{"id":21,"date":"2026-11-02T11:40:50","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T11:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatory.global\/data-products\/explainer\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T11:44:08","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T11:44:08","slug":"explainer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/observatory.global\/data-products\/explainer\/","title":{"rendered":"Data &#038; licensing: explainer"},"content":{"rendered":"<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/kit-fonts.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/kit.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/i18n.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/chrome.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/x.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/system\/3d\/3d.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/observatory.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/nexus-observatory-pages\/assets\/bundle\/99e42e7aa6ec\/view-x-data.css?ver=99e42e7aa6ec\">\n<div class=\"nxo-view\" data-nxo-view=\"x-data\" data-nxo-bundle=\"99e42e7aa6ec\"><div class=\"nxo-ssr\" data-nxo-snap> <main><section><p><b>Instrument<\/b> <em>\u00b7 calibration<\/em><\/p><p><b>Node<\/b> <em>\u00b7 envelope, buffer, quality<\/em><\/p><p><b>Site<\/b> <em>\u00b7 outbox<\/em><\/p><p><b>governed data store<\/b> <em>\u00b7 inbox, governed data<\/em><\/p><p><b>Consumer<\/b> <em>\u00b7 product<\/em><\/p><p><b>4.56 \u00b0C<\/b>GNSS \u00b11 \u00b5s \u00b7 u \u00b10.15<br>flags none \u00b7 aws-07<\/p><p><b>NOAA ISD<\/b> <em>\u00b7 U.S. Government work<\/em><\/p><p><b>USGS NWIS<\/b> <em>\u00b7 U.S. Government work<\/em><\/p><p><b>ECCC hydrometric<\/b> <em>\u00b7 ECCC end-use licence<\/em><\/p><p><b>NEON<\/b> <em>\u00b7 CC0 1.0<\/em><\/p><p><b>Argo floats<\/b> <em>\u00b7 CC BY 4.0<\/em><\/p><p><b>AmeriFlux<\/b> <em>\u00b7 CC BY 4.0<\/em><\/p><p><b>WRI power plants<\/b> <em>\u00b7 CC BY 4.0<\/em><\/p><p><b>Sensor.Community<\/b> <em>\u00b7 ODbL 1.0 \u00b7 research only<\/em><\/p><p><b>INTERMAGNET<\/b> <em>\u00b7 CC BY-NC 4.0 \u00b7 research only<\/em><\/p><p><b>PSMSL tide gauges<\/b> <em>\u00b7 Free with citation \u00b7 research only<\/em><\/p><p><b>Derived product<\/b> <em>\u00b7 2 sources, 1 attribution line<\/em><\/p><p><b>Research<\/b> <em>\u00b7 open<\/em><\/p><p><b>Commercial API<\/b> <em>\u00b7 open<\/em><\/p><p><b>Enterprise<\/b> <em>\u00b7 open<\/em><\/p><p><b>Government<\/b> <em>\u00b7 open<\/em><\/p><p><b>Open release<\/b> <em>\u00b7 open<\/em><\/p><p><b>NOAA ISD<\/b><\/p><p><b>ECCC hydrometric<\/b><\/p><p><b>USGS NWIS<\/b><\/p><p><b>Argo floats<\/b><\/p><p><b>P1 \u00b7 gridded field<\/b> <em>\u00b7 v1<\/em><\/p><p><b>P2 \u00b7 index<\/b> <em>\u00b7 v1<\/em><\/p><p><b>P3 \u00b7 nowcast<\/b> <em>\u00b7 v1<\/em><\/p><p><b>P4 \u00b7 QC report<\/b> <em>\u00b7 v1<\/em><\/p><p><b>P5 \u00b7 composite<\/b> <em>\u00b7 v1<\/em><\/p><p><b>P6 \u00b7 index of indices<\/b> <em>\u00b7 v1<\/em><\/p><p><b>API<\/b><\/p><p><b>Map<\/b><\/p><p><b>Export<\/b><\/p><p><b>Alerts<\/b><\/p><p><b>Canada<\/b><\/p><p><b>United States of America<\/b><\/p><p><b>Germany<\/b><\/p><p><b>Japan<\/b><\/p><p><b>Australia<\/b><\/p><p><b>Brazil<\/b><\/p><p><b>refused at the boundary<\/b><\/p><p><b>Sites<\/b><\/p><p><b>Governed products<\/b><\/p><p><b>API<\/b><\/p><p><b>Events<\/b><\/p><p><b>Maps<\/b><\/p><p><b>Export<\/b><\/p><p><b>Open release<\/b><\/p><p><b>Inbound management path<\/b> <em>\u00b7 none<\/em><\/p><p><b>Alberta<\/b> <em>\u00b7 146 stations<\/em><\/p> <nav aria-label=\"Chapters\"><span>01<\/span><span>02<\/span><span>03<\/span><span>04<\/span><span>05<\/span><span>06<\/span><\/nav> <p>Intro. Instrument \u00b7 calibration; Node \u00b7 envelope, buffer, quality; Site \u00b7 outbox; governed data store \u00b7 inbox, governed data; Consumer \u00b7 product; 4.56 \u00b0CGNSS \u00b11 \u00b5s \u00b7 u \u00b10.15flags none \u00b7 aws-07<\/p> <article><p>Data \u00b7 Explainer<\/p> <div role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"1\" class=\"nxo-ssr-h1\">Grid data, licensed for your use.<\/div> <p>Every value leaves the instrument with its unit, time quality, quality flags and provenance, and keeps them all the way to your product. The licence of every source is carried through to every product, corrections flow downstream without deleting history, and residency is fixed by contract.<\/p> <dl><dt>Sources in the register<\/dt><dd>30<\/dd> <dt>Cleared for commercial use<\/dt><dd>19<\/dd> <dt>Fields in an observation<\/dt><dd>13<\/dd> <dt>Steps from instrument to product<\/dt><dd>7<\/dd> <\/dl> <nav aria-label=\"Chapters\"><span><b>01<\/b>Pipeline<\/span><span><b>02<\/b>Licensing<\/span><span><b>03<\/b>Corrections<\/span><span><b>04<\/b>Residency<\/span><span><b>05<\/b>Exchange<\/span><span><b>06<\/b>Requests<\/span><\/nav> <\/article> <article><p><b>01<\/b> \u00b7 Pipeline<\/p> <h2>The value never travels alone.