---
title: "Technologies: Design and integration | Nexus Observatory"
description: "Technologies of the Design and integration platform, layer by layer: Core and transport networks, Power, energy and ruggedisation and Field operations…"
url: https://observatory.global/integration/technologies/
publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc.
updated: 2026-11-07
---

[Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/)

/

[Design and integration](https://observatory.global/integration/)

/

**Technologies** 

# The technologies behind design and integration.

Every technology this platform builds with, layer by layer, from the open taxonomy. Marked in red: what is moving now, each traced to its source.

[Plan with us](https://observatory.global/integration/contact/deployment/)

[Architecture](https://observatory.global/integration/architecture/)

Areas · **5** Technologies · **190** Industries · **4** 

Specification

## Take the station apart.

Every part is a class we source, wire and test before the station ships. Select a part in the drawing or a row of the sheet and the other follows. Switch on Dimensions to measure it.

Station assembly

Select a part to read what it does. Pull the station apart to see how it fits together.

[Configure a station](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/)

At a glance

## Core and transport networks

The networks behind the radio: the 5G core and its functions, slicing and edge breakout, IMS voice and emergency calling, fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul over microwave, E-band, fibre, free-space optics and satellite, IP/MPLS and segment routing, IPv6, automation and intent, and the security that holds it together.

The problem

### One accountable integrator, site to grid

The technologies of Design and integration start with core and transport networks, power, energy and ruggedisation and field operations and lifecycle. System design against the reference architecture, engineering packs a contractor can build from, multi-vendor integration on typed interfaces, and programme delivery across many sites with one plan, one schedule and one evidence record.

Components

- Pole-mounted edge gateway node
- Overhead line sensor on a distribution span
- Automatic weather station (AWS) to WMO siting practice
- Distribution pole transformer and meter cabinet
- Private LTE mast on a solar skid
- "AI tower in a box"
- Data hall row pair with cold-aisle containment
- Operations console with a video wall

Interfaces

**Instruments**: SDI-12 · RS-485 / Modbus RTU · 4–20 mA
**Radio**: Ethernet · LTE-M / NB-IoT · LoRaWAN
**Time and position**: GNSS 1PPS
**Security**: TPM 2.0
**Publishing**: MQTT

In the story below

1. The system, part by part
2. Assembly
3. Installation
4. Deployment
5. Connections
6. Operation
7. Failure and recovery
8. Scale and federation
9. What you get

Scenes · 13

Next steps

[Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/integration/contact/deployment/)

[Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/)

[See Design and integration](https://observatory.global/integration/)

