Key facts **Specification**: ICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual) · ITU RR Art. 15 **Specification**: DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework **Specification**: Radiocommunication Act (Canada) · ITU RR Appendix 10 **Specification**: ITU-T G.8273.2 · IETF RFC 7384 **Specification**: Galileo OSNMA SIS ICD · DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework Components - Compact X-band weather radar / ISAC sensing node on a lattice tower top - Robotic total station in a monitoring shelter - Slope stability radar on a trailer - Haul truck with onboard network and autonomy kit - Private LTE mast on a solar skid - "AI tower in a box" - PTP grandmaster clock with GNSS antenna - Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment Interfaces **Radio**: Ethernet **Time and position**: PTP (IEEE 1588) Where it works - Interference-resistant antennas - Timing anomaly detection In the story below 1. The system, part by part 2. Assembly 3. Installation 4. Deployment 5. Connections 6. Operation 7. Failure and recovery 8. Scale and federation 9. What you get Scenes · 13 Next steps [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/pnt/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Positioning, navigation and timing](https://observatory.global/pnt/) [Talk to sales](https://observatory.global/contact/sales-enquiry/) 1. Positioning, navigation and timing · Interference detection Jamming and spoofing found, located and logged Positions drive autonomous trucks; timestamps order every event in a network. When a receiver is jammed or spoofed, both can be wrong while looking perfectly normal. Integrity has to be designed and measured, because a degraded signal rarely announces itself to the systems that depend on it. 2. What it does GNSS interference monitoring Fixed sensors that detect and characterise GNSS interference near critical sites; detection and reporting only. In interference detection, part of Positioning, navigation and timing, the interference, jamming and spoofing detection layer holds GNSS interference monitoring, drawn against ICAO Doc 9849 and ITU RR Art. SpecificationICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual) · ITU RR Art. 15 3. Interference Interference-resistant antennas Multi-element and null-steering antennas that reduce the effect of interference on receivers. In interference detection, part of Positioning, navigation and timing, the interference, jamming and spoofing detection layer holds interference-resistant antennas, drawn against DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework. We build it into every site for interference detection against that standard, and keep its version and its test results on the site’s record. SpecificationDHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework 4. Interference Jammer location to support enforcement Locating jamming sources and passing evidence to the regulator, which holds enforcement authority. In interference detection, part of Positioning, navigation and timing, the interference, jamming and spoofing detection layer holds jammer location to support enforcement, drawn against Radiocommunication Act and ITU RR Appendix 10. SpecificationRadiocommunication Act (Canada) · ITU RR Appendix 10 5. Interference Timing anomaly detection Watching time error and source agreement so a bad reference is rejected before it spreads. In interference detection, part of Positioning, navigation and timing, the interference, jamming and spoofing detection layer holds timing anomaly detection, drawn against ITU-T G.8273.2 and IETF RFC 7384. SpecificationITU-T G.8273.2 · IETF RFC 7384 6. Interference Spoofing detection Signal-level checks, authentication and cross-checks with other sources that flag counterfeit GNSS signals. In interference detection, part of Positioning, navigation and timing, the interference, jamming and spoofing detection layer holds spoofing detection, drawn against Galileo OSNMA SIS ICD and DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework and used beside red line: no jamming or spoofing capability on the same sites. SpecificationGalileo OSNMA SIS ICD · DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework 7. Trust Proved before it is trusted A node joins a network for interference detection only after its hardware root of trust answers an attestation challenge. Its keys stay in secure hardware, its software arrives signed and every record it makes for interference detection carries a signature, so anyone downstream can check where a value came from. 8. Evidence Traced to its specifications We trace each part of interference detection to its specification: ICAO Doc 9849, ITU RR Art. 15 and Galileo OSNMA SIS ICD. We keep the versions, configurations and test results of interference detection as signed records, so a buyer or an auditor can check what was delivered against what was specified. StandardsICAO Doc 9849 · ITU RR Art. 15 · Galileo OSNMA SIS ICD · DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework 9. Operations Every node watched, every incident closed The operations console shows every node of a network for interference detection with its state, its plan and its evidence. An alert arrives with its data and a runbook, acknowledging it opens a work order, and an incident for interference detection closes only when the operator records the cause and verifies the fix. 10. Failure and recovery When a node fails, the fleet knows first When a node for interference detection goes silent or a sensor drifts, the node buffers its data and fails over to a second link where the site has one. The alert carries the evidence a responder needs, and the record for interference detection loses nothing and counts nothing twice. 