<\/h2> <p>An instrument measures with its identity and calibration. The node wraps the value in an observation envelope with time quality, buffers it when the link drops, measures quality and uncertainty, and publishes through a transactional outbox, delivered at least once. The inbox upstream deduplicates by event id, so a value lands once however often it is sent. Inject a fault and follow the packet.<\/p> <p>Fault<\/p> <ol><li>Measurement with sensor identity and calibration<code>instrument \u2192 node \u00b7 calibration-record<\/code><\/li><li>Wrap in an observation envelope with time quality<code>node \u2192 node \u00b7 observation<\/code><\/li><li>Buffer locally (store-and-forward when the link drops)<code>node \u2192 node \u00b7 event-envelope<\/code><\/li><li>Measure quality and uncertainty, attach quality flags<code>node \u2192 node \u00b7 quality-flag<\/code><\/li><li>Commit with transactional outbox and publish, delivered at least once<code>node \u2192 site \u00b7 event-envelope<\/code><\/li><li>Consumer inbox deduplicates and applies each record once into governed data<code>site \u2192 data-store \u00b7 observation<\/code><\/li><li>Governed product through API, map or export, correction-aware<code>data-store \u2192 api-consumer \u00b7 product-manifest<\/code><\/li><\/ol> <pre>{ \"observationUni\": \"obs-1001\", \"systemUni\": \"aws-07\", \"observedProperty\": \"air_temperature\", \"phenomenonTime\": \"2026-10-28T05:14:18Z\", \"resultTime\": \"2026-10-28T05:14:18Z\", \"result\": 4.56, \"unit\": \"Cel\", \"uncertainty\": { \"u\": 0.15, \"k\": 2 }, \"qualityFlags\": [], \"timeQuality\": { \"source\": \"GNSS\", \"offsetBound\": \"\u00b11 \u00b5s\" }, \"evidenceRefs\": [ \"cal-aws-07-r4\" ], \"schemaVersion\": \"1.0\" }<\/pre> <dl><dt>Delivered to the inbox<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd> <dt>Applied once<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>02<\/b> \u00b7 Licensing<\/p> <h2>A product inherits every licence it touches.<\/h2> <p>A derived product carries the union of its inputs&#8217; obligations and the intersection of their permissions. One non-commercial input closes the commercial tiers; one share-alike database fixes the licence of what is built from it; every attribution travels. Choose the sources a product draws on and see where it may go.<\/p> <dl><dt>Attribution lines carried<\/dt><dd>1<\/dd> <dt>Share-alike<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd> <dt>Non-commercial input<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd> <dt>Tiers open to this product<\/dt><dd>5 of 5 \u00b7 research, commercial api, enterprise, government, open release<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>03<\/b> \u00b7 Corrections<\/p> <h2>A correction flows down. History stays.<\/h2> <p>When a source corrects a value, the dependency graph is walked: every product that used it is marked stale, only those are recomputed, each gets a new version that names what it supersedes, and subscribers are told. Nothing is deleted; the old version stays readable with its correction state. Pick a source to correct.<\/p> <p>Correct<\/p> <ol><li>Upstream correction<code>source-steward \u2192 data-store \u00b7 correction-notice<\/code><\/li><li>Walk dependency graph; mark dependent state stale or disputed<code>data-store \u2192 data-store \u00b7 correction-notice<\/code><\/li><li>Selective recompute<code>data-store \u2192 data-store \u00b7 evidence-record<\/code><\/li><li>New version; notify subscribers, UI and exports<code>data-store \u2192 api-consumer \u00b7 product-manifest<\/code><\/li><\/ol> <dl><dt>Products marked stale<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Left untouched<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <dt>Subscribers notified<\/dt><dd>\u2013<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>04<\/b> \u00b7 Residency<\/p> <h2>Where data lives is a contract term.<\/h2> <p>The compiler evaluates data rights and locality before it places anything, and it is compute-to-data aware: when rows may not leave a region, the work travels to the data and only the permitted result comes back. Set the region, the requester and the request.<\/p> <p>Data region<\/p> <p>Requester in<\/p> <p>Request<\/p> <dl><dt>Decision<\/dt><dd>refused at the boundary<\/dd> <dt>Crosses the boundary<\/dt><dd>the request only<\/dd> <dt>Distance travelled<\/dt><dd>6,420 km each way<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>05<\/b> \u00b7 Exchange<\/p> <h2>Out by contract. Never in.