{"id":21,"date":"2026-11-02T11:40:35","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T11:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatory.global\/grid-services\/explainer\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T11:43:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T11:43:17","slug":"explainer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/observatory.global\/grid-services\/explainer\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocol &#038; Grid: explainer"},"content":{"rendered":"<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/kit-fonts.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/kit.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/i18n.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/chrome.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/x.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/system\/3d\/3d.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/view-x-grid.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<div class=\"nxo-view\" data-nxo-view=\"x-grid\" data-nxo-bundle=\"99e42e7aa6ec\"><div class=\"nxo-ssr\" data-nxo-snap> <main><section><p><b>DISCOVERED<\/b><\/p><p><b>MANIFEST_VALID<\/b><\/p><p><b>RIGHTS_REVIEWED<\/b><\/p><p><b>SECURITY_REVIEWED<\/b><\/p><p><b>TECHNICALLY_QUALIFIED<\/b><\/p><p><b>SOVEREIGNTY_QUALIFIED<\/b><\/p><p><b>ADMITTED_FOR_SCOPE<\/b><\/p><p><b>SUSPENDED<\/b><\/p><p><b>REVOKED<\/b><\/p><p><b>RETIRED<\/b><\/p> <p><b>T<\/b><\/p><p><b>RH<\/b><\/p><p><b>SH<\/b><\/p><p><b>VB<\/b><\/p><p><b>IP<\/b><\/p><p><b>EMC<\/b><\/p><p><b>ESD<\/b><\/p><p><b>SG<\/b><\/p><p><b>ALT<\/b><\/p><p><b>SF<\/b><\/p><p><b>TS<\/b><\/p><p><b>TC<\/b><\/p><p><b>Edge module<\/b> <em>\u00b7 wedge<\/em><\/p><p><b>Tower node<\/b><\/p><p><b>Weather station<\/b><\/p><p><b>Weather radar<\/b><\/p><p><b>Seismic vault<\/b><\/p> <p>Building the scene\u2026<\/p> <nav aria-label=\"Chapters\"><span>01<\/span><span>02<\/span><span>03<\/span><span>04<\/span><span>05<\/span><span>06<\/span><\/nav> <article><p>Protocol and grid \u00b7 Explainer<\/p> <div role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"1\" class=\"nxo-ssr-h1\">Your grid, on the open protocol.<\/div> <p>Providers admitted for a stated scope and nothing wider. Devices qualified against the environment they will meet. Nodes that form a cell, cells that federate across trust domains, plans compiled from declared intent, and evidence that can be checked by anyone holding the chain.<\/p> <dl><dt>Admission states<\/dt><dd>10<\/dd> <dt>Admission transitions<\/dt><dd>35<\/dd> <dt>Compiler phases<\/dt><dd>14<\/dd> <dt>Protocol flows<\/dt><dd>12<\/dd> <\/dl> <nav aria-label=\"Chapters\"><span><b>01<\/b>Admission<\/span><span><b>02<\/b>Qualification<\/span><span><b>03<\/b>Site<\/span><span><b>04<\/b>Federation<\/span><span><b>05<\/b>Orchestration<\/span><span><b>06<\/b>Evidence<\/span><\/nav> <\/article> <article><p><b>01<\/b> \u00b7 Admission<\/p> <h2>Admitted for a scope. Nothing wider.<\/h2> <p>A provider starts as a candidate with no reliance permitted. Its manifest is validated, then its rights, its supply chain and a bounded test profile; a jurisdiction review follows where the deployment needs one. The policy decision admits it under a key: provider, artifact digest, profile, jurisdiction, purpose and qualification revision. Change any part of the key and the admission does not carry over.<\/p> <p>Profile<\/p> <p>Purpose<\/p> <p>Evidence<\/p> <dl><dt>State<\/dt><dd>DISCOVERED<\/dd> <dt>Last guard<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Admission key<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Keys admitted so far<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>02<\/b> \u00b7 Qualification<\/p> <h2>Tested against the place it will live.<\/h2> <p>Qualification starts from the use environment: it decides which methods apply, the tests record their conditions and instruments, failures are evaluated, limits and derating are declared, and the result binds to the exact hardware and firmware bill of materials. Pick an environment, run the suite, then set any cell to see the row decide.<\/p> <p>Environment<\/p> <p>Suite<\/p> <p>pass<\/p><p>derated<\/p><p>fail<\/p><p>not run<\/p><p>not required<\/p> <dl><dt>Methods required here<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Devices qualified for this environment<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Failing closed<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>03<\/b> \u00b7 Site<\/p> <h2>A wedge node, then a cell.<\/h2> <p>One wedge node establishes the site from signed media. It discovers its peers, each proves itself by mutual attestation, policy assigns roles, and members join the cell and share local services, including a local authority that keeps operating inside its lease when the backhaul is gone. The cell closes with acceptance evidence.<\/p> <p>Members<\/p> <p>Run<\/p> <dl><dt>Cell state<\/dt><dd>WEDGE_NODE<\/dd> <dt>Members in the cell<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Held outside<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>04<\/b> \u00b7 Federation<\/p> <h2>Cells federate. Trust stays explicit.<\/h2> <p>Federation is asynchronous exchange under a binding: trust, scope, data-locality, version and correction contracts. Each cell sends signed summaries, not raw state. When a domain is cut off it keeps operating inside its lease; on reconnection the sides exchange digests and resolve conflicts by authoritative owner and version.<\/p> <p>Domain C<\/p> <dl><dt>Bindings across domains<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Summaries held by domain C<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Domain C<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>05<\/b> \u00b7 Orchestration<\/p> <h2>Declared intent in, an immutable plan out.