11. Updates Updates in rings, with rollback Software and configuration reach a fleet for interference detection in rings: one canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave, and each node for interference detection returns to its last good release without a site visit. 12. What you get Timing and positioning integrity PTP grandmasters with GNSS holdover, interference detection and timing monitoring for networks and instruments. For interference detection, it goes to carriers, utilities, financial infrastructure and observatories as hardware and software or a managed service, sized to the sites they run. [Talk to sales](https://observatory.global/contact/sales-enquiry/) 13. Next step Interference detection, planned with you Tell us the sites, the systems interference detection must work with and the outcome you need, with a map or a list of addresses if you have one. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for interference detection, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/pnt/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Positioning, navigation and timing](https://observatory.global/pnt/) More presentations ## See it from every side. Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before. [All presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/) ### In depth [Use case **Highway corridor coverage and safety sensing**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/highway-corridor/) [Use case **Avalanche detection site**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/avalanche-detection/) [Use case **Wildfire camera and fire-weather node**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/) [Use case **Utility grid-edge private LTE and wildfire weather**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/utility-grid-edge/) ### Explainers [Explainer · Communities and rural **Communities and rural** Community cellular coverage on real terrain, fixed-wireless Fresnel clearance, corridors, a remote microgrid sized from its load and interim public-safety broadband.](https://observatory.global/industries/communities/explainer/) [Explainer · Environment and climate **Environment and climate — Sectors** Methane fencelines, acoustic biodiversity grids, flux towers, river sondes and smoke networks: an interactive explainer with the method behind every number.](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/explainer/) [Platform **Positioning, navigation and timing** A wrong timestamp is a wrong answer](https://observatory.global/pnt/) [Platform **Connectivity** Public networks were not built for this site](https://observatory.global/connectivity/) ### Stories [Story · Timing and PNT **Time as infrastructure** A 5G cell must hold its phase within 3 µs of its neighbours, ±1.5 µs of a common reference; a synchrophasor’s one per cent vector error leaves room for only…](https://observatory.global/stories/timing-pnt/) [Story · 6G and sensing **Networks that sense** The framework for 6G names integrated sensing and communication as one of its usage scenarios: the same radio that carries data also measures range,…](https://observatory.global/stories/sensing-networks-6g/) [Story · Mountains and avalanche terrain **Snowpack, slope and signal** Avalanche forecasting reasons about the likelihood and size of avalanches on given terrain. The observations behind it come from a few stations in hard…](https://observatory.global/stories/mountain-avalanche/) ### Places and networks [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Orbit view** Ground tracks of a sun-synchronous imager and three shells of a broadband constellation, computed from their orbits over a rotating Earth.](https://observatory.global/environments/orbit-view/) [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Arctic station** A self-powered station on the ice: a microgrid, a low-orbit satellite terminal, a weather station, a GNSS monument and an edge node that holds data through the polar night.](https://observatory.global/environments/arctic-station/) [Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Mountain valley site** A private 5G tower, an automatic weather station, a compact radar and a seismic vault on real alpine terrain, joined to an edge data centre that admits, times and publishes every…](https://observatory.global/environments/mountain-valley/) [Network scene · NTN · Satellite **Satellite direct to device in a mountain valley** Where the valley cell cannot reach, phones on the pass road connect straight to a low-orbit satellite, which relays through its feeder link to a gateway.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/ntn-d2d/) [Network scene · Private 5G · Port **Private 5G at a container port** Small cells on the yard lighting masts and a sector site on the operations building serve remote-controlled cranes and trucks among steel container stacks.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/private5g-port/) ### Heritage observatories [Heritage observatory · United States · 1885 **Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory** Abbott Lawrence Rotch built a weather observatory on a hill south of Boston at his own expense and began observations on 1 February 1885.](https://observatory.global/observatories/blue-hill-observatory/) [Heritage observatory · Global network of about 150 stations; USGS and EarthScope (formerly IRIS) partnership · 1984 **Global Seismographic Network** About 150 digital broadband seismic stations in some 80 countries, sending data to open archives within minutes.](https://observatory.global/observatories/iris-gsn/) ### Interactive tools [Interactive tool · Configure a station **Station Builder** Configure a station part by part in 3D, check the rules as you go and request a quote for the