<\/h2> <p>Governed products reach people and applications through versioned APIs, events, maps and exports. None of them opens an inbound management path into a site: requests stop at the governed product, and a map paint is bound to its product by a grounding receipt. Open release is one more channel, open only when the licence allows it.<\/p> <p>Channel<\/p> <dl><dt>Standards<\/dt><dd>OGC API Common \u00b7 OGC SensorThings API \u00b7 OpenAPI 3.1<\/dd> <dt>What travels<\/dt><dd>versioned product records, each value with its quality and provenance<\/dd> <dt>Inbound path to the site<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <article><p><b>06<\/b> \u00b7 Requests<\/p> <h2>Ask for an area and a window.<\/h2> <p>A request names a property, an area and a time window. The size of the answer follows from the stations inside the area, the window and the reporting interval; each observation comes back with its quality and provenance attached. The stations counted here are real surface weather stations.<\/p> <p>Area<\/p> <p>Interval<\/p> <p>Form<\/p> <pre>GET \/v1.1\/Observations ?$filter=st_within(FeatureOfInterest\/feature, geography'POLYGON((-120 49,-110 49,-110 60,-120 60,-120 49))') and ObservedProperty\/name eq 'air_temperature' and phenomenonTime ge 2026-10-27T15:00:00Z and phenomenonTime lt 2026-10-28T05:00:00Z &amp;$select=phenomenonTime,result,resultQuality &amp;$top=2044<\/pre> <dl><dt>Stations in the area<\/dt><dd>146<\/dd> <dt>Observations returned<\/dt><dd>2,044<\/dd> <dt>Response size, uncompressed<\/dt><dd>734.7 kB<\/dd> <\/dl> <\/article> <\/section> <\/main> <footer><p><a href=\"\/\">Nexus Observatory<\/a><b>Data &amp; licensing<\/b>. Grid data, licensed for your use.<a href=\"\/contact\/\">Talk to us<\/a><\/p><p>Data &amp; licensing<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/products\/\">Products<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/tiers\/\">Tiers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/api\/\">API<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/publication\/\">Publication<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/residency\/\">Residency<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Technologies<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/technologies\/data\/ingest-and-streaming\/\">Ingest and streaming<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/technologies\/data\/storage-and-data-lakes\/\">Storage and data lakes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Industries<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/industries\/government\/\">Government<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/cities\/\">Cities<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/resilience\/\">Civil resilience<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/communities\/\">Communities<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/humanitarian\/\">Humanitarian<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/climate\/\">Climate<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/industries\/water\/\">Water<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Service platforms<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/protocol\/\">Observatory Protocol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/grid-services\/\">Protocol &amp; Grid<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/software\/\">Software<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hardware\/\">Hardware &amp; power<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/sensors\/\">Sensors &amp; instruments<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/connectivity\/\">Connectivity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/edge-ai\/\">Edge compute &amp; AI<\/a><\/li><\/ul> <p>\u00a9 2026 Nexus Observatory Inc.<\/p><nav aria-label=\"Legal\"><a href=\"\/legal\/privacy\/\">Privacy<\/a><a href=\"\/legal\/terms\/\">Terms<\/a><a href=\"\/legal\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility<\/a><a href=\"\/privacy-choices\/\">Cookie settings<\/a><a href=\"\/credits\/\">Data credits<\/a><\/nav> <\/footer>\n<\/div><!--\/nxo-ssr--><main>\n<section class=\"xs\" id=\"story\" aria-label=\"Interactive data and licensing explainer\">\n  <div class=\"stage\" id=\"stage\">\n    <canvas id=\"c\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"3D view of the data explainer. Drag or use the arrow keys to turn the scene.