<\/h2> <p>A deployment plan declares capabilities and policy, not a bill of materials. The compiler resolves only providers admitted for the scope, evaluates policy and fails closed, then checks resources, network and timing, data rights and locality, and trust prerequisites in parallel before it places workloads and emits a plan with a digest and proof obligations. Planning is not execution.<\/p> <p>Constraint<\/p> <p>Run<\/p> <dl><dt>Phase reached<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Result<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Plan digest (SHA-256)<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>06<\/b> \u00b7 Evidence<\/p> <h2>Every step leaves a record you can check.<\/h2> <p>Each step of a plan&#8217;s delivery writes a record that carries the hash of the one before it. Anyone holding the chain can recompute it: change one record after the fact and its hash no longer matches the link stored in the next, so the break shows exactly where. The hashes below are SHA-256 over each record, computed in your browser.<\/p> <dl><dt>Records<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Chain<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Head<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <\/section> <\/main> <footer><p><a href=\"\/\">Nexus Observatory<\/a><b>Protocol &amp; Grid<\/b>. Your grid, on the open protocol.<a href=\"\/contact\/\">Talk to us<\/a><\/p><p>Protocol &amp; Grid<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/private-grids\/\">Private grids<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/federation\/\">Federation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/qualification\/\">Qualification<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/provider-admission\/\">Provider admission<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/orchestration\/\">Orchestration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Technologies<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/technologies\/security\/device-identity-and-attestation\/\">Device identity and attestation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/technologies\/security\/pki-secure-boot-and-updates\/\">PKI, secure boot and updates<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Industries<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/industries\/public-safety\/\">Public safety<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/government\/\">Government<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/resilience\/\">Civil resilience<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/humanitarian\/\">Humanitarian<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/industry\/\">Industry<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/research\/\">Research<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Service platforms<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/protocol\/\">Observatory Protocol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/software\/\">Software<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hardware\/\">Hardware &amp; power<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/sensors\/\">Sensors &amp; instruments<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/connectivity\/\">Connectivity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/edge-ai\/\">Edge compute &amp; AI<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/earth-observation\/\">Earth observation &amp; GeoAI<\/a><\/li><\/ul> <p>\u00a9 2026 Nexus Observatory Inc.<\/p><nav aria-label=\"Legal\"><a href=\"\/legal\/privacy\/\">Privacy<\/a><a href=\"\/legal\/terms\/\">Terms<\/a><a href=\"\/legal\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility<\/a><a href=\"\/privacy-choices\/\">Cookie settings<\/a><a href=\"\/credits\/\">Data credits<\/a><\/nav> <\/footer>\n<\/div><!--\/nxo-ssr--><main>\n<section class=\"xs\" id=\"story\" aria-label=\"Interactive protocol and grid explainer\">\n  <div class=\"stage\" id=\"stage\">\n    <canvas id=\"c\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"3D view of the grid explainer. Drag or use the arrow keys to turn the scene.\"><\/canvas>\n    <div class=\"hud\" id=\"hud\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"loading\" id=\"loading\">Building the scene\u2026<\/div>\n    <nav class=\"rail\" id=\"rail\" aria-label=\"Chapters\"><\/nav>\n    <div class=\"attr\" id=\"attr\" hidden><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"chapters\" id=\"chapters\">\n    <article class=\"ch intro\" id=\"top\"><div class=\"in\">\n      <div class=\"hrow\"><span class=\"eyebrow\">Protocol and grid \u00b7 Explainer<\/span><\/div>\n      <h1>Your grid, on the open protocol.<\/h1>\n      <p class=\"lede\">Providers admitted for a stated scope and nothing wider. Devices qualified against the environment they will meet. Nodes that form a cell, cells that federate across trust domains, plans compiled from declared intent, and evidence that can be checked by anyone holding the chain.<\/p>\n      <dl class=\"facts\" id=\"facts\"><\/dl>\n      <nav class=\"toc\" id=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Chapters\"><\/nav>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"admit\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>01<\/b> \u00b7 Admission<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Admitted for a scope. Nothing wider.<\/h2>\n      <p>A provider starts as a candidate with no reliance permitted. Its manifest is validated, then its rights, its supply chain and a bounded test profile; a jurisdiction review follows where the deployment needs one. The policy decision admits it under a key: provider, artifact digest, profile, jurisdiction, purpose and qualification revision. Change any part of the key and the admission does not carry over.