1. Design and integration · Technologies One accountable integrator, site to grid The technologies of Design and integration start with core and transport networks, power, energy and ruggedisation and field operations and lifecycle. System design against the reference architecture, engineering packs a contractor can build from, multi-vendor integration on typed interfaces, and programme delivery across many sites with one plan, one schedule and one evidence record.
2. Technology · Core and transport networks Core and transport networks The networks behind the radio: the 5G core and its functions, slicing and edge breakout, IMS voice and emergency calling, fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul over microwave, E-band, fibre, free-space optics and satellite, IP/MPLS and segment routing, IPv6, automation and intent, and the security that holds it together.
3. Technology · Field operations and lifecycle Field operations and lifecycle Everything that happens on the ground across a site's life: survey, permits, design packs, logistics, installation, acceptance, training, operations, maintenance, upgrades, decommission and recycling, done safely and recorded as evidence. In Design and integration, field operations and lifecycle covers survey and site acquisition, permitting and approvals, design packs and logistics and installation, commissioning and acceptance.
4. Time and place When and where, on every record Every record made for Design and integration carries its time, from a clock disciplined by satellite time or a PTP grandmaster, with the position and siting record of the station that made it. When time or position degrades, the record for Design and integration says so, and every user downstream sees the same warning.
5. Technology · Power, energy and ruggedisation Power, energy and ruggedisation How a remote site is powered, stored, distributed, cooled, sealed, tested, grounded, held up and kept safe, from a solar-powered sensor to a hybrid microgrid on a guyed mast. In Design and integration, power, energy and ruggedisation covers generation, storage, microgrids and distribution and energy management and monitoring.
6. Trust Proved before it is trusted A node joins a network for Design and integration only after its hardware root of trust answers an attestation challenge. Its keys stay in secure hardware, its software arrives signed and every record it makes for Design and integration carries a signature, so anyone downstream can check where a value came from.
7. Evidence Standards an auditor can check Metadata for Design and integration follows WIGOS and ISO 19115 practice, and observations are served through OGC SensorThings and exchanged through WIS 2.0. We keep every release, calibration and admission for Design and integration as a signed record that an auditor can verify independently, against the standard it names.
8. Operations Every node watched, every incident closed The operations console shows every node of a network for Design and integration with its state, its plan and its evidence. An alert arrives with its data and a runbook, acknowledging it opens a work order, and an incident for Design and integration closes only when the operator records the cause and verifies the fix.
9. Failure and recovery When a node fails, the fleet knows first When a node for Design and integration goes silent or a sensor drifts, the node buffers its data and fails over to a second link where the site has one. The alert carries the evidence a responder needs, and the record for Design and integration loses nothing and counts nothing twice.
10. Field service One crew, from survey to repair One crew surveys, installs, commissions, calibrates and repairs the sites for Design and integration, working from each site’s own record. Each visit updates that record, so the next crew knows what is on a site for Design and integration, when it was last checked and why it changed, and plans spares from that history.
11. Updates Updates in rings, with rollback Software and configuration reach a fleet for Design and integration in rings: one canary site first, then a few, then all, each ring gated on health and data completeness. A failed gate stops the wave, and each node for Design and integration returns to its last good release without a site visit.
12. What you get Open where it can be, contracted where it must be The protocol, the methods and the open data behind Design and integration are free to use and build on. Nexus Observatory Inc. delivers sites, fleets, managed operations and data tiers for Design and integration under contract, priced per site and per fleet, with service levels written as numbers you can check.
13. Next step Design and integration, planned with you Tell us which technologies of Design and integration your sites must run and the standards your buyers hold you to. An engineer replies with a survey proposal, a design and a scope for Design and integration, and the plan grows from one site to the network you need. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/integration/contact/deployment/) [Open the Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) [See Design and integration](https://observatory.global/integration/)

More presentations

## See it from every side.

Each opens as a full-screen presentation: deeper pages on the same subject, explainers, stories, guided tours of the places, network scenes and the observatories that came before.

[All presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/)

### In depth

[ISIC section · ISIC Q **Human health and social work activities**](https://observatory.global/industries/q-human-health-and-social-work-activities/)

[Use case **GBON gap-filler station**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/gbon-gap-filler/)

[Use case **Utility grid-edge private LTE and wildfire weather**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/utility-grid-edge/)

[Use case **Street flood observatory**](https://observatory.global/use-cases/street-flood/)

### Explainers

[Explainer · Government and public safety **Government and public safety** Wildfire cameras on real terrain, GBON station density, street-flood alert thresholds, CAP alerting with the authority in the loop and the radio horizon of a deployable cell.](https://observatory.global/industries/public-safety/explainer/)

[Explainer · Scientific **Scientific, explained**](https://observatory.global/industries/research/explainer/)

[Platform **Design and integration** Many suppliers, nobody accountable](https://observatory.global/integration/)

[Platform **Connectivity** Public networks were not built for this site](https://observatory.global/connectivity/)

### Stories

[Story · Federation across agencies **Many agencies, one picture** No single agency observes everything it needs. Federation lets each keep its own systems and still share: common interfaces, common catalogues and common…](https://observatory.global/stories/federation/)

[Story · Resilient operations **When the links fail** Observing systems matter most on the days infrastructure fails. Designing for that day means local autonomy, stored power, store-and-forward delivery and…](https://observatory.global/stories/resilient-ops/)

[Story · End to end **An observation grid, end to end** An observation is not a reading. It is a reading with a place, a time, a calibration and a path that anyone can follow back. An observing grid is the…](https://observatory.global/stories/observation-grid/)