\"><\/canvas>\n    <div class=\"hud\" id=\"hud\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"loading\" id=\"loading\">Building the scene\u2026<\/div>\n    <nav class=\"rail\" id=\"rail\" aria-label=\"Chapters\"><\/nav>\n    <div class=\"attr\" id=\"attr\" hidden><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"chapters\" id=\"chapters\">\n    <article class=\"ch intro\" id=\"top\"><div class=\"in\">\n      <div class=\"hrow\"><span class=\"eyebrow\">Data \u00b7 Explainer<\/span><\/div>\n      <h1>Grid data, licensed for your use.<\/h1>\n      <p class=\"lede\">Every value leaves the instrument with its unit, time quality, quality flags and provenance, and keeps them all the way to your product. The licence of every source is carried through to every product, corrections flow downstream without deleting history, and residency is fixed by contract.<\/p>\n      <dl class=\"facts\" id=\"facts\"><\/dl>\n      <nav class=\"toc\" id=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Chapters\"><\/nav>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"pipe\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>01<\/b> \u00b7 Pipeline<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>The value never travels alone.<\/h2>\n      <p>An instrument measures with its identity and calibration. The node wraps the value in an observation envelope with time quality, buffers it when the link drops, measures quality and uncertainty, and publishes through a transactional outbox, delivered at least once. The inbox upstream deduplicates by event id, so a value lands once however often it is sent. Inject a fault and follow the packet.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"pFL\">Fault<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"pFL\" id=\"pF\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <ol class=\"steps\" id=\"pstp\"><\/ol>\n      <pre class=\"mono\" id=\"pJ\" aria-label=\"Observation envelope\"><\/pre>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Delivered to the inbox<\/dt><dd id=\"pD\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Applied once<\/dt><dd id=\"pA\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"lic\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>02<\/b> \u00b7 Licensing<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>A product inherits every licence it touches.<\/h2>\n      <p>A derived product carries the union of its inputs&#8217; obligations and the intersection of their permissions. One non-commercial input closes the commercial tiers; one share-alike database fixes the licence of what is built from it; every attribution travels. Choose the sources a product draws on and see where it may go.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"chips\" id=\"lS\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Sources\"><\/div>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Attribution lines carried<\/dt><dd id=\"lA\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Share-alike<\/dt><dd id=\"lSA\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Non-commercial input<\/dt><dd id=\"lNC\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Tiers open to this product<\/dt><dd id=\"lT\" class=\"r\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"corr\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>03<\/b> \u00b7 Corrections<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>A correction flows down. History stays.<\/h2>\n      <p>When a source corrects a value, the dependency graph is walked: every product that used it is marked stale, only those are recomputed, each gets a new version that names what it supersedes, and subscribers are told. Nothing is deleted; the old version stays readable with its correction state. Pick a source to correct.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"cSL\">Correct<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"cSL\" id=\"cS\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <ol class=\"steps\" id=\"cstp\"><\/ol>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Products marked stale<\/dt><dd id=\"cN\" class=\"r\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Left untouched<\/dt><dd id=\"cU\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Subscribers notified<\/dt><dd id=\"cB\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"res\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>04<\/b> \u00b7 Residency<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Where data lives is a contract term.<\/h2>\n      <p>The compiler evaluates data rights and locality before it places anything, and it is compute-to-data aware: when rows may not leave a region, the work travels to the data and only the permitted result comes back. Set the region, the requester and the request.