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"aPL\">Profile<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"aPL\" id=\"aP\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"aUL\">Purpose<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"aUL\" id=\"aU\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"aFL\">Evidence<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"aFL\" id=\"aF\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><label class=\"chk\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"aJ\" checked> The deployment needs a jurisdiction review<\/label><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"run1\">Run admission<\/button><\/div>\n      <ol class=\"steps\" id=\"astp\"><\/ol>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>State<\/dt><dd id=\"aS\" class=\"r\">DISCOVERED<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Last guard<\/dt><dd id=\"aG\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Admission key<\/dt><dd id=\"aK\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Keys admitted so far<\/dt><dd id=\"aN\">0<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"qual\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>02<\/b> \u00b7 Qualification<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Tested against the place it will live.<\/h2>\n      <p>Qualification starts from the use environment: it decides which methods apply, the tests record their conditions and instruments, failures are evaluated, limits and derating are declared, and the result binds to the exact hardware and firmware bill of materials. Pick an environment, run the suite, then set any cell to see the row decide.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"qEL\">Environment<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"qEL\" id=\"qE\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\">Suite<\/span><span class=\"row\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"run2\">Run the suite<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"qB\">Change a BOM<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"qm\" id=\"qM\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Qualification matrix\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"f\"><\/i>pass<\/span><span><i><\/i>derated<\/span><span><i class=\"r\"><\/i>fail<\/span><span><i class=\"d\"><\/i>not run<\/span><span><i class=\"d\" style=\"border-style:dashed\"><\/i>not required<\/span><\/div>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Methods required here<\/dt><dd id=\"qR\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Devices qualified for this environment<\/dt><dd id=\"qQ\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Failing closed<\/dt><dd id=\"qX\" class=\"r\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"cell\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>03<\/b> \u00b7 Site<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>A wedge node, then a cell.<\/h2>\n      <p>One wedge node establishes the site from signed media. It discovers its peers, each proves itself by mutual attestation, policy assigns roles, and members join the cell and share local services, including a local authority that keeps operating inside its lease when the backhaul is gone. The cell closes with acceptance evidence.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\">Members<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"full\" id=\"cM\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:6px\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\">Run<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"run3\">Form the cell<\/button><\/div>\n      <ol class=\"steps\" id=\"cstp\"><\/ol>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Cell state<\/dt><dd id=\"cS\" class=\"r\">WEDGE_NODE<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Members in the cell<\/dt><dd id=\"cN\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Held outside<\/dt><dd id=\"cO\" class=\"r\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"fed\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>04<\/b> \u00b7 Federation<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Cells federate. Trust stays explicit.<\/h2>\n      <p>Federation is asynchronous exchange under a binding: trust, scope, data-locality, version and correction contracts. Each cell sends signed summaries, not raw state. When a domain is cut off it keeps operating inside its lease; on reconnection the sides exchange digests and resolve conflicts by authoritative owner and version.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><label for=\"fI\">Summary interval<\/label><output id=\"fIO\" for=\"fI\"><\/output><input class=\"full\" type=\"range\" id=\"fI\" min=\"1\" max=\"60\" step=\"1\" value=\"5\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><label for=\"fD\">Partition length<\/label><output id=\"fDO\" for=\"fD\"><\/output><input class=\"full\" type=\"range\" id=\"fD\" min=\"5\" max=\"1440\" step=\"5\" value=\"180\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\">Domain C<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"run4\">Partition<\/button><\/div>\n      <ol class=\"steps\" id=\"fstp\"><\/ol>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Bindings across domains<\/dt><dd id=\"fB\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Summaries held by domain C<\/dt><dd id=\"fH\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Domain C<\/dt><dd id=\"fX\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"orch\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>05<\/b> \u00b7 Orchestration<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Declared intent in, an immutable plan out.