### Places and networks

[Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Mountain valley site** A private 5G tower, an automatic weather station, a compact radar and a seismic vault on real alpine terrain, joined to an edge data centre that admits, times and publishes every…](https://observatory.global/environments/mountain-valley/)

[Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Ground station** An 11 m class antenna and its companions on a fenced pad, with edge compute that turns each pass into catalogued products before the next one.](https://observatory.global/environments/ground-station/)

[Guided tour · Guided 3D tour **Transmission corridor** Lattice towers carry a line across open country; conductor sensors report temperature and sag, and the substation edge brings them into the grid operator’s systems.](https://observatory.global/environments/transmission-corridor/)

[Network scene · Private 5G · Mining **Private 5G in an open-pit mine** A private network for haul trucks, drills and slope radar: a mast on the rim, a cell in the pit, the core at the plant, and coverage computed over the benches themselves.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/private5g-mine/)

[Network scene · NTN · Satellite **Satellite direct to device in a mountain valley** Where the valley cell cannot reach, phones on the pass road connect straight to a low-orbit satellite, which relays through its feeder link to a gateway.](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/ntn-d2d/)

### Heritage observatories

[Heritage observatory · China · 132 **Zhang Heng's seismoscope** In 132 CE a court astronomer presented a bronze urn that, it was recorded, told the capital of an earthquake no one in Luoyang had felt. No original survives.](https://observatory.global/observatories/zhang-heng-seismoscope/)

[Heritage observatory · Global network of about 150 stations; USGS and EarthScope (formerly IRIS) partnership · 1984 **Global Seismographic Network** About 150 digital broadband seismic stations in some 80 countries, sending data to open archives within minutes.](https://observatory.global/observatories/iris-gsn/)

### Interactive tools

[Interactive tool · Plan a site **Field Deployment Studio** Terrain, devices, coverage, viewshed, power and the best spot for a station, then a deployment request with the plan attached.](https://observatory.global/studio/)

**01** The layered map

## Layer by layer, from the open taxonomy.

Each domain this platform draws on, with its layers and the technologies in each. Open a layer for what each technology does and the standard behind it.

### Core and transport networks

The networks behind the radio: the 5G core and its functions, slicing and edge breakout, IMS voice and emergency calling, fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul over microwave, E-band, fibre, free-space optics and satellite, IP/MPLS and segment routing, IPv6, automation and intent, and the security that holds it together.

[The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/)

### [5G core functions](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/5g-core-functions/)

Technologies · 10 · Frontier · 1

- Access and mobility management (AMF)
- Session management (SMF)
- User plane function (UPF) and N4
- Service-based architecture and NRF
- Policy control (PCF)
- Subscriber data and authentication (UDM, AUSF, UDR)
- Network exposure (NEF) and network APIs
- Location services (LMF)
- Roaming and interconnect security (SEPP)
- 6G core architecture studies

### [Network slicing, edge UPF and local breakout](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/network-slicing-edge-upf-and-local-breakout/)

Technologies · 8

- Slice selection and identifiers
- Slice management and orchestration
- Slice templates
- Transport network slicing
- Edge UPF, uplink classifier and branching point
- Local breakout and local area data networks
- Edge application enablement
- Slice and service assurance

### [IMS, voice and mission-critical services](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/ims-voice-and-mission-critical-services/)

Technologies · 6

- IMS core
- Voice over NR and voice over LTE
- Emergency calling and next-generation 9-1-1
- Mission-critical push-to-talk, video and data
- Messaging and SMS over 5G
- Voice and messaging over satellite

### [Fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/fronthaul-midhaul-and-backhaul/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 2

- Transport requirements for 5G xhaul
- Carrier Ethernet mobile backhaul
- Licensed microwave (6–42 GHz)
- E-band (71–76 and 81–86 GHz)
- D-band and W-band radio
- Free-space optics
- Satellite backhaul for RAN
- Aerial relays for backhaul

### [Fibre and optical transport](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/fibre-and-optical-transport/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1

- Single-mode fibre plant
- Passive optical networks
- DWDM and ROADM networks
- Optical transport network (OTN)
- Coherent pluggable optics
- High-speed Ethernet interfaces
- Outside plant for northern and remote builds
- Distributed fibre sensing