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"rRL\">Data region<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"rRL\" id=\"rR\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"rQL\">Requester in<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"rQL\" id=\"rQ\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"rKL\">Request<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"rKL\" id=\"rK\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><label class=\"chk\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rX\" checked> The contract lets derived results leave the region<\/label><span><\/span><\/div>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Decision<\/dt><dd id=\"rD\" class=\"r\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Crosses the boundary<\/dt><dd id=\"rC\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Distance travelled<\/dt><dd id=\"rG\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"pub\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>05<\/b> \u00b7 Exchange<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Out by contract. Never in.<\/h2>\n      <p>Governed products reach people and applications through versioned APIs, events, maps and exports. None of them opens an inbound management path into a site: requests stop at the governed product, and a map paint is bound to its product by a grounding receipt. Open release is one more channel, open only when the licence allows it.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"xCL\">Channel<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"xCL\" id=\"xC\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Standards<\/dt><dd id=\"xS\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>What travels<\/dt><dd id=\"xW\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Inbound path to the site<\/dt><dd id=\"xI\" class=\"r\">none<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"api\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>06<\/b> \u00b7 Requests<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Ask for an area and a window.<\/h2>\n      <p>A request names a property, an area and a time window. The size of the answer follows from the stations inside the area, the window and the reporting interval; each observation comes back with its quality and provenance attached. The stations counted here are real surface weather stations.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"qAL\">Area<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"qAL\" id=\"qA\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><label for=\"qW\">Window<\/label><output id=\"qWO\" for=\"qW\"><\/output><input class=\"full\" type=\"range\" id=\"qW\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" step=\"1\" value=\"40\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"qIL\">Interval<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"qIL\" id=\"qI\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ctl\"><span class=\"lab\" id=\"qFL\">Form<\/span><span><\/span><div class=\"seg sm full\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"qFL\" id=\"qF\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <pre class=\"mono\" id=\"qR\" aria-label=\"Request\"><\/pre>\n      <dl class=\"ro\">\n        <div><dt>Stations in the area<\/dt><dd id=\"qN\" class=\"r\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Observations returned<\/dt><dd id=\"qO\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Response size, uncompressed<\/dt><dd id=\"qB\">\u2013<\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"scale\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>07<\/b> \u00b7 Scale<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>From one station\u2019s record to a global archive.<\/h2>\n      <p>The smallest unit is one station\u2019s record: values with their time, place, quality and provenance. A site merges its instruments into one record; a cluster keeps a shared archive; a region publishes a catalogue; the global layer federates catalogues so a user finds data without knowing who holds it. The same principles apply at every level: findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable, for people and for machines.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sdata.2016.18\" rel=\"noopener\">Wilkinson et al., \u201cThe FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship\u201d, Scientific Data, 2016<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"lineage\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>08<\/b> \u00b7 Lineage<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Every product can name what it was made from.