<\/h2>\n      <p>A deployment plan declares capabilities and policy, not a bill of materials. The compiler resolves only providers admitted for the scope, evaluates policy and fails closed, then checks resources, network and timing, data rights and locality, and trust prerequisites in parallel before it places workloads and emits a plan with a digest and proof obligations. Planning is not execution.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"oCL\">Constraint<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"oCL\" id=\"oC\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\">Run<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"run5\">Compile<\/button><\/div>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Phase reached<\/dt><dd id=\"oP\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Result<\/dt><dd id=\"oR\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Plan digest (SHA-256)<\/dt><dd id=\"oD\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n      <pre class=\"mono\" id=\"oJ\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Plan\"><\/pre>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"ledger\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>06<\/b> \u00b7 Evidence<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Every step leaves a record you can check.<\/h2>\n      <p>Each step of a plan&#8217;s delivery writes a record that carries the hash of the one before it. Anyone holding the chain can recompute it: change one record after the fact and its hash no longer matches the link stored in the next, so the break shows exactly where. The hashes below are SHA-256 over each record, computed in your browser.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><label class=\"chk\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"lT\"> Edit record 04 after the fact<\/label><button type=\"button\" class=\"tbtn\" id=\"run6\">Verify the chain<\/button><\/div>\n      <ol class=\"steps\" id=\"lstp\"><\/ol>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Records<\/dt><dd id=\"lN\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Chain<\/dt><dd id=\"lV\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Head<\/dt><dd id=\"lH\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"scale\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>07<\/b> \u00b7 Scale<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>One admitted node, then a federation of grids.<\/h2>\n      <p>The smallest unit is one node, admitted within its provider\u2019s declared scope. A site groups nodes under a site controller; a cluster gathers one provider\u2019s sites; a region joins several providers inside one trust domain; the global layer federates trust domains by agreement. At every level access is decided per request from identity, evidence and policy, never from where a node sits on the network.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/pubs\/sp\/800\/207\/final\" rel=\"noopener\">NIST SP 800-207, Zero Trust Architecture<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"conformance\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>08<\/b> \u00b7 Conformance<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Conformance is tested, then published.<\/h2>\n      <p>An open protocol is only as good as its tests. An implementation runs the published test suite for the profiles and levels it claims, the results become a conformance report, and a public registry lists what passed and against which version. A deployment then accepts implementations by their report, not by their brand. The vocabulary of conformity assessment keeps testing, inspection and attestation distinct.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n>ISO\/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment: vocabulary and general principles<\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"versions\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>09<\/b> \u00b7 Versioning<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>A protocol that changes without breaking the grid.<\/h2>\n      <p>The protocol is layered: a small core, profiles for each kind of grid, bindings to wire formats, extensions and the implementations above. Version numbers carry meaning: a major change may break compatibility, a minor one adds without breaking, a patch only fixes. Profiles pin the versions they rely on, and a deprecated feature is announced and kept for an overlap before it is removed.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/semver.org\/spec\/v2.0.0.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Semantic Versioning 2.0.0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"operations\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>10<\/b> \u00b7 Operations<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>A grid run by exception, across owners.<\/h2>\n      <p>Each provider operates its own nodes; the grid sees their admission state and evidence. When a node\u2019s evidence goes stale or no longer matches its reference values, the node is quarantined automatically and its data is held apart until it attests again. Remote attestation defines how evidence is produced, conveyed and appraised, so one owner\u2019s fault never silently enters another\u2019s record.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc9334\" rel=\"noopener\">IETF RFC 9334, Remote ATtestation procedureS (RATS) Architecture<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"lifecycle\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>11<\/b> \u00b7 Lifecycle<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>From declaration to withdrawal.