--- title: "Climate and atmosphere | Nexus Observatory" description: "Surface, upper-air and composition networks, greenhouse-gas and methane measurement, Earth observation of heat, fire and ice…" url: https://observatory.global/industries/climate/ publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc. updated: 2026-11-02 --- Climate: the atmosphere observed to the standard science needs: the site at a glance. The loop, step by step: 1. A valley site at first light. 2. The chain from source to console stands ready. 3. Cloud and wind sweep up the valley. 4. The station and the vault register it. 5. Time and place are fixed to every sample. 6. Signed packets hop over the radio link. 7. Relays carry the packets without reading them. 8. The edge verifies every signature first. 9. The edge model checks it against its limit. 10. Only a confirmed result leaves the edge. 11. The alert reaches the operator console. 12. The console shows the evidence with the alert. 13. The whole chain is archived for audit. 14. Everything settles back to idle. 01 / 14 A valley site at first light [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) / **Climate** # The atmosphere, observed to the standard science needs. Surface, upper-air and composition networks, greenhouse-gas and methane measurement, Earth observation of heat, fire and ice, and data products that carry calibration and provenance from the instrument to the model. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) [Use cases](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/use-cases/) [Open the explainer](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/explainer/) **01** ## In the field [Guided 3D tour Mountain valley siteA private 5G tower, an automatic weather station, a compact radar and a seismic vault on real alpine terrain, joined to an edge data centre that admits, times and publishes every observation.](https://observatory.global/environments/mountain-valley/) [Guided 3D tour River basinWater-level gauges along a river valley floor, a weather station and an edge node: the red isoline is the ground that lies within a few metres of the lowest point of the reach.](https://observatory.global/environments/river-basin/) [Guided 3D tour City blockSmall cells on street poles, air-quality nodes and heat sensors across four blocks, joined to an edge node that publishes open city data.](https://observatory.global/environments/city-block/) [Guided 3D tour FarmSoil probes in the fields, a LoRaWAN gateway on a mast, a weather station and a solar microgrid powering the edge.](https://observatory.global/environments/farm/) [Guided 3D tour Offshore and oceanA moored met-ocean buoy and a profiling float report through a satellite pass overhead; the red link is the uplink.](https://observatory.global/environments/offshore-ocean/) [Guided 3D tour Arctic stationA self-powered station on the ice: a microgrid, a low-orbit satellite terminal, a weather station, a GNSS monument and an edge node that holds data through the polar night.](https://observatory.global/environments/arctic-station/) [Guided 3D tour Ground stationAn 11 m class antenna and its companions on a fenced pad, with edge compute that turns each pass into catalogued products before the next one.](https://observatory.global/environments/ground-station/) [Guided 3D tour Orbit viewGround tracks of a sun-synchronous imager and three shells of a broadband constellation, computed from their orbits over a rotating Earth.](https://observatory.global/environments/orbit-view/) **02** Stories ## How it works, in place. Interactive stories with figures drawn to scale and every claim referenced. [All stories](https://observatory.global/stories/) [Place: Dense city block **The instrumented street** Four city blocks, read as an observing system: small cells on street poles, air-quality and heat sensors beside them, and an edge node that corrects, times…](https://observatory.global/stories/city-block/) [Place: Suburb **The suburb as a power station** Rooftop solar, home batteries and electric vehicles turn a residential street into thousands of small generators. Observing them is how a distribution grid…](https://observatory.global/stories/suburb-grid-edge/) [Place: Remote northern community **Observation the community governs** In a remote northern community, an observing station is also a question of who owns the data, who decides how it is used and who benefits. Principles for…](https://observatory.global/stories/indigenous-north/) **03** Specialized fields ## Climate, field by field. Climate observing has its own specialised fields: greenhouse gases measured to global scales, ecosystem fluxes from towers above the canopy, reference stations that keep century-long records, and the glaciers and snow that store mountain water. Each field below has its own standards, stack, radio, power and crew work, from the first order to the running operation. [Specialized field Greenhouse gas monitoringTall-tower and urban stations that measure carbon dioxide and methane to the global calibration scales, so emissions estimates and policies can be checked against the atmosphere.The full field →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/greenhouse-gases/) [Specialized field Ecosystem carbon and water fluxesEddy covariance towers that measure how much carbon, water and energy forests, crops and wetlands exchange with the air, for climate science, carbon accounting and land management.The full field →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/ecosystem-fluxes/) [Specialized field Climate reference stationsLong-term surface stations built to reference standards, with redundant sensors and complete metadata, so the climate record they keep is trusted for decades.The full field →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/climate-reference/) [Specialized field Glaciers, snow and mountain waterGlacier, snow and runoff stations in high mountains, measuring the ice and snow that store water for the valleys below and change fastest in a warming climate.The full field →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/mountain-cryosphere/) **04** The problem ## What this industry has to measure. Measurement, reporting and verification for methane, carbon, biodiversity and water quality. **01** Temperature, humidity and precipitation **02** Greenhouse gases and methane **03** Aerosols and air composition **04** Heat, fire and ice from orbit **05** Long, homogeneous records **05** Outcomes and proof ## What you get, and how you can check it. Every system we deliver comes with the evidence a buyer, an auditor or a regulator asks for. What you can measure - **Temperature, humidity and precipitation** - **Greenhouse gases and methane** - **Aerosols and air composition** - **Heat, fire and ice from orbit** - **Long, homogeneous records** Proof buyers ask for - Regulator acceptance - Third-party verification - Uncertainty quantification - Reconciliation at the highest reporting level - Open methods - Reproducible methods - Metadata completeness - Published test results **06** Use cases ## Where it is deployed. Worked use cases and deployment scenarios. Open one for the kit, the data products and the standards. [Use case · low to medium complexity Hybrid air-quality observatoryA few reference analysers and many low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data feed.WhoCities, public-health units, school districts.DataAir-quality index and hyperlocal maps, labelled supplementary; Calibrated time series with quality flags; Publication route to an open air-quality aggregatorEU Directive 2024/2881 (ambient air quality) CEN/TS 17660 (sensor systems) US EPA FEM/FRM reference methods The full use case →](https://observatory.global/use-cases/hybrid-air-quality/) [Use case · medium complexity Wildfire camera and fire-weather nodePan-tilt and thermal cameras with edge inference on a ridgeline tower, co-located with a fire-weather station.WhoElectric utilities, provinces and states, counties.DataSmoke-detection alerts to dispatch, labelled supplementary; Public camera feeds; Fire-weather indicesOASIS CAP 1.2 (outbound alerts) NWCG RAWS standards NFPA 1600 The full use case →](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/) [Use case · high complexity Mine site private 5G and environmental monitoringA standalone 5G core, radios across the pit and edge compute for autonomy, with dust, vibration, slope and weather sensing for environmental records.WhoMining companies and their contractors.DataAutonomy and safety communications records; Environmental monitoring records (dust, blast vibration, slope, tailings)3GPP Rel-16/17 URLLC ISO 17757 (autonomous mining machinery safety) GISTM (tailings) ISA/IEC 62443 The full use case →](https://observatory.global/use-cases/mine-5g/) [Environment and climate Methane fenceline and site-level continuous monitoringRegulatory cadences in the EU and reporting levels in voluntary frameworks.The full use case →](https://observatory.global/use-cases/methane-fenceline/) [Environment and climate Biodiversity measurement with acoustics and camera trapsAcoustic baselines as a biodiversity data source; no registry methodology accepting acoustic data was found.The full use case →](https://observatory.global/use-cases/bioacoustic/) [Environment and climate Wildfire smoke and particulate health networksOverlaps with cities and public safety.The full use case →](https://observatory.global/use-cases/hybrid-air-quality/) [Every use case](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/use-cases/) **07** Solution bundles ## Start with one unit. Grow to a network. The same systems at every scale, on the open protocol, so nothing you buy is replaced as you grow. 1. **01** Base unit One station or node, specified for this industry: instruments, power, enclosure and backhaul. [Build a station →](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/) 2. **02** Site A surveyed, commissioned site with its timing, its links and the evidence file a buyer can audit. [Plan a site →](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) 3. **03** Fleet Many sites run as one service: one plan, one update path, one evidence trail, one service level. [Managed offers →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/solutions/) 4. **04** Network Fleets that federate with partner grids through the open protocol, owner by owner. [The open protocol →](https://observatory.global/protocol/) **08** Solutions ## What we deliver. Each offer is designed, deployed and run on the open protocol by Nexus Observatory Inc. hardware + software, managed service, build-operate-transfer ### Hydrometeorological and flood observing networks Stream gauges, rain gauges, weather radar and automatic weather stations built to WMO practice, reporting through WIS 2.0 where the agency requires it. [How we deliver it →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/solutions/#hydromet-networks) managed service, data licence ### Hybrid air-quality networks