### [IP/MPLS, segment routing, SD-WAN and IPv6](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/ip-mpls-segment-routing-sd-wan-and-ipv6/)

Technologies · 8

- MPLS and VPN services
- Segment routing over MPLS
- SRv6
- Traffic engineering and path computation
- SD-WAN
- IPv6 and transition mechanisms
- Deterministic networking
- Routing security

### [Network automation and intent](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/network-automation-and-intent/)

Technologies · 7 · Frontier · 1

- Model-driven management
- Streaming telemetry and flow export
- Intent-based management
- Zero-touch service management
- Closed-loop assurance
- Autonomous network levels
- Network digital twins

### [Core security and resilience](https://observatory.global/technologies/core/core-security-and-resilience/)

Technologies · 5 · Frontier · 1

- 5G security architecture
- Security assurance of network products
- Zero trust architecture
- Restoration and geo-redundancy
- Post-quantum cryptography migration

### Power, energy and ruggedisation

How a remote site is powered, stored, distributed, cooled, sealed, tested, grounded, held up and kept safe, from a solar-powered sensor to a hybrid microgrid on a guyed mast.

[The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/)

### [Generation](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/generation/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 1

- Solar PV modules
- PV array design
- MPPT charge controllers and converters
- Stand-alone PV system sizing
- Small wind turbines
- Engine generator sets
- Fuel cells
- Thermoelectric generators
- Perovskite and tandem PV

### [Storage](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/storage/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 2

- LiFePO4 batteries
- Battery management systems
- Batteries for PV energy systems
- Lead-acid and nickel legacy storage
- Energy storage system safety
- Cold-climate battery operation
- Supercapacitors and hybrid storage
- Sodium-ion batteries
- Solid-state and next-generation cells

### [Microgrids and distribution](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/microgrids-and-distribution/)

Technologies · 9

- Hybrid microgrid planning
- Microgrid controllers
- Grid interconnection
- -48 V DC telecom power
- Higher-voltage DC distribution
- Power over Ethernet
- Single-pair Ethernet with power
- Uninterruptible power supplies
- Vehicle and mobile power

### [Energy management and monitoring](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/energy-management-and-monitoring/)

Technologies · 7 · Frontier · 1

- Site energy management
- DER communication protocols
- Remote power telemetry
- Energy metering
- Load shedding and graceful degradation
- Demand response
- Forecast-driven predictive energy management

### [Thermal design and ingress](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/thermal-design-and-ingress/)

Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1

- Environmental condition classes
- Thermal design and cooling
- Cold-climate heating
- Ingress protection (IP code)
- Impact protection (IK code)
- Enclosure types
- Corrosion and coatings
- Phase-change thermal buffering

### [Environmental and EMC testing](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/environmental-and-emc-testing/)

Technologies · 7

- Environmental test series
- MIL-STD-810H-type tailored testing
- Telecom outdoor equipment tests
- Electromagnetic compatibility
- Seismic qualification
- Transport and packaging tests
- Highly accelerated life testing

### [Lightning, grounding and structures](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/lightning-grounding-and-structures/)

Technologies · 8

- Lightning protection
- Surge protective devices
- Radio site lightning and bonding
- Grounding and earthing
- Antenna-supporting structures
- Masts in Eurocode jurisdictions
- Foundations and anchors
- Telescopic, trailer and rapid-deploy masts

### [Safety and transport](https://observatory.global/technologies/power/safety-and-transport/)

Technologies · 7

- Lithium battery transport testing
- Industrial lithium battery safety
- ICT and measurement equipment safety
- Hazardous locations
- Electrical installation codes
- Dangerous goods shipping
- Fuel storage

### Field operations and lifecycle

Everything that happens on the ground across a site's life: survey, permits, design packs, logistics, installation, acceptance, training, operations, maintenance, upgrades, decommission and recycling, done safely and recorded as evidence.

