--- title: "Technologies: Data & licensing | Nexus Observatory" description: "Technologies of the Data & licensing platform, layer by layer: Data and software and interoperability. Research, commercial API…" url: https://observatory.global/data-products/technologies/ publisher: Nexus Observatory Inc. updated: 2026-11-02 --- [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/) / [Data & licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/) / **Technologies** # The technologies behind data & licensing. Every technology this platform builds with, layer by layer, from the open taxonomy. Marked in red: what is moving now, each traced to its source. [Plan with us](https://observatory.global/data-products/contact/licence-request/) [Architecture](https://observatory.global/data-products/architecture/) Areas · **5** Technologies · **59** Industries · **19** **01** The layered map ## Layer by layer, from the open taxonomy. Each domain this platform draws on, with its layers and the technologies in each. Open a layer for what each technology does and the standard behind it. ### Data, software and interoperability How observations move from the edge into stores, catalogues and APIs with their provenance, licence and residency attached, and how they interoperate through open standards and the open Observatory Protocol. [The full directory →](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/) ### [Ingest and streaming](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/ingest-and-streaming/) Technologies · 8 - Publish-subscribe telemetry - Message queuing between services - Event envelopes - Event-driven API descriptions - Meteorological data exchange - Schemas and data contracts - Timestamps and time zones - Edge filtering and store-and-forward ### [Storage and data lakes](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/storage-and-data-lakes/) Technologies · 6 - Time-series stores - Columnar data lakes - Array stores for cubes and models - Spatial databases - Tiered storage and retention - Long-term preservation ### [Metadata, provenance and catalogues](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/metadata-provenance-and-catalogues/) Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1 - Provenance - Lineage in geographic metadata - Dataset catalogues - Asset catalogues - WMO discovery metadata - Persistent identifiers and citation - Controlled vocabularies and units - Content credentials for media ### [Open standards and interoperability](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/open-standards-and-interoperability/) Technologies · 7 - OGC SensorThings API - OGC API - Connected Systems - Observation models and ontologies - OPC UA information models - Context information management - Asset administration shell - Hydro and met data encodings ### [APIs and SDKs](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/apis-and-sdks/) Technologies · 7 - API descriptions - OGC API building blocks - Authorisation - Error reporting - Quotas, metering and usage records - SDKs and client libraries - Webhooks and subscriptions ### [Licensing, residency and governance](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/licensing-residency-and-governance/) Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 1 - Open data licences - Data and code licence identifiers - FAIR data practice - Indigenous data governance - Data residency by contract - Cross-border transfer rules - Data sharing agreements - Data spaces ### [Digital twins and observability](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/digital-twins-and-observability/) Technologies · 7 - Digital twin concepts - Twin frameworks for equipment and sites - Telemetry for software - Metrics exposition - Network and device management interfaces - Data quality monitoring - Service level objectives ### [Open protocol interfaces and federation](https://observatory.global/technologies/data/open-protocol-interfaces-and-federation/) Technologies · 8 · Frontier · 2 - Node roles and profiles - Enrolment and admission state machines - Observation envelope - Signed orchestration plans - Conformance testing - Grid federation - Federated learning across grids - Privacy-preserving analytics **02** Across the network ## The whole spectrum, on the main site. [Main site Every technology domainAll domains, layers and items, with their sources.Open →](https://observatory.global/technologies/) [Main site The spectrumThe technologies of observation on one map.Open →](https://observatory.global/spectrum/) [Observatory Protocol StandardsThe open standards the protocol is composed from.Open →](https://observatory.global/protocol/standards/) **03** On this site ## Where to go next. [Data & licensing AreasEvery area, with its systems and standards.Open →](https://observatory.global/data-products/areas/) [Data & licensing ArchitectureLayers, functions and evidence.Open →](https://observatory.global/data-products/architecture/) [Data & licensing IndustriesThe industry sites built on this platform.Open →](https://observatory.global/data-products/industries/) [Data & licensing ResourcesExplainer, stories, specification and forms.Open →](https://observatory.global/data-products/resources/) ## Bring us the site. We bring the survey, the design and the crew. The form names who receives your details. [Plan a deployment](https://observatory.global/data-products/contact/licence-request/) [Contact](https://observatory.global/data-products/contact/) [Nexus Observatory](https://observatory.global/)**Data & licensing** . Grid data, licensed for your use.