Reference analysers plus calibrated low-cost nodes, with co-location calibration and an open-data interface. [How we deliver it →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/solutions/#air-quality-networks) data licence, professional services ### Earth observation tasking, processing and change detection SAR and optical acquisition planning, analysis-ready processing and change detection checked against field truth, delivered as STAC and COG. [How we deliver it →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/solutions/#eo-services) managed service, data licence ### Environmental and permit monitoring Emissions, water quality, noise and dust monitoring for permit conditions, with traceable calibration and evidence bundles. [How we deliver it →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/solutions/#environmental-compliance) data licence, API ### Observation data products and evidence bundles Licensed feeds and archives with metadata, quality flags and provenance on every value; evidence bundles for audits and claims processes. [How we deliver it →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/solutions/#observation-data) **09** Service platforms ## The platforms behind it. The service platforms that build the systems this industry runs on. [Service platform Sensors & instrumentsMeasurements that carry their own proof.](https://observatory.global/sensors/) [Service platform Field servicesSurvey to decommission, one accountable crew.](https://observatory.global/field-services/) [Service platform ConnectivityPrivate 5G, AI-RAN and orbit, on site.](https://observatory.global/connectivity/) [Service platform Data & licensingGrid data, licensed for your use.](https://observatory.global/data-products/) [Service platform Earth observation & GeoAIThe ground, measured and modelled.](https://observatory.global/earth-observation/) [Service platform Space and satellite systemsFrom orbit to the ground, on one protocol.](https://observatory.global/space/) [Service platform Frontier labsThe frontier, taken into the field.](https://observatory.global/labs/) [How each platform serves this industry](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/platforms/) **10** Standards and compliance ## Drawn against the standards your auditors use. Standards the systems are drawn against - EU Directive 2024/2881 (ambient air quality) - CEN/TS 17660 (sensor systems) - US EPA FEM/FRM reference methods - OASIS CAP 1.2 (outbound alerts) - NWCG RAWS standards - NFPA 1600 - 3GPP Rel-16/17 URLLC - ISO 17757 (autonomous mining machinery safety) - GISTM (tailings) - ISA/IEC 62443 Regulation and authority - **Spectrum and siting** Licences, permits and siting are part of the plan, country by country. [Country notes →](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/countries/) - **Privacy and data** Your data stays yours, under the licence you choose. [Privacy notice →](https://observatory.global/legal/privacy/) - **Security** Hardware-rooted identity and signed updates on every device. [Security →](https://observatory.global/security/) **11** Questions buyers ask ## Before you scope it. Who sells, and who owns the data? Nexus Observatory Inc. is the seller of record. The data your systems collect stays yours, under the licence you choose. Do we have to buy hardware? No. We deliver as a managed service, a data licence or a system you own. Can we start small? Yes. Start with one station or one site, then grow to a fleet and a network on the same open protocol, without replacing what you bought. Which standards do the systems meet? Each system is drawn against the open protocol and the standards it is composed from, listed on this page. What happens after go-live? We run the systems to a written service level, with monitoring, repair and an evidence trail, or train your team to run them. ### Ready when you are. Plan a deployment, configure a station or talk to sales. Every request reaches the team that answers it. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/contact/deployment/) [Station Builder](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/) [Talk to sales](https://observatory.global/contact/sales-enquiry/) **12** Open and community ## Open by default. Built with the people who use it. Open data, open methods and the open protocol, with the people who use them. Open projects this community builds on - OpenAQ - Safecast - AudioMoth - FLUXNET and ICOS tools - Global Forest Watch Take part - [Join the community, one account for the whole network](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/community/) - [Use the open methods and templates](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/open/) - [Follow a learning path](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/resources/) - [Read the country notes](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/countries/) **13** Earth and environment ## Neighbouring industries. [Industry WaterEvery catchment, gauged.](https://observatory.global/industries/water/) [Industry NatureHabitat, measured without disturbing it.](https://observatory.global/industries/nature/) [Industry OceansFrom the coastline to the open ocean.](https://observatory.global/industries/oceans/) [Industry AgricultureFarm decisions on measured ground.](https://observatory.global/industries/agriculture/) ## Bring us the site. Survey, design, deployment and operation for climate. The form names who receives your details. 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