<\/h2>\n      <p>A value moves from raw counts to calibrated units, through quality control, into derived products and finally publication. At each step the lineage is recorded in the terms of the W3C provenance model: the entity produced, the activity that produced it and the agent responsible, including the software version. When an upstream value is corrected, the lineage finds every product downstream that must be remade.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/prov-o\/\" rel=\"noopener\">W3C, PROV-O: The PROV Ontology<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"archive\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>09<\/b> \u00b7 Archive<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Kept for decades, readable when needed.<\/h2>\n      <p>Long-term keeping is a discipline of its own. The reference model for an open archival information system divides it into ingest, archival storage, data management, preservation planning and access. Fixity checks prove that stored bytes have not changed, copies sit in separate places, and formats are watched so the record can be migrated before the software that reads it disappears.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n>ISO 14721 and CCSDS 650.0-M, Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS)<\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"feeds\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>10<\/b> \u00b7 Operations<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>Every feed, watched for freshness.<\/h2>\n      <p>Every feed has an expected cadence. A late or missing delivery is flagged, checksums confirm that what arrived is what was sent, and operators see exceptions rather than every file. A stale feed opens one ticket carrying the source\u2019s last good timestamp. The data quality model names currentness alongside accuracy and completeness, so freshness is measured, not assumed.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n>ISO\/IEC 25012, Data quality model<\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"lifecycle\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>11<\/b> \u00b7 Lifecycle<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>A dataset\u2019s life, planned before its first value.<\/h2>\n      <p>A dataset is planned before it is collected: who owns it, which licence it carries, how long it is kept. It is then collected, described with catalogue metadata, preserved and reused. A standard catalogue vocabulary lets the same description serve a portal, a search engine and another archive, so a dataset stays discoverable long after the project that made it has ended.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/vocab-dcat-3\/\" rel=\"noopener\">W3C, Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT), Version 3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n    <article class=\"ch\" id=\"asks\"><div class=\"card\">\n      <div class=\"hd\"><span class=\"eyebrow\"><b>12<\/b> \u00b7 Buyers\u2019 questions<\/span><\/div>\n      <h2>What to ask before building on someone\u2019s data.<\/h2>\n      <p>Under which licence, and does it allow commercial use and redistribution? Can each value be traced to its source and processing? Where is it stored, and under which law? Is it in open formats a different tool can read? Can a full copy leave with you? An open licence is one that lets anyone use, change and share the data, subject at most to attribution and share-alike terms.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"cite\"><span>Sources<\/span> <span data-no-i18n><a href=\"https:\/\/opendefinition.org\/od\/2.1\/en\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Knowledge Foundation, The Open Definition, version 2.1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div><\/article>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/main><noscript><nav class=\"nxo-related\" aria-labelledby=\"nxo-related-h\"><div class=\"w\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Across the network<\/p><h2 id=\"nxo-related-h\">Related on Nexus Observatory<\/h2><div class=\"nxo-related-g\"><section><h3>Data &amp; licensing<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/\">Data &amp; licensing overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/products\/\">Products<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/tiers\/\">Tiers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/api\/\">API<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/publication\/\">Publication<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/residency\/\">Residency<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/data-products\/areas\/\">Data &amp; 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