[The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/)

### [Survey and site acquisition](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/survey-and-site-acquisition/)

Technologies · 8

- Desktop study and siting screen
- RF survey and spectrum scan
- Site walk and engineering survey
- Instrument exposure survey
- Topographic and drone survey
- Geotechnical investigation
- Environmental and heritage screening
- Indigenous engagement

### [Permitting and approvals](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/permitting-and-approvals/)

Technologies · 7

- Antenna siting consultation
- RF exposure assessment
- Radio licences and equipment authorisation
- Aeronautical obstruction clearance
- Building and electrical permits
- Drone flight approvals
- Export and import controls

### [Design packs and logistics](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/design-packs-and-logistics/)

Technologies · 8

- Design packs
- Information management across the asset life
- Configuration management
- Factory acceptance testing
- Packaging and shipping
- Dangerous goods logistics
- Remote site logistics
- Temporary import and customs

### [Installation, commissioning and acceptance](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/installation-commissioning-and-acceptance/)

Technologies · 9

- Civil works and foundations
- Structured cabling and fibre
- Bonding and grounding installation
- PV and power commissioning
- RF commissioning
- Instrument and control commissioning
- Node enrolment and attestation at first boot
- Site and integration acceptance testing
- Sensor acceptance and intercomparison

### [Operations, NOC, support and training](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/operations-noc-support-and-training/)

Technologies · 8

- Service management
- Network operations centre
- Managed site operations
- Security operations
- Remote hands and field dispatch
- Training curricula
- Personnel competence schemes
- Instructions for use and handover

### [Maintenance, spares, refurbishment and upgrades](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/maintenance-spares-refurbishment-and-upgrades/)

Technologies · 10 · Frontier · 2

- Preventive maintenance
- Condition monitoring
- Predictive maintenance with machine learning
- Recalibration cycles
- Spares and logistic support
- Obsolescence management
- Asset management
- Refurbishment and reuse
- Field upgrades
- Remote inspection by drone and robot

### [Decommission and recycling](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/decommission-and-recycling/)

Technologies · 7 · Frontier · 1

- Decommission planning
- Electronic waste
- Battery end of life
- Transboundary waste movement
- Hazardous substances and material declarations
- Media sanitisation
- Digital product passports

### [Health, safety and evidence records](https://observatory.global/technologies/field/health-safety-and-evidence-records/)

Technologies · 9 · Frontier · 1

- Occupational health and safety management
- Tower and structure work
- Electrical safety
- RF safety for workers
- Remote and lone work
- Records management
- Evidence chain of custody
- Inspection records
- Signed photographic evidence

**02** Across the network

## The whole spectrum, on the main site.

[Main site Every technology domain All domains, layers and items, with their sources. Open →](https://observatory.global/technologies/)

[Main site The spectrum The technologies of observation on one map. Open →](https://observatory.global/spectrum/)

[Observatory Protocol Standards The open standards the protocol is composed from. Open →](https://observatory.global/protocol/standards/)

**03** On this site

## Where to go next.

[Design and integration Areas Every area, with its systems and standards. Open →](https://observatory.global/integration/areas/)

[Design and integration Architecture Layers, functions and evidence. Open →](https://observatory.global/integration/architecture/)

[Design and integration Industries The industry sites built on this platform. Open →](https://observatory.global/integration/industries/)

[Design and integration Resources Explainer, stories, specification and forms. Open →](https://observatory.global/integration/resources/)

## Bring us the site.

We bring the survey, the design and the crew. The form names who receives your details.

[Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/integration/contact/deployment/)

[Contact](https://observatory.global/integration/contact/)

[Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) **Design and integration** . One accountable integrator, site to grid. [Talk to us](https://observatory.global/contact/)

Design and integration

- [Overview](https://observatory.global/integration/)
- [Areas](https://observatory.global/integration/areas/)
- [Technologies](https://observatory.global/integration/technologies/)
- [Architecture](https://observatory.global/integration/architecture/)
- [Industries](https://observatory.global/integration/industries/)
- [Resources](https://observatory.global/integration/resources/)
- [Contact](https://observatory.global/integration/contact/)