<\/h2>\n      <p>A provider declares its scope, its nodes are admitted, they operate, and their credentials are renewed well before they expire. Short-lived certificates issued and renewed by an automated protocol keep a lost key from staying useful for long. When a provider withdraws, its nodes are revoked, and the records they produced stay in the ledger with their provenance intact.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc8555\" rel=\"noopener\">IETF RFC 8555, Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"asks\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>12<\/b> \u00b7 Buyers\u2019 questions<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>What to ask of a grid built on an open protocol.<\/h2>\n      <p>Is the specification public and free to implement? Who decides changes, and through what process? Can a node from another implementation join if it passes the same tests? What evidence stays with you, and can you leave with your nodes and records? Principles for open standards ask for due process, broad consensus, transparency, balance and openness, and these questions test each of them.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/open-stand.org\/about-us\/principles\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStand, Principles for the Modern Standards Paradigm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/main><noscript><nav class=\"nxo-related\" aria-labelledby=\"nxo-related-h\"><div class=\"w\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Across the network<\/p><h2 id=\"nxo-related-h\">Related on Nexus Observatory<\/h2><div class=\"nxo-related-g\"><section><h3>Protocol &amp; Grid<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/private-grids\/\">Private grids<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/federation\/\">Federation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/qualification\/\">Qualification<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/provider-admission\/\">Provider admission<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/orchestration\/\">Orchestration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/areas\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid: areas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/technologies\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid: technologies<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/architecture\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid: architecture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/industries\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid: industries served<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/resources\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid: resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/section><section><h3>Industries served<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"\/industries\/public-safety\/\">Public safety and emergency management<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/government\/\">Government and national programmes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/resilience\/\">Critical infrastructure and civil resilience<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/humanitarian\/\">Humanitarian and development<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/industry\/\">Manufacturing and industrial sites<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/research\/\">Science and research<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/section><section><h3>Technology domains<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"\/technologies\/security\/\">Security, identity and trust<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/section><section><h3>Related platforms<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"\/protocol\/\">Observatory Protocol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/#lines\">Test and qualification<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/connectivity\/\">Connectivity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/field-services\/\">Field services<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hardware\/\">Hardware &amp; power<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/sensors\/\">Sensors &amp; instruments<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/\">Data &amp; licensing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/nav><footer class=\"legal\"><div class=\"w\"><div>\u00a9 2026 Nexus Observatory Inc.<\/div><div><b>Legal<\/b><br><a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Privacy notice<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Terms of use<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Cookie policy<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/legal\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/official-languages\/\">Official languages<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/notices\/\">Notices<\/a><\/div><div><b>Company<\/b><br><a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/about\/\">About<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/consortium\/\">Open governance<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/footer><\/noscript><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/json\" id=\"nxo-config\">{\"base\":\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/\",\"search\":\"\",\"view\":\"x-grid\",\"links\":{\"$comment\":\"Network link map with the industry sites as main-site hubs (docs\/28 option): industry pages under \/industries\/{id}\/, platforms on their subsites. 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