assembly.](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/) **01** What it is ## Interference, jamming and spoofing detection. The shared foundations every network and sensor depends on: how spectrum is licensed, shared and monitored, GNSS positioning and its corrections, packet timing with PTP and SyncE, grandmasters and holdover, resilient PNT alternatives, and the detection of interference, jamming and spoofing. Each technology below carries what it is, what we do with it, and the standard it is drawn against. Spectrum, timing and PNT ### GNSS interference monitoring Fixed sensors that detect and characterise GNSS interference near critical sites; detection and reporting only. We design, deploy and operate. ICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual) · ITU RR Art. 15 Spectrum, timing and PNT ### Spoofing detection Signal-level checks, authentication and cross-checks with other sources that flag counterfeit GNSS signals. We design, integrate and operate. Galileo OSNMA SIS ICD · DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework Spectrum, timing and PNT ### Jammer location to support enforcement Locating jamming sources and passing evidence to the regulator, which holds enforcement authority. We operate and support. Radiocommunication Act (Canada) · ITU RR Appendix 10 Spectrum, timing and PNT ### Timing anomaly detection Watching time error and source agreement so a bad reference is rejected before it spreads. We design and operate. ITU-T G.8273.2 · IETF RFC 7384 Spectrum, timing and PNT ### Interference-resistant antennas Multi-element and null-steering antennas that reduce the effect of interference on receivers. We integrate. DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework Spectrum, timing and PNT ### Aviation and maritime GNSS disruption awareness Sharing detected disruption with aviation and marine users through the proper authorities. We operate and support. ICAO Doc 9849 (GNSS Manual) Spectrum, timing and PNT ### Red line: no jamming or spoofing capability This work is limited to detection, location and resilience; no transmitter that denies or falsifies PNT is designed or deployed. We design. Radiocommunication Act (Canada) · ITU RR Art. 15 **02** Architecture ## Where it sits, and what it speaks. Interference detection draws on the spectrum below; the highlighted layers carry this area, and the protocol functions it speaks are marked. Spectrum regimes and access 9 Spectrum monitoring and interference management 8 GNSS positioning and augmentation 9 Packet timing: PTP, SyncE and NTP 10 Grandmasters, reference clocks and holdover 7 Resilient PNT 9 Interference, jamming and spoofing detection 7 01**Join** Identity, attestation quote, signed policy. 02**Admit** Admitted for a stated scope, nothing wider. 03**Describe** What, where, how and by whom, with calibration. 04**Time** One clock across the grid, with its error bound. 05**Observe** Every value with quality and provenance. 06**Qualify** Tested against the specification, state on record. 07**Federate** Signed exchange across grids and trust domains. 08**Orchestrate** Software and configuration by signed plan. 09**Correct** A correction marks what depends on it and publishes a new version. 10**Exchange** Products reach people and applications through versioned interfaces. 11**Prove** Signed proof receipts that an independent verifier can check. 12**Exit and decommission** An open exit path, and a record that closes. **03** On the grid ## Every site joins one observing grid. The open networks on the grid today, over real relief and the geodesic cells we count them into, filtered to the solid earth domain this area serves. A site built here enrols into the same grid. ## The observing grid 1. Open solid earth instruments on the observing grid. **04** In the field ## Where this runs, sector by sector. Deployment scenarios from the sector research that rely on interference detection. [Industrial Continuous methane monitoring Fenceline sensors and optical gas imaging under regulatory leak-detection cadences.](https://observatory.global/sectors/industrial/) [Sports and events Ski-resort and mountain-road avalanche detection Radar, infrasound and geophones with a snow station feeding the control room.](https://observatory.global/sectors/sports-events/) [Transport Maritime and port met-ocean with vessel tracking Wave buoys and a receiver for vessel position broadcasts.](https://observatory.global/sectors/transport/) **05** Open and enterprise ## Open by default. Enterprise by contract. The open counterpart lives on the main site for anyone to read and run. The enterprise service is designed, deployed and operated with you, under contract. Open, on the main site - Timing budget method - Reference station metadata rules Enterprise, on this site - Timing and positioning integrity - Reference network design and operation - Holdover engineering **06** The rest of the line ## Positioning, navigation and timing, area by area. [Positioning, navigation and timing GNSS reference networks Continuously operating stations, tied to the geodetic frame.](https://observatory.global/pnt/gnss-reference-networks/) [Positioning, navigation and timing Time distribution PTP, SyncE and NTP, engineered to the budget.](https://observatory.global/pnt/time-distribution/) [Positioning, navigation and timing Grandmasters and holdover Reference clocks that keep time when the sky goes dark.](https://observatory.global/pnt/grandmasters-and-holdover/) [Positioning, navigation and timing Resilient PNT Several sources, cross-checked, one trusted solution.](https://observatory.global/pnt/resilient-pnt/) ## Bring us the site. Survey, design, deployment and operation for interference detection. The form names who receives your details. 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