Platforms

- [Protocol & Grid](https://observatory.global/grid-services/)
- [Software](https://observatory.global/software/)
- [Hardware & power](https://observatory.global/hardware/)
- [Sensors & instruments](https://observatory.global/sensors/)
- [Connectivity](https://observatory.global/connectivity/)
- [Edge compute & AI](https://observatory.global/edge-ai/)
- [Earth observation & GeoAI](https://observatory.global/earth-observation/)
- [Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/)
- [Positioning, navigation and timing](https://observatory.global/pnt/)
- [Security and trust](https://observatory.global/security-trust/)
- [Digital twins and simulation](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/)
- [Data & licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/)
- [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/)
- [Design and integration](https://observatory.global/integration/)
- [Test and qualification](https://observatory.global/qualification/)
- [Operations centre](https://observatory.global/operations/)
- [Training and enablement](https://observatory.global/training/)
- [Frontier labs](https://observatory.global/labs/)

Solutions

- [Early warning](https://observatory.global/use-cases/street-flood/)
- [Wildfire and fire weather](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/)
- [Environmental compliance](https://observatory.global/use-cases/methane-fenceline/)
- [Asset monitoring](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/)
- [Private networks](https://observatory.global/connectivity/private-5g/)
- [Remote power and sites](https://observatory.global/use-cases/remote-microgrid/)
- [Climate and resilience](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/)
- [Site twins](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/)
- [Data licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/)

Industries

- [Public safety](https://observatory.global/industries/public-safety/)
- [Government](https://observatory.global/industries/government/)
- [Cities](https://observatory.global/industries/cities/)
- [Civil resilience](https://observatory.global/industries/resilience/)
- [Communities](https://observatory.global/industries/communities/)
- [Humanitarian](https://observatory.global/industries/humanitarian/)
- [Climate](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/)
- [Water](https://observatory.global/industries/water/)
- [Nature](https://observatory.global/industries/nature/)
- [Oceans](https://observatory.global/industries/oceans/)
- [Agriculture](https://observatory.global/industries/agriculture/)
- [Energy](https://observatory.global/industries/energy/)
- [Telecom](https://observatory.global/industries/telecom/)
- [Transport](https://observatory.global/industries/transport/)
- [Infrastructure](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/)
- [Mining](https://observatory.global/industries/mining/)
- [Industry](https://observatory.global/industries/industry/)
- [Research](https://observatory.global/industries/research/)
- [Education](https://observatory.global/industries/education/)
- [Health](https://observatory.global/industries/health/)
- [Insurance and finance](https://observatory.global/industries/insurance/)
- [Events](https://observatory.global/industries/events/)

Products

- [Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/)
- [Station Builder](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/)
- [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/)
- [Data products](https://observatory.global/data-products/)
- [APIs and SDKs](https://observatory.global/protocol/developers/)
- [Edge runtime and fleet](https://observatory.global/software/)
- [Hardware catalogue](https://observatory.global/hardware/)
- [Reference designs](https://observatory.global/protocol/reference-designs/)

Resources

- [Learn](https://observatory.global/learn/)
- [Stories](https://observatory.global/stories/)
- [Presentations](https://observatory.global/presentations/)
- [Environments](https://observatory.global/environments/)
- [Network scenes](https://observatory.global/environments/networks/)
- [Observatories atlas](https://observatory.global/observatories/)
- [Earth and maps](https://observatory.global/earth/)
- [Technologies](https://observatory.global/technologies/)
- [Countries](https://observatory.global/countries/)
- [Spectrum](https://observatory.global/spectrum/)
- [Observatory Protocol](https://observatory.global/protocol/)
- [Specification](https://observatory.global/protocol/specification/)
- [Conformance](https://observatory.global/protocol/conformance/)
- [Open source](https://observatory.global/open/)
- [Data credits](https://observatory.global/credits/)

Company

- [About](https://observatory.global/about/)
- [Open governance](https://observatory.global/consortium/)
- [Security and trust](https://observatory.global/security/)
- [Careers](https://observatory.global/contact/careers/)
- [Press](https://observatory.global/contact/press/)
- [Contact sales](https://observatory.global/contact/)
- [Privacy requests](https://observatory.global/privacy-request/)

© 2026 Nexus Observatory Inc.

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