[Talk to us](https://observatory.global/contact/) Data & licensing - [Overview](https://observatory.global/data-products/) - [Explainer](https://observatory.global/data-products/explainer/) - [Areas](https://observatory.global/data-products/areas/) - [Technologies](https://observatory.global/data-products/technologies/) - [Architecture](https://observatory.global/data-products/architecture/) - [Industries](https://observatory.global/data-products/industries/) - [Resources](https://observatory.global/data-products/resources/) - [Contact](https://observatory.global/data-products/contact/) Platforms - [Observatory Protocol](https://observatory.global/protocol/) - [Protocol & Grid](https://observatory.global/grid-services/) - [Software](https://observatory.global/software/) - [Hardware & power](https://observatory.global/hardware/) - [Sensors & instruments](https://observatory.global/sensors/) - [Connectivity](https://observatory.global/connectivity/) - [Edge compute & AI](https://observatory.global/edge-ai/) - [Earth observation & GeoAI](https://observatory.global/earth-observation/) - [Space and satellite systems](https://observatory.global/space/) - [Digital twins and simulation](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/) - [Data & licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/) - [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/) - [Frontier labs](https://observatory.global/labs/) Solutions - [Early warning](https://observatory.global/use-cases/street-flood/) - [Wildfire and fire weather](https://observatory.global/use-cases/wildfire-camera/) - [Environmental compliance](https://observatory.global/use-cases/methane-fenceline/) - [Asset monitoring](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/) - [Private networks](https://observatory.global/connectivity/private-5g/) - [Remote power and sites](https://observatory.global/use-cases/remote-microgrid/) - [Climate and resilience](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/) - [Site twins](https://observatory.global/digital-twins/) - [Data licensing](https://observatory.global/data-products/) Industries - [Public safety](https://observatory.global/industries/public-safety/) - [Government](https://observatory.global/industries/government/) - [Cities](https://observatory.global/industries/cities/) - [Civil resilience](https://observatory.global/industries/resilience/) - [Communities](https://observatory.global/industries/communities/) - [Humanitarian](https://observatory.global/industries/humanitarian/) - [Climate](https://observatory.global/industries/climate/) - [Water](https://observatory.global/industries/water/) - [Nature](https://observatory.global/industries/nature/) - [Oceans](https://observatory.global/industries/oceans/) - [Agriculture](https://observatory.global/industries/agriculture/) - [Energy](https://observatory.global/industries/energy/) - [Telecom](https://observatory.global/industries/telecom/) - [Transport](https://observatory.global/industries/transport/) - [Infrastructure](https://observatory.global/industries/infrastructure/) - [Mining](https://observatory.global/industries/mining/) - [Industry](https://observatory.global/industries/industry/) - [Research](https://observatory.global/industries/research/) - [Education](https://observatory.global/industries/education/) - [Health](https://observatory.global/industries/health/) - [Insurance and finance](https://observatory.global/industries/insurance/) - [Events](https://observatory.global/industries/events/) Products - [Field Deployment Studio](https://observatory.global/studio/) - [Station Builder](https://observatory.global/studio/builder/) - [Field services](https://observatory.global/field-services/) - [Data products](https://observatory.global/data-products/) - [APIs and SDKs](https://observatory.global/protocol/developers/) - [Edge runtime and fleet](https://observatory.global/software/) - [Hardware catalogue](https://observatory.global/hardware/) - [Reference designs](https://observatory.global/protocol/reference-designs/) Resources - [Learn](https://observatory.global/learn/) - 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